Biomedical subjects

Q Shi

Publications and source records attributed to Q Shi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Experimental study on effect of qishejingkang recipe on activity of alkaline phosphatases in osteophyte formation of degenerated cervical vertebrae of rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Qishejingkang recipe (QSJKR) on activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in osteophyte formation of degenerated cervical vertebrae. METHODS: A model of degenerated cervical vertebrae in the rabbit was established through resection of the cervical supraspinous and interspinous ligaments from the cervical spine elicited by surgical intervention. The sites of osteophyte was observed with a light microscope. The activity of ALP of the annuls fibrosis and nucleus pulpous, end-plate in each cervical spine was assayed with biochemical method respectively. RESULTS: Osteophyte come from end-plate, the activity of ALP in the degenerated end-plate in QSJKR group declined significantly compared with model group. CONCLUSION: QSJKR could decrease the activity of ALP in end-plate of degenerated cervical vertebrae and it might inhibit the formation of osteophyte.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed2000

[Correlation of transplantation tolerance and chimerism induced by allogeneic parabiosis in adult rats].

OBJECTIVE: To induce transplantation tolerance by allogeneic parabiosis in adult rats to explore the relation between chimeras and tolerance. METHODS: Cyclophosphamide (CP, 100 mg/kg) was intraperitonially administered before and after parabiosis to observe the survival days of parabiotic rats. Grafting skin for each other after separation of parabiosed rats pairs on day 5, 15 and 45 respectively to observe the survival time of skin graft survival. In the same time the percentage of cells of donor origin in the spleen and thymus of recipient rats were determined by FACS. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and delayed type hypersensivity (DTH) at day 15 of parabiosis were tested. RESULTS: Survival days of parabiotic rats were significantly prolonged (P = 0.000 5, MST = 63.5 days). After 15 day of parabiosis, the stable skin transplantation tolerance was established. During the first 15 day of parabiosis, the level of chimerism was increased with time, afterwards the chimerism became relatively stable. DTH and MLR of parabiotic rats on day 15 were donor-specifically suppressed. CONCLUSION: Parabiosis can induce specific transplantation tolerance in both parabiotic DA and LEW rats. There is a positive correlation of chimerism and transplantation tolerance.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[Anti-CD40 McAb induces CD40+ malignant B cell proliferation arrest and apoptosis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of CD(40) molecule and the biological effects mediated by CD(40) molecules on malignant B cells. METHODS: Agonistic anti-human CD(40) monoclonal antibody (5C11) was added to the cell culture system. Cell counting, PI staining, Annexin-V staining and flow cytometric analysis were used to study the biological effects of 5C11 on malignant B cell lines. RESULTS: 5C11 induced homotypic aggregation, proliferation arrest and apoptosis in the multiple myeloma cell line XG2 highly expressed CD(40). 5C11 induced B lymphoma cell line Daudi homotypic aggregation and proliferation arrest but no apoptosis. CONCLUSION: 5C11 can inhibit proliferation of malignant B cells by inducing apoptosis or arresting the cells at G(2)/M interphase.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed2000

[A preliminary study on placenta hematopoiesis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of placenta on fetal hematopoiesis during embryo ontogeny, so as to find a new source of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HPC) for clinical transplantation. METHODS: Cord blood was collected separately from cord vein and artery. CD(34)(+) cells were detected by FACS, CFU-GM semisolid agar culture, and hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) by ELISA. The results of HE stain and CD(34) McAb immunohistochemistry stain of placenta chorionic villi were investigated. RESULTS: The CFU-GM yields and the percentage of CD(34)(+) and CD(34)(+)/CD(38)(minus sign) cells in cord vein were higher than that in artery. The cord vein contained larger amount of hematopoietic stimulating factors and similar level of hematopoietic inhibitory factors as compared with that in artery. Blood island, reticular cells and scattered CD(34)(+) cells were found in the mesenchyme of placenta chorionic villi. CONCLUSION: The placenta might be an another hematopoietic organ in ontogeny. It could be applied to clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Antigens, CD34↗

PubMed2000

[The clinical observation of microsurgery treatment in early glottic carcinomas].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the life quality of the patients with T1 glottic carcinomas, and obtain good vocal effect. METHODS: Twenty-two patients under shoring laryngoscope and microscope were operated by surgery and laser. The phonetic parameters and vocal cord states of preoperative and postoperative patients were evaluated and analyzed objectively. RESULTS: The three-year relapse rate was 9.0% (2/22), and the survival rate of three-year, four-year, five-year were 100%, 94.7%, 93.3% respectively. The postoperative phonetic quality was improved. CONCLUSION: Patients with early glottis carcinomas could be treated by microsurgery. The damage of normal tissue might be reduced, and the patient's life quality has been improved. This method should be used widely in clinic.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Species-specific differences in positive and negative regulatory elements in the renin gene enhancer.

A distal transcriptional enhancer has been previously reported upstream of the mouse renin gene. A homologous sequence is also present upstream of the human renin gene, but the mouse and human renin enhancers differ markedly in their ability to activate transcription of a renin promoter. Although the 2 enhancers share high homology in their 202-bp promoter distal portions, their 40-bp proximal portions are heterogeneous. Chimeric enhancers were used to test the role of the 40-bp segment (m40) of the enhancer by using transient transfection analysis in mouse kidney renin-expressing As4. 1 cells. Deletion of m40 from the mouse renin enhancer or its addition to the human renin enhancer did not significantly change transcriptional activity when placed close to a mouse or human renin promoter. However, when placed further upstream of a renin promoter, the same deletion and substitution markedly altered enhancer activity. Electrophoretic gel mobility shift analysis identified 2 elements, a and b, in m40 that specifically bound nuclear proteins from As4.1 cells. Mutagenesis and transient transfection analysis revealed that element b accounts for the function of m40 and that element a antagonizes the positive influence of element b. Gel competition and supershift analysis revealed that nuclear factor-Y, a ubiquitous CAAT-box binding protein, binds to element a. Sequence analysis revealed that the human renin enhancer has a natural loss-of-function mutation in element b that affects its ability to transactivate when placed far upstream of a promoter. Reversion of the human renin element b to match the mouse sequence restored transactivation of the enhancer in mouse As4.1 cells. These data suggest that element b cooperates with the rest of the enhancer to maintain full enhancer activity, whereas element a may regulate enhancer activity. Sequence differences in these elements may explain the functional differences in the mouse and human renin enhancer sequences.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Griseofulvin-induced aneuploidy and meiotic delay in male mouse germ cells: detected by using conventional cytogenetics and three-color FISH.

Griseofulvin (GF) was tested in male mouse germ cells for the induction of meiotic delay and aneuploidy. Starved mice were orally treated with 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of GF in corn oil and testes were sampled 22 h later for meiotic delay analysis and chromosome counting in spermatocytes at the second meiotic metaphase (MMII). A dose-related increase in meiotic delay by dose-dependently arresting spermatocytes in first meiotic metaphase (MMI) or/and prolonging interkinesis was observed. Hyperhaploid MMII cells were not significantly increased. Sperm were sampled from the Caudae epididymes 22 days after GF-treatment of the males for three-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The frequencies of diploidies were 0.01-0.02% in sperm of the solvent control animals and increased dose-dependently to 0.03%, 0.068% and 0.091%, respectively, for 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of GF. The frequencies of disomic sperm were increased significantly above the controls in all GF-treated groups but showed no dose response. The data for individual classes of disomic sperm indicated that MII was more sensitive than MI to GF-induced non-disjunction in male mice. A comparison of the present data from male mice and literature data from female mice suggests that mouse oocytes are more sensitive than mouse spermatocytes to GF-induced meiotic delay and aneuploidy.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed1999

Audio-computer interviewing to measure risk behaviour for HIV among injecting drug users: a quasi-randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess audio-computer-assisted self-interviewing (audio-CASI) as a method of reducing under-reporting of HIV risk behaviour among injecting drug users. METHODS: Injecting drug users were interviewed at syringe-exchange programmes in four US cities. Potential respondents were randomly selected from participants in the syringe exchanges, with weekly alternate assignment to either traditional face-to-face interviews or audio-CASI. The questionnaire included items on sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, and HIV risk behaviours for 30 days preceding the interview. We calculated odds ratios for the difference in reporting of HIV risk behaviours between interview methods. FINDINGS: 757 respondents were interviewed face-to-face, and 724 were interviewed by audio-CASI. More respondents reported HIV risk behaviours and other sensitive behaviours in audio-CASI than in face-to-face interviews (odds ratios for reporting of rented or bought used injection equipment in audio-CASI vs face-to-face interview 2.1 [95% CI 1.4-3.3] p=0.001; for injection with borrowed used injection equipment 1.5 [1.1-2.2] p=0.02; for renting or selling used equipment 2.3 [1.3-4.0] p=0.003). INTERPRETATION: Although validation of these self-reported behaviours was not possible, we propose that audio-CASI enables substantially more complete reporting of HIV risk behaviour. More complete reporting might increase understanding of the dynamics of HIV transmission and make the assessment of HIV-prevention efforts easier.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Direct correlation between nitric oxide synthase II inducibility and metastatic ability of UV-2237 murine fibrosarcoma cells carrying mutant p53.

The relationship between nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II) inducibility and the metastatic ability of UV-2237 murine fibrosarcoma cells was determined. Highly metastatic cells survived to produce numerous lung metastases after i.v. injection in syngeneic C3H/HeN mice, whereas poorly metastatic cells did not. Highly metastatic clones exhibited higher levels of NOS II than did poorly metastatic clones in response to interleukin 1alpha and IFN-gamma stimulation. Furthermore, both poorly and highly metastatic clones contained an identical p53 mutation. Overexpression of NOS II in a highly metastatic clone by transfection with NOS II gene retarded tumor growth and completely suppressed metastasis. Our data indicate that a low to moderate level of NOS II expression directly correlates with metastatic ability of UV-2237 fibrosarcoma cells carrying mutant p53 and that a high level of nitric oxide production suppresses tumor growth and metastasis.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[Influence of aging and sex on chromosome 21 segregation in human lymphocytes]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of aging and sex on the segregation of chromosome 21. METHODS: Lymphocytes were obtained from healthy donors of different ages, both sexes, and were treated with cytochalasin B. Binucleated cells were hybridized with chromosome 21 specific probe, and simultaneously, chromosome 21 loss and non-disjunction were detected. RESULTS: The coefficients of correlation between age and binucleated cells containing 4, 2 and 6 signals were -0.35(P<0.01), 0.18 and 0.38(P<0.01) respectively. The coefficients of correlation between age and nondisjunction of chromosome 21 and micronuclei were 0.56(P<0.01) and 0.70(P<0.01) respectively. CONCLUSION: There is a significant increase with age in the number of micronuclei and missegregation. Nondisjunction of chromosome 21 is much more frequent than loss in vivo and in vitro. No significant difference in nondisjunctioin between male and female was noted. Age effect is more significant in female than in male.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1999

The distribution of zinc selenite and expression of metallothionein-III mRNA in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the rat suggest a role for zinc in sensory transmission.

Zinc appears to play a role in synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. We tested the hypothesis that zinc is similarly involved in sensory transmission by determining whether vesicular zinc and metallothionein-III (MT-III), a zinc-binding protein, are localized in rat primary afferent neurons. MT-III mRNA, measured using RT-PCR, and MT-III immunoreactivity, were both present in the spinal cord as well as the thoracic and lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG). At a time (24 hr) that allows retrograde transport of zinc selenite to cell bodies, only small-diameter neurons and neurons scattered throughout lamina V of the spinal cord were stained by sodium selenite injected intrathecally. This stain disappeared if a ligature was placed on the dorsal root to block axonal transport, demonstrating that these cells are, in fact, zinc-containing primary afferent neurons. When assessed 1 hr after sodium selenite, stain was distributed throughout the neuropil of the spinal cord, especially in lamina III and the area surrounding the central canal. Even in rhizotomized animals, large- and small-diameter DRG neuronal cell bodies were also stained with either selenite (1 hr) or 6-methoxy 8-para-toluene sulfonamide quinoline (TSQ). Paradoxically, this unique pool of zinc was eliminated in large-diameter DRG neurons after neonatal capsaicin treatment, which had no effect on selenite stain or MT-III mRNA content in small-diameter DRG neurons. In summary, we demonstrate that there is a population of capsaicin-insensitive small-diameter primary afferent neurons that are zinc-containing. In addition, there is a unique pool of capsaicin-sensitive zinc that is associated with large-diameter cell bodies.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[A DNA probe suitable for the detection of chromosome 21 copy number in human interphase nuclei by fluorescence in situ hybridization].

OBJECTIVE: To prepare DNA probe which can be used to accurately detect chromosome 21 copy number in human interphase nuclei by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). METHODS: A probe was produced by universal primer PCR from YAC clone 881D2 and characterized by FISH to metaphases and interphase nuclei of peripheral lymphocytes from 8 normal individuals and 5 patients suffering from trisomy 21. RESULTS: A DNA probe was produced and its characteristics were :(1) Most of the probes ranged in size from 350bp to 750bp; (2) The hybridization signals of the probes were located near centromere on long arm of human chromosome 21; (3) In 1524 metaphases scored, about 99.95% of hybridization signals were located on chromosome 21; (4) The signals were very bright and recognizable easily in both metaphases and interphases nuclei; (5) The expected copy number of chromosome 21 was detected by FISH with the probe in more than 98.40% of interphase nuclei and 99.60% of metaphases. CONCLUSION: The DNA probe reported here is suitable for the detection of chromosome 21 copy number in interphase nuclei and for the study of segregation of chromosome 21 during mitoses of human lymphocytes in culture.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1999

Application of transcranial Doppler in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was dynamically performed on 25 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) before and after treatment. In the first 4 days of clinical course, 3 cases demonstrated elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), 6 cases showed stenosis of blood vessels, and 16 cases gave normal findings. At 7-14 days of clinical course, 20 cases showed vascular spasm or narrowing, 4 cases imparted normal findings and 1 patient died of elevated ICP. After the third TCD performed on the 20th day of the clinical course, 5 cases showed mean blood flow velocities (Vm) below normal values, indicating poor cerebral perfusion, 9 cases still had Vm above normal levels, 10 cases yielded completely normal findings. In conclusion, TCD conducted at different phases of SAH can not only demonstrate the functional and pathological status of cerebral blood vessels following SAH, but also reflect the outcome of clinical features. It is very helpful in the evaluation of the causes and the prognosis of SAH.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Measurement of serum circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary report.

Serum circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1) was measured in 50 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mean cICAM-1 level in the 50 patients was 2220 ng/ml and 43 patients (86%) had a high level of cICAM-1 - more than 1000 ng/ml. Comparative analysis of cICAM-1 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in the HCC patients showed that serum AFP level was negative (<20 ng/ml) in five patients or "questionable positive" (20-90 ng/ml) in ten patients, while the levels of cICAM-1 in these patients were 1810 and 1710 ng/ml, respectively. Seven patients who underwent hepatectomy had tumor recurrences during a follow-up period of 6-18 months. Their serum AFP levels were lower than 200 ng/ml (mean value, 27 ng/ml), but their mean cICAM-1 level was 1956 ng/ml at the time tumor recurrence was diagnosed. We suggest that the measurement of serum cICAM-1 is not only useful for prediction of the progression and prognosis of HCC, but that it may also be an important marker for the early diagnosis of the disease, and for monitoring postoperative recurrence, particularly in patients with low levels of serum AFP.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Clinical and experimental demonstration of complete healing of porous Dacron patch grafts used for closure of the arteriotomy after carotid endarterectomy.

A clinical porous Dacron patch graft used for closure after carotid endarterectomy was explanted 24 hr postmortem during autopsy. There had been no TIAs or stroke postoperatively, and the cause of death was congestive heart failure. The graft had been implanted for 25 months. The specimen had a very clean surface, was completely incorporated by full-wall tissue ingrowth, and the flow surface was covered with well-organized neointima containing endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, as confirmed by immunological studies. For comparison, animal experiments were performed. In both the clinical and experimental specimens the carotid patches were patent without neointimal compromise of the lumen, and their healing patterns were similar, with endothelium on the flow surface.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Accelerated healing of Dacron grafts seeded by preclotting with autologous bone marrow blood.

> Studies have suggested that bone marrow-derived cells in the circulation may have the capacity and potential to endothelialize and heal vascular graft surfaces. We have investigated whether accelerated endothelialization could be achieved for Dacron grafts seeded by preclotting with bone marrow blood (BMB). Five 8 mm x 6 cm Dacron grafts seeded and preclotted with BMB and four controls preclotted with peripheral blood were implanted in the descending thoracic aorta (DTA) of mongrel dogs for 2 and 4 weeks. Two additional BMB DTA grafts were studied for 3 months. Five pairs of BMB and control grafts (4 mm x 6 cm) were bilaterally implanted into the carotids of dogs for 1 week and five pairs for 4 weeks. All grafts remained patent. BMB seeding/preclotting was a simple, effective method to accelerate early graft endothelialization without increasing thrombogenicity. Further studies are needed before clinical application can be recommended.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Morphology and histology of human and canine internal thoracic arteries.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated human and canine internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) to determine whether the latter is valid for studies relevant to clinical use. METHODS: We studied 19 human ITAs obtained from 1 female and 14 male victims of recent fatal accidents who had no evidence of cardiovascular disease (mean age = 39+/-19 years; range = 15 to 79 years), and ITAs of 21 randomly-selected mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing 18-40 kg (average = 24.3+/-5.7 kg). Specimens were fixed in formalin at a controlled pressure of 120 mm Hg, before extensive assessment that included intimal thickening, condition of the internal elastic lamina, and number of medial elastic lamellae and vasa vasorum. RESULTS: The canine morphology and histology were similar to the human ITAs, but there was no intimal hyperplasia, and the media and adventitia were thinner (ITAs of humans older than 40 years had significant increases in medial thickness, as well as in overall length). Morphologically and histologically, the left and right canine ITAs were almost completely the same. CONCLUSIONS: Canine ITAs are valid for bilateral comparative studies and are a useful tissue source and model for clinically-relevant experimental studies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

The opioid peptide analog D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide decreases bile flow by a central mechanism.

The existence of an opioid central pathway that may regulate bile secretion was explored by studying the effect of the intracisternal (i.c.) administration of the opiate D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide (DAME) on bile secretion in anesthetized male rats. The i.c. administration of DAME was associated with a dose-related decrease in bile flow that ranged from 12% to 41%, which was prevented by the opiate antagonist naloxone. Bicarbonate secretion into bile decreased significantly after i.c. DAME. Chemical adrenergic denervation and cholinergic pharmacological blockade with atropine did not prevent the DAME-induced decrease in bile flow. The data support the existence of an opioid-mediated pathway that starts in the brain and that contributes to the regulation of bile secretion.

Animals↗