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Biomedical subjects

R A Appell

Publications and source records attributed to R A Appell.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Vasectomy: etiology of infectious complications.

Semen was cultured prior to vasectomy for voluntary sterilization. Postvasectomy infectious complications occurred only in patients with positive preoperative semen cultures. The offending pathogen was the same organism found in the semen culture. This evidence for an endogenous cause of postoperative vasectomy infections suggests that a semen culture and antimicrobial sensitivity be obtained prior to vasectomy. In this manner the correct antimicrobial agent can be instituted as an aid to rapid resolution of a postvasectomy infection.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1980

Occult bacterial colonization of bladder tumors.

Urine cultures were done 24 hours after endoscopic procedures on the lower urinary tract in patients known to have sterile urine before the procedures. The occurrence of bacteriuria, defined as more than 10(5) colonies per milliliter, was significantly higher after resection of bladder tumors than after procedures for benign disease (p less than 0.01). Bacteriuria occurred after routine endoscopic procedures in 4.7 per cent of the patients, after transurethral resection of the prostate in 11.2 per cent and after resection of bladder tumors in 38.9 per cent. Resected tumors were homogenized and cultured, and the same organism was found as in the postoperative urine culture. The presence of bacteria in the tumors may be explained by alteration of the bladder defense mechanism with the established malignancy acting as a privileged site for bacterial growth. Manipulation of the tumor during the procedure may disperse the bacteria and establish an endogenous inoculum for the necrotic tissue left in the bladder as a result of electroresection and cautery.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1980

The effects of epidural anesthesia on the urethral closure pressure profile in patients with prostatic enlargement.

In 10 patients with obstructive manifestations of prostatic enlargement the urethral closure pressure profile was observed before and after the effective blockade of thoracolumbar sympathetic outflow by epidural anesthesia. While epidural anesthesia significantly decreased urethral closure pressure considerable profile responses still remained in these patients. This fact suggests that the bulk of the prostatic tissue is responsible for the bladder outlet obstruction, since urethral closure pressure persists despite urethral smooth and skeletal muscular relaxation as a result of epidural anesthesia. After transurethral resection of the prostatic tissue in these patients the urethral closure pressure did decrease to zero. The result of the prostatic resection is to decrease the urethral closure pressure and, thereby, increase the efficiency of voiding.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1980

Medical aspects of the Confederacy (1861--1865).

In military philosophy injured soldiers are a greater liability to the opposition than dead men, and there was no greater example of this than during the War Between the States. The state of the art of Southern medicine in the 1860s, as well as the military circumstances and politics of the day are discussed to discern the effectiveness of the medical care provided. Useful medicomilitary procedures, as well as an increase in medical knowledge, did emerge from this struggle and deserve acknowledgment.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Medical writing.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

United Kingdom↗
PubMed1978

The effect of temperature on sperm motility. II. Is bacterial growth a factor?

The previous demonstration that sperm kept at body temperature (37 degrees C) had a marked deterioration in motility accompanied by an overgrowth of bacteria in the semen and a concomitant decrease in pH led to this study to test the hypothesis that the decrease in motility was caused by the bacteria or by bacterial alteration of seminal pH. Semen specimens from fertile prevasectomy patients with and without added antibiotics were maintained at 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C and evaluated at 3, 12, and 18 hours after collection. There was still a significant deterioration in spermatozoal motility in the samples kept at 37 degrees C even when bacterial growth and change in pH were prevented by buffered antibiotics. Although the decrease in spermatozoal motility at body temperature may in part be attributed to bacterial growth or the products of bacterial metabolism, clearly another factor is present related to time and temperature and independent of the presence of bacteria.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

The effect of temperature on sperm motility and viability.

Semen specimens from fertile prevasectomy patients maintained at 4 degrees, 20 degrees, and 37 degrees C were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, and 18 hours after collection. Sperm viability, assessed by eosin-nigrosin stain, and motility decreased with time at 20 degrees and 37 degrees C, but at a significantly higher rate at 37 degrees C (where the motility was halved by 12 hours). The slope of the decrease in viability closely paralleled that of the motility except at 4 degrees C, where motility was nearly absent at 6 hours but viability was retained through 18 hours. Bacterial counts rose markedly and the pH fell at 37 degrees C, which may explain the decrease in motility and viability. It is clear from this study that semen should be kept at room temperature (20 degrees C) and not at 37 degrees C if there is to be any delay in its analysis, or a falsely lowered motility will result.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1977

The effect of temperature on the motility and viability of sperm.

In specimens of semen kept at 37 degrees C sperm lose their motility and viability. If kept at 4 degrees C they retain their viability but lose their motility from so-called thermal shock. The best temperature to keep semen in order to preserve sperm motility is 20 degrees C. Loss of motility at 37 degrees C is not entirely prevented by prevention of bacterial contamination with antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗