Biomedical subjects

Ping Wu

Publications and source records attributed to Ping Wu.

149 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

"Meshed-Bag Gathered-Bunch" method for solid-phase synthesis of small molecular diverse compounds.

A new "Meshed-Bag Gathered-Bunch" technology for the solid-phase synthesis of chemical libraries was developed. Using such technology, we synthesized muramyl dipeptide mimetics including derivatives at the N- and C-terminus, cyclic muramyl dipeptide mimetics, muramyl dipeptide and Tuftsin's analogue conjugates. The advantages of such a method include ease of manufacture, low unit cost of production, the physical encoding method, and the compatibility with both parallel and "split-mix" approaches.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between anxiety and substance use disorders among individuals with severe affective disorders.

We sought to determine the association between anxiety disorders and substance use disorders among patients with severe affective disorders in a community-based outpatient treatment program. Two hundred sixty participants in a supported socialization program were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between anxiety disorders and alcohol and substance use disorders among patients with severe and persistent affective disorders (i.e., major depression and bipolar disorder). Among patients with severe and persistent affective disorders, cocaine (odds ratio [OR] = 5.9 [1.4, 24.6]), stimulant (OR = 5.1 [1.2, 20.9]), sedative (OR = 5.4 [1.2, 24.7]), and opioid use disorders (OR = 13.9 [1.4, 138.7]) were significantly more common among those with, compared with those without, anxiety disorders. This association persisted after adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid psychotic disorders. Significant associations between panic attacks, social phobia, specific phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and specific substance use disorders were also evident. These findings are consistent with and extend previous results by documenting an association between anxiety disorders and substance use disorders, independent of comorbid psychotic disorders among patients in a outpatient psychiatric rehabilitation program. These data highlight the prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders, a potentially undetected and therefore undertreated problem, among patients with severe affective disorders and substance use comorbidity. Future work is needed to determine the nature of this association and to determine whether treatment of one prevents onset of the other.

Anxiety Disorders↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Randomized trials stopped early for harm in HIV/AIDS: a systematic survey.

PURPOSE: The decision to stop trials early because of the harmful effects of the intervention is complex and requires weighing statistical, logistical, and ethical considerations. We assessed the prevalence of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) stopped early for harm in HIV/AIDS and determined the quality of reporting of methods to inform the decision to stop the trial. METHOD: We searched 11 electronic databases and major conference abstract databases, contacted trialist and advocacy groups, and searched the Internet. We selected RCTs stopped early for harm. We extracted data on journal and year of publication, reporting of methods and funding, planned sample size, number and planning of interim analyses, stopping rules, and effect size of the harm outcomes. RESULTS: We found 10 RCTs stopped early for harm (median, n = 85; range, 7-1227). Most interventions (n = 9) were antiviral drugs; one trial studied vitamins to prevent vertical transmission of HIV. Five studies reported a priori defined adverse events, and only 1 trial reported planned stopping guidelines. The primary harm outcomes reported across trials included toxicity, death, and increased mother-to-child transmission. Two trials were stopped due to sudden unanticipated adverse events (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, death, and encephalopathy). Relative risk point estimates for harm ranged from 1 to 6.18. Six studies reported the presence of a data safety and monitoring board. CONCLUSION: The reporting of methods to inform the decision to stop trials for harm in this population is deficient in a variety of ways, including lack of stopping guidelines. Clinicians should interpret RCTs stopped early for harm with caution and interpret the results in light of related evidence. Trialists should improve the transparency of their decision-making regarding early stopping for harmful effects.

Anti-HIV Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cloning and characterization of a glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator from Oryza sativa.

Plastids of nongreen tissues import carbon as a source of biosynthetic pathways and energy, and glucose 6-phosphate is the preferred hexose phosphate taken up by nongreen plastids. A cDNA clone encoding glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator (GPT) was isolated from a cDNA library of immature seeds of rice and named as OsGPT. The cDNA has one uninterrupted open reading frame encoding a 42 kDa polypeptide possessing transit peptide consisting of 70 amino acid residues. The OsGPT gene maps on chromosome 8 of rice and is linked to the quantitative trait locus for 1000-grain weight. The expression of OsCPT is mainly restricted to heterotrophic tissues. These results suggest that glucose 6-phosphate imported via GPT can be used for starch biosynthesis in rice nongreen plastids.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Seminal, adventitious and lateral root growth and physiological responses in rice to upland conditions.

Understanding the growth and physiological responses of rice to upland conditions would be helpful for designing treatments to improve the tolerance of rice under a rainfed system. The objective of this study was to investigate the initiation,elongation and membrane stability of seminal, lateral and adventitious roots of upland rice after 9-d upland condition treatment. Compared with control roots under waterlogged conditions, upland water deficiency conditions favor seminal and lateral root growth over adventitious root growth by accelerating seminal root elongation, promoting lateral root initiation and elongation, and reducing the elongation and number of adventitious roots. Enhanced total root number and length resulted in increase of total root dry weight and thereby increasing the root-to-shoot ratio. Organic compound leakage from seminal root tips and adventitious roots increased progressively to some extent with upland culture duration, while significant increases in seminal root tips were the consequence of loss of membrane integrity caused by the upland-condition enhanced growth.

Adaptation, Physiological↗