Biomedical subjects

R A Beveridge

Publications and source records attributed to R A Beveridge.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer--the Consensus Development Conference revisited.

The 1985 Consensus Development Conference on Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer recommended that combination chemotherapy be considered standard therapy for premenopausal, node-positive patients and tamoxifen standard treatment for postmenopausal, node-positive, receptor-positive patients. These recommendations have been further strengthened by data analysis in the intervening two and a half years. However, the optimal adjuvant therapy for any subset of patients has not been established and appropriately remains under investigation. Likewise, the risk-benefit ratio of systemic adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal, node-positive, receptor-negative patients and in node-negative patients (regardless of menopausal status) remains a subject with discordant data and interpretations.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1988

Monitoring breast cancer with CA 549.

CA 549, a new marker for breast cancer, was measured in serum of 719 patients by an immunoradiometric assay involving two monoclonal antibodies: BC4E 549, developed against a breast-tumor cell line, and BC4N 154, developed against milk fat-globule membrane. The reference interval for healthy women was 0-11 kilo-units/L. The percentages of patients with CA 549 greater than 11 kilo-units/L for benign conditions are: 0% pregnancy, 1% breast, 26% liver; and for nonbreast metastatic cancers: 12% endometrial, 33% lung, 40% prostatic, and 50% ovarian. In women with breast cancer who were receiving or had completed adjuvant therapy with no evidence of disease there was an 11% increase in CA 549. For patients with metastatic breast cancer, 19% of those in complete remission, 63% of those in partial remission, and 88% of those with systemic progression had increased CA 549. CA 549 is a more specific marker than carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in nonmalignant disease, nonbreast malignancies, and adjuvant breast-cancer patients, and it is more sensitive in breast-cancer patients with progressive disease than is CEA. We could show CA 549 to be superior to CEA for detecting active breast cancer in patients with malignant or nonmalignant breast diseases. In monitoring 19 adjuvant-treated patients, CA 549 correlated more closely with the clinical course than did CEA values and, when increased, predicted a clinical recurrence. In 18 breast-cancer patients with metastasis, monitored for two to three years, the change of CA 549 values paralleled disease courses more often than did CEA values.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Serum glycoproteins in cancer patients: first report of correlations with in vitro and in vivo parameters of cellular immunity.

Serum levels of proteins previously shown to be elevated [acute-phase proteins (APP)-haptoglobin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin] or depressed (alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein, prealbumin, albumin) in cancer patients were correlated with tumor extent, in vitro lymphocyte reactivity (LR) to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and quantitative delayed hypersensivity (DH) to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in 147 preoperative patients with operable solid malignancies either confined to the primary site or with regional spread only. Compared to 58 normal controls, levels of the APP were significantly elevated, alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and prealbumin depressed, and albumin levels unchanged in patients with either local or regional tumors. In patients with normal DH to DNCB, the APP were higher and prealbumin was lower than in controls; in patients with impaired DH to DNCB, haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were higher and alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and prealbumin lower than in patients with normal DH to DNCB. Albumin levels did not differ from normals in any of the groups. Serum protein levels appeared to be more related to the immune status of the patient than to tumor extent. The levels of the three APP correlated directly with each other but inversely with alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and prealbumin; levels of alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and prealbumin correlated directly with each other. Levels of haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein correlated inversely with LR to PHA; however, levels of alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein correlated directly with LR to PHA, and uniquely the levels of alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and LR to PHA both showed similar changes for each of the four quantitative levels of DH to DNCB measured in the cancer patients. The data show that the proteins studied, except for albumin, correlate inversely (APP) or directly (alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and prealbumin) with in vitro and in vivo parameters of cellular immunity. The results provide a rationale for attempts to improve depressed cellular immunity by lowering circulating levels of APP, as is being attempted in ongoing trials using plasmapheresis, and assessing the effect of exogenous alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein or prealbumin in patients with low levels of these glycoproteins and depressed cellular immunity. The correlations between serum glycoprotein levels and in vitro and in vivo parameters of cellular immunity lend rationale to investigations of the interactions of serum glycoproteins and blood cells having immunologic function that determine the level of cellular immunity expressed in vivo.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Identification and quantitation of B and T cells by cytofluorographic analysis.

With cytofluorographic analysis (CFGA) of cells stained with the fluorescent dye acridine orange (AO), the major peripheral white cell populations--lymphocytes, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells--display different characteristics and appear as distinct populations which can be quantitated. In this study we present a method for determining percentages of human T and B cells lymphocyte subpopulations by CFGA and display of the data on a computer-generated 3-dimensional grid. Lymphocytes were depleted of either B, T, or both B and T cells by rosetting with erythrocytes and separated by centrifugation. The B cell and T cell depleted and non-rosetting cell subpopulations localized on constant, distinct areas of the display grid. The percentages of T and B cells in peripheral blood samples from 6 normals analyzed by CFGA did not differ from the results obtained by light microscope counting (LMC).

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Review of clinical studies of CA 27.29 in breast cancer management.

A critical review of CA 27.29 and CA 15-3 is performed in this paper. A review of the literature is undertaken. A review of the FDA submissions for 27.29 for both early stage and monitoring metastatic breast cancer patients is reviewed.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CA-549: immunohistochemistry and serum levels in breast carcinoma and other neoplasms.

CA-549 is a high molecular weight acidic glycoprotein found in the serum of breast cancer patients. Detection of CA-549 in serum using an immunoradiometric assay has [1] correlated with disease course in breast cancer patients and [2] aided in establishing the diagnosis of breast cancer in patients with metastatic disease. This study examines the expression of CA-549 using immunohistochemistry in normal breast, benign breast disease, breast carcinoma, and a variety of other carcinomas. In addition, in 29 patients both serum and tissue samples were available for correlation. CA-549 was constitutively expressed in normal breast tissue, but immunohistochemical positivity was restricted either to the luminal aspect or entire cell membrane. All patients with benign breast disease had normal levels of CA-549 despite immunohistochemical positivity. Nearly all (98 percent) of breast carcinomas showed reactivity for CA-549, with a majority (82 percent) of the cases showing cytoplasmic positivity. In patients with both serum and tissue studied, those with cytoplasmic staining of the breast carcinomas had mean serum level of 174 U per ml (range 1.9 to 785), compared to 37.3 U per ml (range 2.1 to 86.8) in those with only membrane or luminal staining of tumor (p = 0.0578). Immunoreactive CA-549 was found in many normal epithelia and in other types of carcinomas. CA-549 is [1] constitutively expressed on the cell membrane of normal breast epithelium, [2] commonly present in the cytoplasm of breast carcinomas, and [3] found often in a variety of carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy and tolerability of imipenem-cilastatin versus ceftazidime plus tobramycin as empiric therapy of presumed bacterial infection in neutropenic cancer patients.

The efficacy and tolerability of monotherapy with imipenem-cilastatin (I-C) were compared with that of ceftazidime plus full-course therapy with an aminoglycoside (tobramycin) (C&T) in the treatment of presumed bacterial infection in neutropenic cancer patients. A total of 106 adult patients diagnosed with presumed bacterial infection and an underlying malignancy with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 500/mm3 were enrolled in this open-label study. A total of 131 febrile episodes occurred. Forty-five patients in the I-C group and 41 in the C&T group, who were well matched on demographic and baseline characteristics, were evaluable for efficacy and safety. Seventy-two hours after the start of therapy, no significant between-group differences in treatment outcomes, including withdrawals or deaths, were seen. Thirty-five (78%) of 45 patients in the I-C group and 29 (71%) of the 41 in the C&T group had successful outcomes at the final evaluation. Superinfection occurred in 8 (18%) I-C patients and 3 (7%) C&T patients. Within the subgroup of patients with an initial ANC < 100/mm3, the final evaluation showed no significant differences in treatment outcome between groups. Of the 131 in the safety population 30 (46%) I-C patients and 28 (42%) C&T patients had one or more adverse experiences; drug-related adverse events occurred in 25 (38%) patients in the I-C group and 11 (17%) patients in the C&T group. The data suggest that imipenem-cilastatin should be considered for initial empiric therapy of presumed bacterial infection in neutropenic cancer patients.

Adult↗