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Biomedical subjects

Q Yu

Publications and source records attributed to Q Yu.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

FGF-2 induces surfactant protein gene expression in foetal rat lung epithelial cells through a MAPK-independent pathway.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play important roles in diverse aspects of animal development including mammalian lung epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation, and branching morphogenesis. We developed an in vitro lung epithelial cell culture system to study functions and mechanisms of FGFs in regulating growth and differentiation of primary foetal rat lung epithelial cells. In comparison with other growth factors such as IGF-I, EGF, and HGF, FGFs were the most potent mitogens in stimulating lung epithelial cell proliferation. In the presence of FGF-1, 2, or 7, the primary lung epithelial cells could be propagated for generations and grown for more than two mo in vitro. Among the three FGFs tested, FGF-7 showed the strongest stimulation in cell growth. FGF-2, on the other hand, is the most effective inducer of lung epithelial cell-specific surfactant protein gene expression (SP-A, -B, and -C). FGF-2 upregulated SP-C expression in a dose-dependent manner. More interestingly, the induction of surfactant protein gene expression by FGF-2 appeared to be independent of MAPK pathway, since the SP-C expression was not inhibited but rather augmented by MEK1 inhibitor which inhibited MAPK activation and cell proliferation. Similar effects were observed for the expressions of surfactant protein genes SP-A and SP-B. In contrast to MAPK, FGF-2-induced SP-C expression was partially inhibited by PI 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. These data suggest dynamic roles and complex signalling mechanisms of FGFs in regulating lung epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. While a MAPK-dependent pathway is essential for all three FGFs to stimulate cell proliferation, a MAPK-independent pathway may be responsible for the FGF-2-induced surfactant protein gene expression. PI 3-kinase may play an important role in mediating FGF-2-induced lung epithelial cell differentiation during development.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase LAR induces apoptosis by dephosphorylating and destabilizing p130Cas.

BACKGROUND: LAR is a transmembrane receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). Genetic studies of Drosophila LAR suggest that LAR may function to regulate cell adhesions or adhesion-mediated signal transduction. The over-expression of LAR in mammalian tissue culture cells does not affect cell adhesion but induces caspase-dependent apoptosis. This study investigates molecular mechanisms of LAR-induced apoptosis by searching for in vivo substrates of LAR which are responsible for LAR-induced apoptosis. RESULTS: The over-expression of LAR in tissue culture cells specifically decreased the steady state protein level of p130Cas, a multifunctional signal assembly protein in signal transduction, by reducing the tyrosine phosphorylation and protein stability of p130Cas. The reduction of p130Cas protein level could be inhibited by tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. Phosphatase domain-deleted mutant LARs had no effect on p130Cas. LAR also preferentially dephosphorylated p130Cas in vitro. Subcellularly, LAR and p130Cas were co-localized along stress fibres and at focal adhesions. LAR over-expression eliminated p130Cas from focal adhesions without affecting focal adhesion assembly. Restoring the level of p130Cas alleviated LAR-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: p130Cas is an in vivo substrate of LAR. LAR specifically dephosphorylates and destabilizes p130Cas and may play a role in regulating cell adhesion-mediated cell survival. The function of p130Cas in focal adhesions may not be to regulate focal adhesion assembly and cell adhesion but rather to transduce the cell adhesion-generated signals which are essential for cell survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Total synthesis of (-)-incrustoporin.

(-)-Incrustoporin (1) has been synthesized using aldol condensation of ethyl p-tolyl-acetate (2) and (2R)-benzoyloxy-butanal (3), followed by acid-catalyzed deprotection of the benzoyl group, lactone ring-closure, and elimination of the beta-OH in a one-pot manner. The aldehyde 3 was prepared from the commercially available D-mannitol by a two-directional strategy.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1999

gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) deficiency in the GGTenu1 mouse results from a single point mutation that leads to a stop codon in the first coding exon of GGT mRNA.

GGTenul, a recently described genetic murine model of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) deficiency, was induced by the point mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The phenotype of systemic GGT deficiency suggested a mutation site within the cDNA coding region which is common in all GGT transcripts. To identify this site, total lung and kidney RNA was isolated from normal and mutant mice, amplified by RT-PCR using GGT-specific primers, cloned as two overlapping approximately 1 kb GGT cDNA fragments, sequenced and compared with that in the literature. A single base pair substitution was identified in the coding region at position 237, where thymidine became adenine, and this mutation replaced a leucine codon, TTG, with a termination codon, TAG. This mutation site was confirmed in mutant genomic DNA by PCR using primers that flanked the predicted site and spanned the intron between the common GGT non-coding exon and the first GGT coding exon. This PCR product was sequenced directly with the secondary 3' PCR primer, the mutation site identified and the protocol then utilized to genotype animals. In addition to this mutation, the steady-state level of GGT mRNA in mutant kidney is reduced 3-fold compared with the control. Heterodimeric GGT protein is not detectable by western blot in either whole kidney homogenate or a microsomal membrane fraction. The steady-state mRNA level of gamma-glutatmyl cysteinyl synthetase was unchanged in mutant mice compared with normal, but that of heme oxygenase-1 and Cu,Zn-SOD was induced 4- and 3-fold, respectively. Hence, the GGTenul mouse model of GGT deficiency results from a single point mutation in the first coding exon of GGT mRNA and the resulting impairment in glutathione turnover induces oxidative stress in the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Combinatorial screening and intracellular antiviral activity of hairpin ribozymes directed against hepatitis B virus.

A combinatorial screening method has been used to identify hairpin ribozymes that inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in transfected human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. A hairpin ribozyme library (5 x 10(5) variants) containing a randomized substrate-binding domain was used to identify accessible target sites within 3.3 kb of full-length in vitro-transcribed HBV pregenomic RNA. Forty potential target sites were found within the HBV pregenomic RNA, and 17 sites conserved in all four subtypes of HBV were chosen for intracellular inhibition experiments. Polymerase II and III promoter expression constructs for corresponding hairpin ribozymes were generated and cotransfected into HCC cells together with a replication-competent dimer of HBV DNA. Four ribozymes inhibited HBV replication by 80, 69, 66, and 49%, respectively, while catalytically inactive mutant forms of these ribozymes affected HBV replication by 36, 28, 0, and 0%. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effects on HBV replication were largely mediated by the catalytic activity of the ribozymes. In conclusion, we have identified catalytically active RNAs by combinatorial screening that mediate intracellular antiviral effects on HBV.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1999

Purging of contaminating breast cancer cells from hematopoietic stem cell grafts by adenoviral GAL-TEK gene therapy and magnetic antibody cell separation.

The presence of contaminating tumor cells in autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell (PB-SC) preparations increase the likelihood of relapse in women receiving transplants for metastatic breast cancer. We describe a new technique for purging breast cancer cells (BCCs) that combines two independent strategies: (a) the specific enrichment of CD34+ progenitor stem cells by magnetic antibody cell separation (MACS), and then (b) infection of the contaminating BCCs with a recombinant adGAL-TEK marker/suicide gene adenovirus (ad-v), followed by the addition of ganciclovir (GCV). Infection with this ad-v results in three to four times greater expression of ad-v-delivered reporter gene in BCCs than in CD34+ cells. In addition -2 h, -low multiplicity of infection (50:1) adGAL-TEK infections of BCC lines (MCF-7 and BT474) eradicated >99% of BCCs after 72 h of exposure to 20 microM GCV. However, exposure to both adenovirus and GCV at the MOIs and doses used had little effect on hematopoietic stem cells to form colonies in colony-forming unit assays. adGAL-TEK infection in our model system (10(3)-10(5) BCCs added into 10(7) HSCs) also resulted in the 3 to 5 log eradication of clonogenic BCCs after the addition of GCV. MACS enrichment/purification of CD34+ cells from PB-SC contaminated with 2 x 10(6) to 5 x 10(7) BCCs followed by adGAL-TEK infection and GCV addition resulted in 5-7-log depletion of clonogenic BCCs as well as enrichment of CD34+ progenitor cells to >98%, with the recovery of >70% of hematopoietic stem cells. This adenoviral purging system is so robust that poor MACS purification, resulting in 1.5-log depletion of BCCs, still permits excellent ad-v infection and BCC killing.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1999

[The profile of low bone mass in amenorrhea with elevated follicle stimulating hormone].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the characteristics of low bone mass in amenorrhea with elevated follicle stimulating hormone(FSH). METHODS: Amenorrhea patients with elevated FSH: primary amenorrhea (PA) 18 cases, secondary amenorrhea (SA), 171 cases and age matched control with normal menstruation (Nor) 180 cases. The descriptive parameters were: estradiol (E2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urinary excretion of calcium to creatinine ratio (Ca/Cr), the cortical bone mineral density (CBMD) at right radius measured by single photon absorptimetry (SPA) and the trabecular bone mineral density (TBMD) at lumbar vertebra body measured by quantitative computerized tomography (QCT). RESULTS: The experiment had shown the average E2 level in amenorrhea patients to be < 150 pmol/L. Significantly higher ALP and Ca/Cr values than the Nor group. In the SA group, the CBMD value was (655 +/- 69) mg/cm2, which was significantly lower than the Nor group's value of (677 +/- 56) mg/cm2 (3.2% lower, P < 0.01). The TBMD value is (145 +/- 26) mg/cm3, which is significantly lower than the Nor group's value of (192 +/- 28) mg/cm3 (24.5%, P < 0.001). The disparity with the Nor group was even greater in the PA group (11.1% and 35.7% lower, respectively). The BMD of the amenorrhea patients were negatively linearly correlated with their amenorrhea age. CONCLUSIONS: The serum estradiol level in amenorrhea patients with high FSH was so low that their bone turnover was increased which led to the insufficient bone accumulation and dramatically dropping of TBMD. Its extent was related to the initial age and the duration of ovarian failure.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1999

[The medialis pedis flap based on the medial fasciocutaneous branches of the dorsal pedal artery].

OBJECTIVE: This is to report the design and application of the medialis pedis flap. METHODS: Based on the medial fasciocutaneous branches of the dorsal pedal artery, a medialis pedis flap can be raised. The flap had been used in 18 patients with soft tissue defects of the dorsum pedis, ankle region, lower leg or hand. RESULTS: The anatomic observation of the blood supply to the medial region of the foot showed that a constant distribution of fasciocutaneous branches issued from the dorsal pedal artery was an important blood supply to this area. All flaps used in the 18 patients survived completely with satisfactory results and minimal morbidity at the donor site. CONCLUSION: We believe that the medial fasciocutaneous branches of the dorsal pedal artery are the reliable pedicle of the medialis pedis flap. The flap is useful for reconstruction of the soft tissue defects around the foot, ankle, lower leg or hand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Determination of 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, a major metabolite of nabumetone, in human plasma by HPLC].

This paper reports a sensitive and rapid method for determining 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (MNA), a major metabolite of nabumetone in human plasma using naproxen as the internal standard. High performance liquid chromatograph model 680 (Waters, USA) with a variable wavelength UV detector and reversed-phase YWG-C18 column (10 microns, 250 x 4.6 mm) was used. After the addition of acetate buffer(pH3.0), the plasma sample was extracted with methylene chloride. The mobile phase of methanol-pH3.0, 0.02 mol/L acetate buffer(74:26) was pumped at 1.0 ml/min through the column. The detector at 0.01AUFS was set at 270 nm. The retention times for MNA and naproxen were 3.98 min and 4.73 min respectively. Standard curve was linear in the concentration range of 0.5 to 64 mg/L. The detection limit in serum was 0.02 mg/L. Extraction recovery was 88%-94%; method recovery 96%-102%; withinday RSD less than 3.5%; inter-day RSD less than 5%.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1999

[Simultaneous determination of norepinephrine and epinephrime in plasma by using high performance liquid chromatograph].

A sensitive and rapid method was reported for the determination of nerepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) in plasma by using high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector (HPLC-EC) and YWG-C18 column(5u). 3,4-Dihydroxybenzylamine(DHBA) was used as an internal standard. The mobile phase of 0.05 mol/L actate buffer(pH3.0)-methanol-0.05 mol/L EDTA-Na2(78:20:2) with of 200 mg/L SDS solution was pumped through the column with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The lengths of retention time for NE, E and DHBA(IS) was 7.3 min, 8.3 min and 10.4 min, respectively. The standard curve was linear within the concentration range of 31.25 to 4000 ng/L for NE and E (NE: r = 0.9999 E: r = 0.9996). The within day RSD (%) were less than 1.87% for NE and less than 2.07% for E, inter-day RSD(%) were less than 8.92% for NE and less than 9.65% for E respectively. The average extraction recovery(%) for NE and E were 93.5% +/- 5.50% and 91.3% +/- 1.77% respectively. This method has been applied to the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and clinical research.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

[CT findings of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the head and neck].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristic CT findings of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in head and neck. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with the head and neck NHL consisted of 23 males and 13 females, median 49.2 years. All cases were categorized into two groups: extranodal and nodal NHL lesions. RESULTS: The extranodal NHL disease included 39 lesions (31 cases), and, the frequent head and neck sites of such lesions were Waldeyer's ring (n = 11), maxilla (n = 8), maxillofacial spaces (n = 7), salivery gland (n = 6), and others (n = 7). 30 lesions were soft tissue mass; 9 were mucosal thickening abnormality (including Waldeyer's ring in 6 lesions, maxilla in 2 lesions, and nasal cavity in one lesion). The majority of such extranodal NHL diseases were demonstrated on CT as non-necrosis (33 lesions) and uneven margin (26 lesions). Sixteen lymph node NHL lesions were composed of 6 NHL confined to neck lymph nodes and 10 combinations of nodal and extranodal NHL diseases. 5/6 of the former had the condition with rim enhancement, necrosis and confluent nodal mass. Of ten of the latter, 7 had the necrostic lesion with rim enhancement, and 3 had the lesion with confluent nodal mass. CONCLUSION: Multiple maxillofacial extranodal sites of soft tissue mass with the presence of non-necrosis and uneven margin should be considered as the characteristic sign of NHL disease in the head and neck. Most nodal NHL may have the lesion with necrosis and rim enhancement, and the confluent mass is commonly seen in NHL confined to the neck lymph nodes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[CT evaluation of the primary extracranial neoplastic diseases eroding the central skull base].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the central skull base erosion caused by primary extracranial mass lesions with CT. METHODS: Forty-nine patients (33 males and 16 females; mean, 40.2 years) suffered from the primary extracranial neoplastic diseases with middle skull base involvement were divided into two groups: group I (10 cases), primary osseous lesions of the central skull base and group II (39 cases), primary maxillofacial neoplasms. All lesions were confirmed histopathologically by surgery and biopsy. RESULTS: Four invasion patterns of the central skull base were identified on CT: I. resorption of the cortical bone (30 cases), including outer cortical margin destruction in 16 cases (group II lesions) and both inner and outer laminae resorption in 14 cases (4 group I lesions and 10 groups II lesions). II. ossification and thickening of the skull base (4 group I cases, all were fibrous dysplasia) III. erosive enlargement of the ovale and rotundam foramina (9 group II cases). IV. combined sclerosis and resorption of the skull base (6 cases, 2 group I lesions and 4 group II lesions). Involvement of the intracranial structures embraced the cavernous sinus (n = 12; group II lesions), temporal lobe (n = 11; 5 group I lesions and 6 group II lesions), and pituitary (n = 2, group II lesions). CT demonstrated the following central skull base structures were eroded: greater wing of sphenoid bone (n = 34), sphenoid body (n = 22), sphenoid process (n = 23), petrous bone (n = 15), and articular fossa of the temporal bone (n = 8). CONCLUSION: Osseous lesions originating from the central skull base have various CT manifestations. The cortical resorption of the central skull base may be regarded as a main pattern of bone erosion caused by primary maxillofacial neoplasms, and most of them have lesions involve the greater wing of sphenoid bone through the deeper maxillofacial spaces, such as the infratemporal, pterygopalatine and parapharyngeal spaces.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Study on early application of Chinese medicinal herbs after total gastrectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Chinese medicinal herbs on digestive function, nutritional status, immune function and complication rate in patients after total gastrectomy. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients of gastrectomy were divided into two groups and were intubated into small intestine for administering postoperatively. Twenty-one of them belonged to the treated group and were dripped with Chinese medicinal herbs intraluminally during the early postoperative stage, while 18 cases of the control group were dripped with 0.9% sodium chloride. RESULTS: The digestive function of the treated group recovered rapidly, and the nutritional status and immune function improved markedly as compared with those of the control group (P < 0.001-0.05). CONCLUSION: Early application of Chinese medicinal herbs after total gastrectomy could promote the digestive function to recover to normal, the nutritional status and immune function to improve. The occurrence of complication was reduced.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1999

[Humoral immune response in mice to hybrid nucleic acid vaccines containing Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 block 17-based gene].

AIM: To analyse the humoral immune response in mice to nucleic acid vaccines (VR1012/HG-MSP1-17 for intracellular expression or VR1012/TPA/HG-MSP-17 for secretion) containing Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) 17 block gene and gene fragment of several T cell epitopes from MSA1, MSA2, RESA, IL-1 and TT. METHODS: BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice received three times intramuscular immunization with 200 micrograms/100 microliters or 100 micrograms/100 microliters of VR1012/HG-MSP1-17 or VR1012/TPA/HG-MSP1-17 per mouse each time. Anti-HG or anti-MSP1-17 antibodies were monitored by indirect ELISA. RESULTS: BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice immunized with 100 micrograms/100 microliters of VR1012/HG-MSP1-17 per mouse raised significantly anti-HG and anti-MSP1-17 antibodies, but the levels of antibodies were not high. BALB/c mice immunized with 200 micrograms/100 microliters of VR1012/HG-MSP1-17 per mouse raised higher anti-HG antibodies but not anti-MSP1-17 antibodies. BALB/c mice immunized with 200 micrograms/100 microliters of VR1012/TPA/HG-MSP1-17 per mouse raised low level of anti-HG antibodies only. CONCLUSION: VR1012/HG-MSP1-17 is more immunogenic than VR1012/TPA/HG-MSP1-17.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Analyses of central serous chorioretinopathy from indocyanine green angiography].

PURPOSE: To compare and analyse the characters of Indocyanine Green Angiography (ICGA) and Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) and explore its pathological significance. METHOD: 35 cases of CSCR were examed with Heidelberg Retina Angiography. Simultaneous images of ICGA and FFA were analysed. RESULTS: Among the 35 cases, 29(83%) revealed more lesions in ICGA than in FFA. The lesions appeared in FFA were all associated with ICGA changes. CONCLUSION: The increasing of choroid hyperpermeability is an early change, which causes the overlying RPE dysfunction and structural damage. Some points related to the laser and medical treatment to CSCR were also discussed.

Angiography↗
PubMed1999

[Analysis of surgical reconstructions of canal and middle ear via "direct entrance" approach in 53 ears with congenital aural atresia].

OBJECTIVE: To recognize the indication of surgical reconstruction via the "direct entrance" surgical approach (superoanterior surgical approach) for congenital atresia of the external acoustic canal and malformations of the middle ear. METHODS: A series of 53 ears operated on via the superoanterior surgical approach during 10 years from January 1988 to December 1997 was analyzed. RESULTS: The tympanic cavity was encountered without difficulty in 52 ears. Facial paralysis occurred postoperatively in one ear, which recovered after two months. The hearing improvement was observed in 45 ears (84.9%), of which 24 ears had hearing improvement greater than 30 dB and the air-bone conduction gap was within 15 dB (45.3%). A long-term (1-9 years) follow-up of 25 ears demonstrated that the hearing levels in 18 ears were kept unchanged. Postoperative stenosis of the canal occurred in one ear of a 2 years-old child. CONCLUSION: Based on the scanning images of the temporal bone by high-resolution computed tomography before the operation, the authors classified the bony structures of the paths of external acoustic canals into four types. Our results indicated that the selerotic and the diploetic paths of external acoustic cmeati could be indications for the "direct entrance" surgical approach, whereas the mixed type, either containing a little small cells or diploetic bone in sclerotic bone, might be suitable for this surgical approach also.

Adolescent↗