Biomedical subjects
Philippe Camezind
Publications and source records attributed to Philippe Camezind.
[Is incidence of diplopia after Fat Removal Orbital Decompression a predictive factor of choice of surgical technique for Graves' ophthalmopathy?].
UNLABELLED: Dysthroid orbitopathy or Graves ophthalmopathy is a frequent pathologic condition five times more frequent in females than males. The main symptoms are: proptosis, motility disorders related to eye muscles fibrosis, eyelid retraction, lagophthalmos, and finally the more severe ones: compressive optic neuropathy at the apex of the orbit, and corneal exposure. In order to reduce proptosis the classic approach is Bone Removal Orbital Decompression (BROD) either through eyelid skin, coronal, conjunctival, or endonasal approaches. Recently a new technique has been described by Olivari: Fat Removal Orbital Decompression (FROD). The purpose is to evaluate the incidence of diplopia after FROD and improve surgical indications for Graves' ophthalmopathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 35 patients were included in this retrospective study (58 orbits). FROD (OLIVARI technique) was performed in all cases (23 bilateral surgery, 12 unilateral; 12 men, 23 women). All patients with optic neuropathy (severe Graves'ophthalmopathy) were eliminated because bone decompression was always performed. The ocular motility was examined before and after surgery by orthoptic screening. The average follow up was 18 months. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Before FROD, 7 patients complained of moderate or severe diplopia: all remained with diplopia after FROD. After FROD 32% developed a new diplopia: only one patient remained with diplopia after strabismus surgery or adaptation by prisms glasses. Diplopia after BROD in moderate Graves' ophthalmopathy (with indications identical to our study) is reported from 23 to 34% in previous studies. CONCLUSION: Diplopia after FROD is a real risk whose incidence is identical after FROD and BROD and must be explained to each patient before surgical decision.
Internal and external contamination of donor corneas before in situ excision: bacterial risk factors in 93 donors.
BACKGROUND: Most studies of corneal donor contamination concentrate on postenucleation contamination of the eyeball. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relative contamination of in situ excised corneal tissue and relevance to final success or rejection by recipients of the corneal grafts. METHODS: Ninety-three donors underwent anterior chamber puncture (ACP) and corneal epithelium scarification (CS) before and after disinfection with 5% povidone-iodine. Following in situ excision, corneas were preserved in culture medium at +35 degrees C. Morphological and bacteriological assessment was carried out after culture, and recipients were followed up over a 2-year period. RESULTS: Samples taken by ACP, CS before disinfection, CS after disinfection and a culture medium sample were contaminated by bacteria in, respectively, 8 (8.6%), 23 (24.7%) 4 (4.3%) and 5 (5.4%) donors. Contamination of aqueous humor was significantly associated with age, death-to-sample time and premortem systemic infection. Contamination of epithelium significantly increased culture medium contamination. CONCLUSION: External bacteria on donor cornea are mainly skin bacteria (especially Staphylococcus) and can be partially eliminated by a povidone-iodine wash. Internal bacteria are mainly gut bacteria and may be due to perimortem bacteriemia. However, bacterial infection at the time of death appears to have no effect on the incidence of endophthalmitis in recipients and should no longer prevent use of such corneal tissue in grafts.
Decrease of intraocular pressure after fat-removal orbital decompression in Graves disease.
PURPOSE: To address the efficacy of fat-removal orbital decompression to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with Graves disease. METHODS: This cohort study included 64 eyes of 39 patients with Graves disease. Thirteen men and 36 women, with a mean age of 52.5 years (range, 27 to 80 years), underwent fat-removal orbital decompression. Intraocular pressure (applanation) and proptosis (Hertel exophthalmometry) were prospectively investigated before surgery and 1 week and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: The volume of resected fat was 6.4+/- 4.5 (3 to 12) ml. The intraocular pressure in primary position decreased from 19.3+/- 4.4 mm Hg to 17.0+/- 2.9 mm Hg at 1 week (p<0.001) and 15.9+/- 3.7 mm Hg at 6 months (p<0.001). Mean proptosis dropped from 24.3+/- 2.5 mm before surgery to 19.9+/-3.0 mm at 1 week (p<0.01), and 19.9+/-3.1 mm at 6 months (p<0.01). Intraocular pressure decrease neither correlated to the volume of resected fat nor to proptosis reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Fat removal reduces intraocular pressure in patients with Graves disease, with no correlation to the volume of resected fat.