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Biomedical subjects

R A Baldor

Publications and source records attributed to R A Baldor.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Introducing managed care to the medical school curriculum: effect on student attitudes.

In order to assess the effect of clinical training and didactic instruction on medical student attitudes toward managed care, we conducted a survey of all medical students at the midpoint of their third year clerkships at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. The students were exposed to clinical training in managed care settings and a 2-day required course on the principles underlying managed care. The main outcome measures were student attitudes toward the concepts of managed care, managed care organizations, and future careers in managed care. Students also assessed the attitudes of medical faculty toward managed care. Attitudes of students with previous clinical training in managed care settings did not differ from those of students without such exposure toward the concepts underlying managed care or managed care organizations and were less positive about careers in managed care. Student responses before and after the 2-day course on managed care demonstrated that attitudes moved in a significantly positive direction. Seventy-one percent of students reported that the opinions they had heard from medical faculty about managed care were negative. Preparing medical students to practice medicine effectively in managed care settings will require focused attention on managed care issues in the medical school curriculum and the combined efforts of academic health centers and managed care organizations.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Patients with HIV/AIDS: physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and referral practices.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated Massachusetts family physicians' current care and referral practices with respect to HIV/AIDS patients and examined actors that might influence family physicians in referring these patients to specialists. Educational opportunities for physicians with regard to HIV were also examined. METHODS: In 1994, a 2-page survey was mailed to the 468 members of the Massachusetts Academy of Family Physicians. The survey questionnaire examined such factors as whether the respondents were teaching or nonteaching, rural or urban; number of years since medical school or residency training; and knowledge and attitudes with regard to HIV/AIDS patients. The data were analyzed using Student's t test, chi-square, and correlation analysis. RESULTS: Usable responses were returned by 281 (60%) of the physicians surveyed. Of these, 65% reported having HIV patients in their practice, and 46% reported having AIDS patients was being managed alone by 53% of these physicians, and 11% managed their patients with AIDS. Physicians providing care for HIV/AIDS patients were more likely to be practicing in urban locations, have three or more HIV/AIDS patients in their practice, or recently graduated from residency. Additionally, they were more likely to be involved in residency teaching programs. Those who did not care for HIV/AIDS patients felt less knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS care, and felt that they had no time in their practice to care for this population of patients. Physicians with HIV patients learn more about HIV care from their colleagues than those without HIV patients. CONCLUSIONS: Family physicians are increasingly seeing HIV/AIDS patients in their offices. The majority are continually caring for these patients, either by themselves or co-managing their care with a specialist. Local CME programs relying on colleagues and community resources to discuss management of these patients may be one of the best ways of ensuring that increasing numbers of family physicians obtain the appropriate knowledge to care for these patients within their own communities.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Documenting resident procedure and diagnostic experience: simplifying the process.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Residency Review Committee (RRC) requires documentation of family practice residents' procedural and diagnostic experiences. Further, hospital privileging is frequently based on documentation of prior clinical experience. Residency programs need a user-friendly (ie, resident-friendly) mechanism for collecting data and generating reports to document these experiences. This paper outlines a simplified, user-friendly method of documenting resident procedural and diagnostic experiences. METHODS: We developed a pocket-sized, optically scannable card for data input. This is coupled with a computerized database with report generation capability. The system is based on diagnostic clusters to further simplify the data input process. RESULTS: The system's setup costs are about $10,000. Annual maintenance and operational fees are about $5,000. After instituting the system, the number of residents submitting documentation information increased substantially. CONCLUSIONS: This system meets both RRC and potential clinical privileging requirements and provides a useful tool for guiding resident evaluation and developing appropriate training opportunities during the latter half of the residency. Simplified, accurate documentation may allow for comparisons among residents at various levels--program, state, and national.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance imaging use by primary care physicians.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently been introduced in the United States as an imaging technique for clinical use. Initially used by neurologists to view the brain stem, its indications have rapidly expanded to include spine, pelvis, bone marrow, and joints. This has raised concerns over the appropriate, cost-effective use of such an expensive technology. This paper examines MRI scanning patterns that have developed over time in central Massachusetts and surveys primary care knowledge, attitudes, and patterns of utilization. METHODS: The two MRI centers in central Massachusetts were surveyed for information about the number and types of scans ordered and the specialties of the physicians who ordered the scans. Questionnaires were sent to primary care physicians in Worcester County to assess knowledge and attitudes about MRI and utilization. RESULTS: The data demonstrate changing patterns of MRI utilization over time. Orthopedics has been the specialty with the greatest increase in use, now slightly surpassing neurology in the total number of scans ordered. Primary care physician use has doubled over this same period. Not all primary care physicians utilize MRI, but those who have used the technology have familiarized themselves with its indications and problems and have a better knowledge about its costs. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization patterns of MRI have changed considerably in a short time, with primary care physicians requesting use of this new technology much more frequently than when it was first introduced.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1992

A survey of formal training in the care of children in family practice residency programs.

BACKGROUND: Declining hospitalization rates for children and an increased emphasis on ambulatory care may be affecting the way family practice residency programs train their residents in the care of children. METHODS: We surveyed all US family practice residency program directors to determine the nature of the child care training that programs currently provide to residents. RESULTS: Responses were received from 78% of the programs. Residencies required a mean of 5.2 months of formal pediatric training (range: 1 to 11 months). Thirty percent of programs noted a declining inpatient census on inpatient pediatric teaching services, but since 1978, the mean duration of inpatient pediatric training increased by 0.4 months to a required mean of 2.7 months of general pediatric inpatient training (range: 0 to 6 months). The mean time devoted to structured outpatient pediatric training was only 1.6 months (range: 0 to 6 months). Nine percent of responding programs required no formal pediatric outpatient training other than family health center experience. CONCLUSIONS: Despite declining inpatient census and increased emphasis on comprehensive ambulatory care, family practice residencies require more formal inpatient pediatric training than formal outpatient training.

Ambulatory Care↗