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Biomedical subjects

Q Yang

Publications and source records attributed to Q Yang.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Transurethral incision compared with transurethral resection of the prostate for bladder outlet obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

PURPOSE: Transurethral prostatic resection is the gold standard surgical treatment in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of bladder outlet obstruction but it has also been related to some risks, such as a relatively high rate of blood transfusion, sexual function problems and so forth. Transurethral prostatic incision is a simpler and less invasive procedure than transurethral prostatic resection. However, it is underused. We systematically reviewed all published randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of transurethral prostatic incision with standard transurethral prostatic resection for bladder outlet obstruction and performed a meta-analysis of the available relevant data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine randomized controlled trials comparing the treatment effectiveness of transurethral prostatic resection and transurethral prostatic incision were identified, evaluated and reviewed in a meta-analysis. The quality of these studies was also appraised. RESULTS: Each treatment achieved clear improvements in subjective and objective outcomes. The improvement in symptoms was equivalent 12 months postoperatively for transurethral prostatic incision and resection. For maximum flow rate transurethral prostatic resection resulted in greater improvement than transurethral prostatic incision. However, transurethral prostatic incision had several advantages over transurethral prostatic resection, such as lower incidence of complications, fewer blood transfusions, decreased risk of retrograde ejaculation, and shorter operative time and hospital stay. Also, the treatments had an equivalent incidence of postoperative catheterization duration and reoperation rate within the first 12 months. Furthermore, patients in each group had a similar subjective view of the treatments received. CONCLUSIONS: In the first 12 months after surgery transurethral prostatic incision has effectiveness that is equivalent to transurethral prostatic resection for treating patients with suspected benign prostatic obstruction who have a relatively small prostate. However, there is little evidence on the relative long-term effectiveness of the 2 treatments 2 to 5 or 10 years after surgery. There is no clear cutoff point for prostate size that leads to good results after transurethral prostatic incision. A large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trial is now required to evaluate comprehensively the effectiveness, impact on quality of life and overall cost of transurethral prostatic incision compared with transurethral prostatic resection.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

The value of apparent diffusion coefficient maps in early cerebral ischemia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prediction of the regions of the ischemic penumbra that are likely to progress to infarction is of great clinical interest. Whether lowered apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were present in the ischemic penumbra of patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke and were specific to regions of the penumbra that proceeded to infarction was investigated. METHODS: Nineteen patients with hemispheric stroke of less than 6 hours' onset and with acute scans showing a perfusion lesion greater than a diffusion lesion (ischemic penumbra) were studied. Scans also were performed subacutely (days 3 to 5) and at outcome (day 90). The outcome scan was used to identify regions of the penumbra that proceeded to infarction. RESULTS: The ADC ratios were significantly reduced (P <.00001) in regions of the penumbra that progressed to infarction on the outcome scan compared with those that remained normal. In regions that showed transition to infarction, the mean ADC ratios were typically 0.75 to 0.90. CONCLUSION: Intermediate ADC values are present in the ischemic penumbra and are indicative of tissue at risk of infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Effect of thinking on intracranial blood flow velocities.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of thinking on intracranial blood flow velocities. METHODS: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was used to measure the blood flow velocities of the cerebral arteries, when 10 normal persons were at rest and during thinking. RESULTS: The mean flow velocities (MFVs) of the cerebral arteries during thinking were significantly higher than those at rest, especially in the MCA and ACA. The MFVs were raised from between 10.3% to 14.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Thinking can increase the blood flow velocities of cerebral arteries significantly.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed2001

Antinociceptive effect of astragalosides and its mechanism of action.

AIM: To study the effect and mechanism of astragalosides (AST) related to the antinociceptive activity. METHODS: The standardized formalin test was performed to induce the direct stimulation of nociceptors followed by inflammatory process in the Kunming strain mice. The involvement of opioid and nitric oxide was studied by subcutaneous injection of morphine with/without naloxone 30 min before formalin test, or peritoneal injection of L-arginine with/without L-NAME 20 min before formalin. RESULTS: AST 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg significantly lowered pain score of the second phase of formalin response as compared with control group (P<0.01). The maximum analgesic effect of AST 40 mg/kg was found at 4 h after the administration of AST (34.4 % inhibition at the second phase). Injection of morphine 5 mg/kg significantly inhibited pain response of both phases (P<0.01) and this was reversed by naloxone 2 mg/kg (P<0.01). However, naloxone did not alter the effect of AST on the second phase. Antinociceptive effect of AST 40 mg/kg was partially blocked by L-arginine 400 or 800 mg/kg (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: AST has an antinociceptive effect on formalin test in mice that is not mediated by the endogenous opioid system but related to its inhibitory effect on the production of NO.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic↗
PubMed2001

Clinicopathological significance of fragile histidine triad transcription protein expression in breast carcinoma.

The fragile histidine triad (Fhit) gene, which is frequently lost in many cancers, was identified as a candidate tumor suppressor gene at chromosome 3p locus 14.2. Loss of Fhit expression is an important step in tumor progression from premalignancy, to in situ, to invasive breast carcinoma. To determine whether the absence of Fhit protein correlates with other established pathological-clinical parameters or prognosis, we assessed Fhit expression using immunohistochemistry in 166 invasive breast carcinomas. Lost or significantly decreased Fhit protein expression was identified in 70 cases (42.2%). Fhit expression was inversely correlated with histological grade (P < 0.0001), negative estrogen receptor status (P = 0.0016), p53 overexpression (P = 0.0040), and tumor proliferation activity (P = 0.0006). Survival curves determined by the Kaplan-Meier method and univariate analysis demonstrated that reduced expression of Fhit was associated with a poor outcome (P = 0.0086, by log-rank test). Multivariate analysis using the stepwise Cox proportional hazard model showed that lymph node metastasis was related to poor survival rates; in addition, patients with loss of Fhit expression still tended to have poor survival (P = 0.0563). Therefore, loss of Fhit expression is associated with higher malignant phenotypes and appears to be a prognostic factor in breast carcinoma.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed2001

[Effect of Shajiang black soil amended by coal fly ash on ecological factors and residue of heavy metal in wheat field].

The effect of Shajiang black soil amended by coal fly ash on ecological factors in wheat field and residua of Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and As were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that applying coal fly ash into Shajiang black soil could decrease soil density, soil proportion and clay content, but increase soil porosity, filtration coefficient and soil temperature. Moreover, it could promote water evaporating when soil moisture was high and keep soil water when lower than 10%. It also could facilitate activity of soil micro-organism and promote soil nutrient transforming. With (6-18) x 10(4) kg.hm-2 coal fly ash applied in Shajiang black soil, the accumulated quantity of Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and As in soil and in wheat grain were lower than international standard index of pollution. Therefor, Shajiang black soil amended by coal fly ash was safe and reliable within the above range.

Coal↗
PubMed2001

Treatment of hepatic failure with artificial liver support system.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of artificial liver support system (ALSS) treatment in patients with hepatic failure. METHODS: 235 cases of hepatic failure were treated with ALSS in our hospital. All data were analyzed by SPSS. The effectiveness of ALSS treatment was compared according to different stages (i.e., early, middle and end stages). RESULTS: 108 patients survived after therapy of ALSS. After each ALSS treatment, the liver function of these patients was greatly improved, the serum endotoxin and HBV-DNA concentrations were significantly decreased, and the serum concentration of aromatic amino acids (AAA) such as methionine decreased while the ratio of branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids (BCAA/AAA ratio) increased; patients treated with ALSS in the early or middle stages of disease had much higher survival rates than patients in the end stage of disease. CONCLUSION: ALSS is a reliable therapy for advanced liver diseases and treatment at early or middle stages is appropriate.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Gene expression of glucose transporters and its regulation by glucose in mesothelial cells.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of glucose on the expression of glucose transporters (GluTs) in peritoneal tissues. METHODS: Mesothelial cells (MsCs) from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were cultured in medium with glucose 214.4 mmol/L or 75.5 mmol/L. The normal medium with glucose 17.5 mmol/L was used as control. Total RNA was extracted from each sample after 24 hours incubation. Reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed with primers corresponding to sodium-glucose transporter (SGIT1) and GluT1-GluT4. mRNA expression of the above GluTs from each sample was measured with quantitative PCR. RESULTS: GluT1 and GluT2 mRNA can be detected in MsCs from SD rats, while no positive bands can be found specifically for GluT3, GluT4 and SGiT1. Quantitating the amount of PCR products indicated that the levels of GluT1 mRNA in MsCs cultured 24 h in both 214.4 mmol/L glucose and 75.5 mmol/L glucose medium decreased dramatically compared with that in normal medium (P < or = 0.01). While under the same conditions, the levels of GluT2 mRNA in MsCs cultured 24 h in 214.4 mmol/L and 75.5 mmol/L glucose medium both increased significantly (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: GluT1 is strongly expressed in MsCs under normal glucose levels and decreased dramatically under high glucose conditions, while GluT2 expressed at a low level in normal medium and increased greatly after incubation in high glucose conditions. This may play a great role in glucose absorption during peritoneal dialysis and have some connection with ultrafiltration failure due to the alteration of glucose absorption after long-term dialysis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Some issues on assessing natural capital of environment and ecosystems].

Many researchers recently have paid attentions to analyzing ecosystem services and assessing natural capital stocks of environment and ecosystems. However, some works failed to make a distinction among the concepts, to evaluate the value and merit of ecosystems, and to integrate assessment approaches. This paper attempts to calibrate those deviations and to present new paradigm for monetary evaluation of ecosystem services and its capital stocks. Firstly, capital value of environment and ecosystems as well as species' value should be evaluated. Secondly, new comprehensive paradigm should be employed to assess the service value of environment and ecosystems, which integrates type and regional models. Thirdly, special attentions should be paid to patterns of natural capital of environment and ecosystems due to their spatial and temporal accumulations and flows. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for assessing natural capital.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2001

[Treatment of ion-exchange monosodium glutamate wastewater by yeast].

Two strains of yeasts, Candida halophila and Rhodotorula glutinis, were acquired through screening from ion-exchange monosodium glutamate wastewater (IEMGW) which was characterized by its high contents of COD (40,690 mg/L), NH(4+)-N (16,914 mg/L) and SO(4)2- (18,000 mg/L). The mixture of the two species had a good COD removal performance for treating IEMGW in a pH rang of 4-9. The yeast technology was superior to the conventional activated sludge in terms of COD removal and COD decomposition rate, In a dilution rate range of wastewater from 1:1 to 1:9, a COD removal of 84.5% and an average COD decomposition rate of over 1.0 kg/(kg.d) were obtained under an initial pH of 4.

Candida↗
PubMed2001

[Current responses mediated by endogenous GABA(B) and GABA(C) receptors in Xenopus oocytes].

The properties of GABA-activated current in Xenopus oocytes and its underlying mechanism were studied using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. External application of GABA (10(-10) - 10(-3)mol/L) induced a concentration-dependent outward current in a proportion of oocytes (35.5%, 55/155). Selective GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline (10(-5) mol/L) did not block the GABA-activated current (n=6). However, 2-hydroxysaclofen (10(-4) mol/L), a GABA(B) receptor antagonist, reversed the GABA-activated outward current to an inward current (n=9), which was abolished completely by application of I4AA (10(-5) mol/L), a GABA(C) receptor selective antagonist (n=6). In 20% (12/60) of oocytes, application of baclofen (10(-10) - 10(-4) mol/L), a GABA(B) receptor agonist, also induced a concentration-dependent outward current 2-Hydroxysaclofen at the concentrations of 3 x 10(-6), 3 x 10(-5) and 3 x 10(-4) mol/L blocked the baclofen(10(-5) mol/L)-activated outward current by (6.3+/-3.2) %, (44.1+/-2.2) %, and (86.0+/-1.6) %, respectively (n=6). The reversal potential for baclofen-activated current was around 96.8+/-7.2 mV (n=6), and the baclofen-activated current could be blocked by TEA (n=5) and Ba(2+) (n=5). These results suggest that there exist endogenous GABA receptors, GABA(B) receptors mediating a slow and sustained outward current and GABA(C) receptors mediating an inward current in follicular Xenopus oocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The pro-apoptotic protein, Bik, exhibits potent antitumor activity that is dependent on its BH3 domain.

The Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain is present in most members of the Bcl-2 protein family and is required to confer the death-inducing properties of pro-apoptotic members, including Bax, Bak, Bad, and Bik, in cell-based assay systems. To determine whether the BH3 domain possesses a similar role in tumor tissues in vivo, we overexpressed the wild-type Bik protein and its BH3-deleted counterpart, using adenoviral technology, in chemoresistant human tumor prostate (PC-3) and colon (HT-29) cell lines growing in vitro and in vivo. Bik caused apoptosis in both PC-3 and HT-29 cells in vitro by inducing the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm, resulting in the catalytic activation of caspases 9, 7, and 3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA fragmentation. When the BH3 domain was deleted from the Bik protein, no effect on mitochondrial activity or cell morphology could be observed. Furthermore, intratumoral injection of an adenovirus vector expressing the Bik gene, but not the deleted BH3 Bik gene, suppressed the growth of PC-3 and HT-29 xenografts established in nude mice. Histological examination of tumors from mice treated with the wild-type Bik adenoviral construct demonstrated cellular debris, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling positive staining, and morphological changes associated with apoptosis. In contrast, tissue sections obtained from tumors treated with the BH3-deleted Bik adenoviral construct showed no evidence of apoptosis. Thus, our results suggest that the BH3 domain is required for the antitumor activity of the Bik protein and provides a novel therapeutic approach for cancer therapy.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2001

[Vowel selection effects on the parameters of acoustic analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if there is difference about the parameters of acoustic analysis with the different vowel |a|, |i|, |ae| and decide which vowels is best fitted to the acoustic analysis. METHOD: 40 normal and 130 pathologic voice patients accepted acoustic analysis. Each acoustic parameters such as jitter, shimmer, NNE, SDF0, SNR were compared with different vowels. RESULT: Jitter, shimmer, NNE with |i| were much lower than that with |a| and |ae| in normal cases and light hoarseness group. While the acoustic parameters with |i| were much higher than that with |a| and |ae| in moderate and heavy hoarseness group. CONCLUSION: |a| and |ae| were the preferred vowels for normal and light hoarseness group, while the |i| could supply some useful suggestion for the moderate and heavy hoarse patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[The relationship between acoustic analysis and auditory assessment].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between acoustic analysis and auditory assessment of hoarseness. METHOD: 24 normal and 154 cases of pathological voice were included in this research. They were divided into 4 groups with different hoarseness and were accepted acoustic analysis. The parameters were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. RESULT: There were significant difference on acoustical parameters among each group excluding no difference of the jitter between normal and light hoarseness. NNE and SNR were the major parameters in descriptive of hoarseness. There were good correlation between 5 parameters and hoarseness assessment. CONCLUSION: Acoustic analysis is a useful method in clinical application to assess hoarseness with objective and simple advantage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Effects of cactus, alove veral, momorcica charantia on reducing the blood glucose of diabetic mice].

The effects of cactus, alove veral and momorcica charantia on reducing the blood glucose level of mice were observed. The diabetic model with no symptom in mice was established by injection of streptozotocin(STZ) 80 mg/kg BW into abdominal cavity for 11 days. The diabetic mice were randomly divided into 8 groups: STZ diabetic model, diet A, diet B, cactus, alove veral, momordica charantia and glyburide groups. Cactus (60 g/kg BW), alove veral (60 g/kg BW), and momordica charantia (30 g/kg BW) were administrated orally each day to the diabetic mice for another 21 days. Serum glucose of mice fasting for 12 hours and 2 hours after meal was determined with the method of glucose-oxidase at the 21th day of the experiment. The results showed that serum glucose levels of diabetic mice were significantly higher than the normal control group (P < 0.01). After giving diet A, cactus, alove veral and momorcica charantia juice for 21 days, the serum glucose concentration of these diabetic mice were significantly lower than STZ diabetic model group (P < 0.01) but still higher than the normal control group.

Aloe↗
PubMed2001

[Differences of anatomic variations in ostiomeatal complex between two sides of the deviated septum].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of the deviated septum on the development of ostiomeatal complex (OMC). METHODS: Nasal endoscopic examination and CT scan of the paranasal sinuses of 103 patients with nasal septal deviation were analyzed. The differences of anatomic variations in OMC between ipsilateral and contralateral sides in relation to the direction of septal deviation. The incidence of sinusitis on either side of the deviated septum was evaluated. RESULTS: On the side opposite to the deviated septum, the incidence of middle and inferior turbinate hypertrophy was higher than that of the deviated side(P < 0.05). The width of agger nasi and ethmoid bulla was on the contralateral side larger than that of the ipsilateral side (P < 0.01). The incidence of paradoxical curvature of middle turbinate on the ipsilateral side was higher than that of contralateral side (P < 0.01). Other anatomic variations showed no significant differences between two sides of the deviated septum (P > 0.05), nor was there any difference between the incidence of sinusitis on the two sides. CONCLUSION: Some compensatory changes in middle and inferior turbinates and lateral nasal-wall on the opposite side to the deviation might be caused by the deviated septum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Determining the site of airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea with airway pressure measurements during sleep].

OBJECTIVE: Determine the site(s) of upper airway obstruction and the influence of sleep stage on the pattern of obstruction with upper airway (UA) pressure measurement. Analyses the clinical value of UA pressure measurement and it's influenced factors. METHODS: 30 OSAS patients underwent UA pressure measurement during polysomnography. Multisensory pressure catheters with five solid-state ultraminiature sensors were insert through patients' upper airway to esophagus, The sensors were located at the nasopharynx, oropharynx, tongue base, hypopharynx and esophagus and the lower limit of UA obstruction was determined relying on the observed pressure pattern. RESULTS: (1) During inspiration, obstruction occurred associated with a increased negative inspiratory pressure inferior to the site of obstruction and a disappeared negative inspiratory pressure above the site of obstruction. (2) Three patterns of obstruction were observed. 1. The site of obstruction was located at the level of the palate. 2. The level of the palate and tonguebase obstruction all present. 3. Nasopharyngeal obstruction soft plate obstruction and tongue-pharynx obstruction all present. (3) The factors which affected these measurement are 1. The catheter were placed by observation with a fiberoptic endoscope to keep the sensors located at the correct position. 2. Catheter plugging with secretions need to be prevented. CONCLUSION: UA pressure measurement can objectively identify the level of obstruction during sleep.

Adult↗