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Biomedical subjects

R A Bryant

Publications and source records attributed to R A Bryant.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Avoidant coping style and post-traumatic stress following motor vehicle accidents.

Predictors of post-traumatic intrusive symptomatology were studied in 56 motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors 12 months after their MVA. Measures were obtained on Ss' subjective response to the trauma, objective indices of injury severity, coping response (Coping Style Questionnaire), and post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale; IES). Significant levels of intrusive and avoidance symptomatology were reported by 20% of MVA survivors. An avoidant coping style and compensation accounted for 41% of variance of IES-Intrusion scores. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of avoidance behaviour in post-traumatic adjustment.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1995

Acute stress response: a comparison of head injured and non-head injured patients.

Acute stress responses were investigated in head injured (N = 38) and non-head injured (N = 38) motor vehicle accident victims immediately following their trauma. Results indicated that amnesia of the traumatic event was associated with less acute post-traumatic stress, intrusive symptoms, perceived injury, and fear of future risk. A proportion of head injured patients reported intrusive and avoidance symptoms despite being amnesic of their trauma. Findings are discussed in terms of the differential post-traumatic adjustment of head injured and non-head injured traumatized patients.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1995

Processing threatening information in posttraumatic stress disorder.

The authors used a modified Stroop task to study how people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) process threatening information. Participants were motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors with either PTSD (n = 15), simple phobia of driving (n = 15), or low anxiety (n = 15). Participants named colors of 4 types of words: strong threat words (MVA related), mild threat words (MVA related), positive words, and neutral words. Participants with PTSD demonstrated greater interference on strong threat words than those with simple phobia or low anxiety. Contrary to expectation, participants with simple phobia did not display an interference effect. Findings suggest that individuals with PTSD and simple phobia may process threatening information differently. The nature of attentional bias in different anxiety conditions following trauma is discussed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1995

Fantasy proneness, reported childhood abuse, and the relevance of reported abuse onset.

This study investigated the relationship between fantasy proneness and the age at which reported childhood sexual abuse occurs. Seventeen adult females who reported having been sexually abused before the age of 7 years, 20 females who reported having been abused after the age of 7 years, and 20 females who reported having never been abused were administered two measures of imaginative involvement (Tellegen Absorption Scale [TAS] and Inventory of Childhood Memories and Imaginings [ICMI]). Participants who were reportedly abused early in childhood obtained higher scores on the TAS and ICMI than participants who were reportedly abused later in childhood, who in turn obtained higher scores than the control participants. Findings are discussed in terms of factors that mediate fantasy proneness and reports of childhood abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Hypnotic induction of an epileptic seizure: a brief communication.

This case study investigated the utility of hypnosis to precipitate a seizure in a patient with refractory epilepsy. The patient was twice administered a hypnotic induction and a suggestion to age regress to a day when he was distressed and suffered repeated seizures. The patient did not respond to the first hypnotic suggestion; however, an epileptic seizure was observed in the second hypnotic session. Videorecording and subdural electroencephalograph recording confirmed that he suffered an epileptic seizure. Postexperimental inquiry revealed that the patient used deliberate cognitive strategies to avoid seizure onset in the first session but adopted a more constructive cognitive style in the second session. Findings are discussed in terms of emotions, hypnosis, and cognitive style as mediating factors in the experimental precipitation of epileptic seizures.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Posttraumatic stress in volunteer firefighters. Predictors of distress.

Posttraumatic stress was studied in volunteer firefighters who regularly engage in threatening situations. In response to a survey of firefighters across New South Wales, Australia, 751 firefighters completed questionnaires concerning trauma experiences and posttraumatic stress levels. The presence of posttraumatic stress was best predicted by a combination of event-related and response-related aspects of the trauma. Firefighters' proximity to death, perceived severity of trauma, and fear of the traumatic event were closely associated with posttraumatic stress. In addition, the presence of stresses subsequent to the trauma, including unemployment and the loss of a loved one, was also related to posttraumatic stress. Findings are discussed in terms of etiological factors in posttraumatic stress and the need for adequate coping resources to manage the aftermath of a traumatic event.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Psychological impairment following motor vehicle accidents.

This study investigated the rate of psychological impairment and stressful life events in survivors of motor vehicle accidents. Fifty-six patients who had been hospitalised because of motor-vehicle-accident-related injuries were reviewed twelve months after the accident. In this sample, 41 per cent of patients reported significant levels of psychological impairment. Patients reporting psychological disturbance were characterised by having more pain, unemployment, substance abuse, avoidance of road transport and compensation claims. Only 44 per cent of patients reporting significant psychological impairment had sought professional help for their conditions. Psychological dysfunction following motor vehicle accidents appears to be a common occurrence, and education of medical personnel and survivors is required to enhance identification and management of this problem.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1991

Trance logic in hypnosis and imagination.

In 2 experiments we investigated trance logic, or the tolerance of logical incongruity, in age regression and hallucination. Experiment 1 tested 21 hypnotizable and 19 unhypnotizable subjects in an application of the real-simulating model of hypnosis. Experiment 2 tested 26 high and 19 low imagery ability subjects in an adaptation of the model to the imagination context. Subjects' experiences were investigated through the experiential analysis technique. More real than simulating subjects displayed trance logic during age regression, but they did not differ on the major measures of trance logic during hallucination. This pattern of responding occurred in both the hypnosis and the imagination contexts. Subjects' comments suggested that completeness of and belief in age regression or hallucination may play some role in trance logic. The importance of understanding trance logic from the subject's point of view is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hypnotic blindness and the relevance of cognitive style.

Real, hypnotized and simulating, unhypnotized subjects were instructed to use either a constructive or a concentrative cognitive style when attempting to respond to a suggestion for hypnotic blindness; also, some subjects were administered the suggestion without any instructions about cognitive style. More reals who received the constructive rather than the concentrative instructions reported complete blindness; a similar number of simulators who received the different instructions reported complete blindness. Moreover, reals who received the constructive instruction reported a more rapidly developed belief in their blindness. The findings are discussed in terms of the relevance of cognitive style to subjects' reports of hypnotic blindness, and the possibility is considered that both reports of and belief in hypnotic blindness are determined in part by cognitive style.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hypnotic blindness: a behavioral and experiential analysis.

This research examined the influence of visual information on a decision task that subjects were administered during hypnotically suggested blindness. Real, hypnotizable subjects and simulating, unhypnotizable subjects were tested in two experiments. Experiment 1 focused on behavioral responses, and Experiment 2 focused on experiential reactions. In both experiments, the findings indicated that the behavioral responses of reals were influenced by visual information despite their reported blindness. The behavioral responses of reals and simulators were essentially similar. The experiential data in Experiment 2 provided information about the phenomenal nature of subjects' reported blindness. The experimental reactions of reals and simulators were essentially different. The research is discussed in terms of the issues that need to be considered in the development of a model of hypnotic blindness.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Visual conversion disorder: a case analysis of the influence of visual information.

We examined the influence of visual information on a decision task that was administered to an individual with monocular visual conversion disorder. Findings indicated that his performance was influenced by the visual information and by motivation instructions. The findings are discussed in terms of a model of hysterical blindness that recognizes the interplay of cognitive and motivational processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hypnotic blindness, awareness, and attribution.

Examined whether performance on a spelling task would be influenced by visual information in the reported absence of hypnotized subjects' awareness of that information. Experiment 1 visually presented uncommon spellings of homophones to subjects before and during a suggestion for hypnotic blindness, and subsequently tested subjects' spelling of the homophones. Words presented during hypnotic blindness influenced subjects' spelling performance. Subjects' attributions of their performance did not involve awareness of the homophones. Experiment 2 used the nonexperiment methodology to examine the impact of demand characteristics and indicated that the performance attributions of subjects of Experiment 1 could not be explained in these terms. The discussion focuses on implicit perception in hypnotic blindness and on the relevance of attributions about behavioral performance on hypnotic phenomena.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Hypnotic emotions and physical sensations: a real-simulating analysis.

Real hypnotizable Ss and simulating unhypnotizable Ss were administered a suggestion for either happiness, emotional neutrality, or sadness. The emotion was assessed through subjective and behavioral measures taken once before, twice during, and once after the emotion. Findings indicated that emotionally congruent changes occurred in both self-report and performance measures. Ss' physical sensations during the emotion were assessed on a 34-item self-report scale. It was demonstrated that Ss in the happy versus sad conditions reported different physical sensations; in particular, they reported different facial sensations. The responses of real hypnotizable Ss, however, were essentially paralleled by those of simulating unhypnotizable Ss. Therefore, the possibility exists that hypnotized Ss may have been responding on the basis of social demands. The findings are discussed in terms of the effects of the emotion suggestions, and the implications of real and simulating Ss displaying similar affective responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Orthodontics and orthognathic surgery: adjuncts to restorative and periodontal therapy.

Orthodontic and orthognathic surgical procedures are important adjuncts to the provision of optimum restorative and periodontal care. Dentoalveolar and skeletal abnormalities of either developmental or acquired origin can be corrected primarily, thus eliminating the necessity for compromise in prosthetic design. Dental relationships that are contributory to irreversible periodontal deterioration can be normalized to facilitate stabilization of the periodontal condition and to increase the longevity of the natural dentition. Maxillofacial surgical treatment is technically complex but is more conservative than many traditionally accepted treatment procedures. It is based on the rationale of conservation of natural structures rather than their radical ablation or their sacrifice to uncontrollable progressive disease processes. Patient participation to establishment of treatment objectives and extensive patient education are essential ingredients in such treatment. Interdisciplinary communication and coordination contribute to a mutual appreciation of treatment possibilities and limitations. Thus, orthodontic and orthognathic surgical options should be considered in planning the solution to a wide variety of periodontal and restorative treatment problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A locking rod and tube connector.

Two methods for interlocking the segments of fixed splints are advocated: (1) solderless joints where the connector occurs between adjacent abutment teeth and (2) a locking rod and tube attachment when the connector occurs in a pontic space. The locking rod and tube attachment was described. It allows complete independence of each segment. If problems occur in any segment of the splint, only that segment must be removed to make a repair. Other splinting techniques were presented along with their advantages and disadvantages.

Dental Abutments↗