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Biomedical subjects

Philip Zazove

Publications and source records attributed to Philip Zazove.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Health care system accessibility. Experiences and perceptions of deaf people.

BACKGROUND: People who are deaf use health care services differently than the general population; little research has been carried out to understand the reasons. OBJECTIVE: To better understand the health care experiences of deaf people who communicate in American Sign Language. DESIGN: Qualitative analyses of focus group discussions in 3 U.S. cities. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-one deaf adults who communicate primarily in American Sign Language. MEASUREMENTS: We collected information about health care communication and perceptions of clinicians' attitudes. We elicited stories of both positive and negative encounters, as well as recommendations for improving health care. RESULTS: Communication difficulties were ubiquitous. Fear, mistrust, and frustration were prominent in participants' descriptions of health care encounters. Positive experiences were characterized by the presence of medically experienced certified interpreters, health care practitioners with sign language skills, and practitioners who made an effort to improve communication. Many participants acknowledged limited knowledge of their legal rights and did not advocate for themselves. Some participants believed that health care practitioners should learn more about sociocultural aspects of deafness. CONCLUSIONS: Deaf people report difficulties using health care services. Physicians can facilitate change to improve this. Future research should explore the perspective of clinicians when working with deaf people, ways to improve communication, and the impact of programs that teach deaf people self-advocacy skills and about their legal rights.

Communication↗
PubMed2004

Deaf persons and computer use.

Deaf person's computer use was studied (N = 227). Respondents self-administered a survey in their preferred language (voice, American Sign Language, captions, or printed English). A small nonparticipant sample was also recruited. Demographics were consistent with those in other studies of deaf people: 63% of respondents reported computer use, mostly at home; 50% of nonparticipants reported computer use. Subjects with hearing loss due to meningitis were less likely to use computers (p = .0004). Computer use was associated with English usage at home (p = .008), with hearing persons (p = .002), and with physicians and nurses (p = .00001). It was also associated with the use of Signed English as a child to communicate (p = .02), teacher use of Signed English (p = .04), and teacher use of ASL (p = .03). Two thirds of respondents reported using computers, though nonresponder data suggested less use among all deaf persons. Computer use was associated with English use and inversely associated with hearing loss due to meningitis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Candida transmission and sexual behaviors as risks for a repeat episode of Candida vulvovaginitis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between female and male factors and the risk of recurring Candida vulvovaginitis. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 148 women with Candida vulvovaginitis and 78 of their male sexual partners was conducted at two primary care practices in the Ann Arbor, Michigan, area. RESULTS: Thirty-three of 148 women developed at least one further episode of Candida albicans vulvovaginitis within 1 year of follow-up. Cultures of Candida species from various sites of the woman (tongue, feces, vulva, and vagina) and from her partner (tongue, feces, urine, and semen) did not predict recurrences. Female factors associated with recurrence included recent masturbating with saliva (hazard ratio 2.66 [95% CI 1.17-6.06]) or cunnilingus (hazard ratio 2.94 [95% CI 1.12-7.68]) and ingestion of two or more servings of bread per day (p </= 0.05). Male factors associated with recurrences in the woman included history of the male masturbating with saliva in the previous month (hazard ratio 3.68 [95% CI 1.24-10.87]) and lower age at first intercourse (hazard ratio 0.83 [95% CI 0.71-0.96]). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual behaviors, rather than the presence of Candida species at various body locations of the male partner, are associated with recurrences of C. albicans vulvovaginitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of depressive symptoms in deaf persons.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that Deaf people may have a greater prevalence of depressive symptoms. However, it is unclear whether commonly used written screening instruments are accurate with this population because of their unique cultural and linguistic factors. SETTING: Deaf persons (n = 71) residing in southeastern Michigan. METHODS: Subjects completed the Zung Self-Rated Depression Scale in both the written (ZSDS-W) and American Sign Language (ZSDS-S) formats and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) in American Sign Language in counterbalanced order, followed by a Test Of Reading Comprehension (TORC). They also provided extensive data on demographic, hearing loss, language use, social and health care use variables. RESULTS: Mean subject age was 52 years, 63% of subjects were women, 95% were Caucasian, and 47% were married (87% to another deaf/hard of hearing person). Thirty percent had a college degree and 20% had less than a 10th grade education. The ZSDS-W and ZSDS-S scores were highly correlated (r = +0.79), although the mean ZSDS-W score was 2.8 points higher (P = .001). The ZSDS-S correlated more highly (r = 0.80) with the HAM-D than the ZSDS-W (r = 0.71). There was a significant interaction effect (P < .001) such that the ZSDS-W and HAM-D were significantly associated among higher literacy subjects (beta = 0.80, P < .001) but not lower literacy subjects (beta = 0.20, P = .183). There were no other significant associations between depression scores and numerous demographic, educational, hearing loss, social or language variables. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the conventional ZSDS-W, the ZSDS-S more accurately assesses depression severity among deaf persons with lower English literacy. However, given the greater sensitivity of the ZSDS-W and the practical barriers to ZSDS-S in physician practices, further research should determine which modality is best for routine depression screening.

Adult↗