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Biomedical subjects

R A Berman

Publications and source records attributed to R A Berman.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Fungal infection following renal transplantation.

Twenty-seven deep fungal infections developed in 22 of 171 patients following renal transplantation. These infections included cryptococcosis (ten), nocardiosis (seven), candidiasis (four), aspergillosis (two), phycomycosis (two), chromomycosis (one), and subcutaneous infection with Phialophora gougeroti (one). Twelve infections occurred in living-related and ten in cadaveric recipients. Nineteen of the 22 patients were male. Infections occurred from 0 to 61 months after transplantation. Complicating non-fungal infections were present concomitantly in 15 patients. Thirteen patients died, eight probably as a result of fungal infection. Appropriate diagnostic procedures yielded a diagnosis in 20 of 27 infections, and therapy was begun in 18 patients. Serologic, culture, and biopsy procedures useful in making rapid diagnoses are advocated in the hope of increasing survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibitory control of attention declines more than working memory during normal aging.

Changes in frontostriatal systems are believed to reduce the efficiency of executive cognitive functions during normal aging, especially the inhibitory control of attentional and behavioral responses. To characterize changes during normal aging in sensorimotor, working memory and inhibitory attentional systems, we tested 20 healthy elderly subjects (age 65-80) and 28 young adults (age 18-34) using oculomotor paradigms. Visually guided saccades of elderly subjects showed decreased peak velocity and increased reaction time, but not reduced accuracy, indicating selective age-related declines in sensorimotor systems. In an oculomotor working memory task, memory for spatial location information in elderly subjects was as accurate as in young adults. In contrast, elderly subjects demonstrated a significantly reduced ability to voluntarily inhibit eye movements toward flashed targets on an antisaccade task. These findings indicate changes in frontostriatal systems during normal aging that adversely affect volitional inhibitory processes but spare encoding and retrieval components of spatial working memory.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dorsal cortical regions subserving visually guided saccades in humans: an fMRI study.

Neurophysiological studies in non-human primates have identified saccade-related neuronal activity in cortical regions including frontal (FEF), supplementary (SEF) and parietal eye fields. Lesion and neuroimaging studies suggest a generally homologous mapping of the oculomotor system in humans; however, a detailed mapping of the precise anatomical location of these functional regions has not yet been achieved. We investigated dorsal frontal and parietal cortex during a saccade task vs. central fixation in 10 adult subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The FEF were restricted to the precentral sulcus, and did not extend anteriorly into Brodmann area 8, which has traditionally been viewed as their location in humans. The SEF were located in cortex along the interhemispheric fissure and extended minimally onto the dorsal cortical surface. Parietal activation was seen in precuneus and along the intraparietal sulcus, extending into both superior and inferior parietal lobules. These findings localize areas in frontal and parietal cortex involved in saccade generation in humans, and indicate significant differences from the macaque monkey in both frontal and parietal cortex. These differences may have functional implications for the roles these areas play in visuomotor processes.

Adult↗