Biomedical subjects

Paweł Krajewski

Publications and source records attributed to Paweł Krajewski.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

A role for KIR gene variants other than KIR2DS1 in conferring susceptibility to psoriasis.

Recently we described an association between psoriasis and KIR2DS1, a gene for a stimulatory natural killer cell receptor, in a Polish population. The association was independently reported among Japanese and confirmed in a U.S. population. Prompted by these findings, we reanalyzed data by a multivariate approach in search of possible effects of KIR genes other than KIR2DS1 (non-KIR2DS1). The methodology was based on a stratified analysis and multiple logistic regression. We found that the non-KIR2DS1 genes had joint effects comparable to or stronger than the effects of KIR2DS1 in both the fraction of explained variance (0.174 vs 0.204, respectively, for KIR2DS1 and non-KIR2DS1) and the statistical significance (p = 0.000008 vs p = 0.000001, respectively). When individual genes were considered, a decrease in KIR2DS5 among patients vs controls (OR = 0.2, pcor = 0.0005) and a decrease in KIR2DS3 restricted to KIR2DS1-positive individuals (OR = 0.2, pcor = 0.005) were evident. We also performed a multivariate analysis of the HLA-Cw genotypes but failed to demonstrate any effects in addition to the known association with HLA-Cw*06. We conclude that the effect of the KIR genes on psoriasis susceptibility is complex, extending beyond the association with KIR2DS1 and involving protective effects and interactions.

Gene Frequency↗

PubMed2006

Ascites in infants with severe sepsis - treatment with peritoneal drainage.

BACKGROUND: Ascites in neonates and infants is usually caused by cardiac failure and urinary or biliary tract obstruction. The objective of this study was to characterize our experience with ascites as a complication of sepsis. METHODS: We retrospectively collected and analyzed data of patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the university-based children's hospital, in whom ascites developed during nosocomial sepsis. Ten infants admitted to the ICU in the first 2 days of life developed sepsis on the mean 31.5 (+/-21.9) postnatal day. Gram-negative bacteria were the causative organism in nine cases, and Staphylococcus hemolyticus in one. Because of sepsis, reintubation and mechanical ventilation were necessary. All patients received broad spectrum antibiotics (including meropenem and ciprofloxacin), blood transfusions, catecholamines and intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. Ascites was observed on the median 13.5 day of sepsis (range 3-36), and severely compromised gas exchange. Continuous peritoneal drainage was applied by means of an intravascular catheter placed in the right lower abdominal quadrant. RESULTS: The mean drained fluid volume was 44.7 (+/-20.4) ml.kg(-1).day(-1), drainage was continued for a median of 5.5 (range 1-56) day, and enabled significant reduction of ventilator settings 24 h after its implementation. No severe complications related to drainage occurred; six of 10 babies survived. CONCLUSIONS: Ascites can develop in infants with sepsis and cause respiratory compromise. Continuous drainage of ascitic fluid by means of an intravenous catheter is relatively safe and can improve gas exchange.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2006

The association between maternal cervicovaginal proinflammatory cytokines concentrations during pregnancy and subsequent early-onset neonatal infection.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of selected proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8) in cervicovaginal fluid, as measured in midgestation, and the risk of early-onset neonatal infection (EONI). METHOD: Cervicovaginal fluids were obtained from a cohort of 114 pregnant women at 22 to 34 weeks' gestation. The samples were analyzed for the concentrations of selected proinflammatory cytokines using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA). Lower genital tract microbiology was diagnosed using Gram stain method according to Spiegel's criteria and by culture. RESULTS: Mean gestational age at the time of sampling was 29.0 weeks. Mean time between sampling and delivery was 9.3 (SD 4.7) weeks. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was diagnosed in 27.2% of subjects and M. hominis and U. urealyticum in 22.8% and 26.3%, respectively. Out of 114 women examined, 20 (17.5%) delivered newborns with EONI. Median cervicovaginal concentrations of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 did not differ between women who delivered newborns with EONI as compared to women who delivered newborns without EONI. Women with pathological lower genital tract microflora and low IL-8 concentration (below 25(th) percentile) during pregnancy presented a significant risk of delivering newborns with EONI (OR=4.9; 95% CI, 1.1-22.8). Subjects with pathological lower genital tract microflora and a low concentration of more than one cytokine had the highest risk of delivering a newborn with EONI, OR=16.2, 95% CI, 1.1-234.0. CONCLUSIONS: Cytokine measurement in cervicovaginal fluid in early gestation could be useful for predicting subsequent EONI only among pregnant women with lower genital tract infection. Maternal genital tract immune hyporesponsiveness as represented by low concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines may create a permissive environment for ascending infection and may lead to subsequent EONI.

Cervix Mucus↗

PubMed2006

Studies on genetic changes in rye samples (Secale cereale L.) maintained in a seed bank.

The aim of this study was to identify genetic changes in rye seeds induced by natural ageing during long-term storage and consecutive regeneration cycles under gene bank conditions. Genomic DNA from four rye samples varying in their initial viability after one and three cycles of reproduction was analyzed by AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fingerprinting. Seven EcoRI/MseI primer combinations defined 663 fragments, and seven PstI/MseI primer combinations defined 551 fragments. The variation in the frequency of the seventy-four EcoRI/MseI bands was statistically significant between samples. These changes could be attributed to genetic changes occurring during storage and regeneration. However, the PstI/MseI fragments appeared to be uninfluenced by seed ageing, regeneration and propagation. A combined Principle Coordinate Analysis revealed differences between samples with different initial viability. We showed that materials with low initial viability differ in their response from highly viable ones, and that the changes exhibited in the former case are preserved through regeneration cycles.

Genetic Markers↗

PubMed2006

[Epidemiology of congenital malformations in neonates born alive in the Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Medical University in Lodz in the years 2001-2003].

UNLABELLED: Institute of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Medical University in Lodz acceded the Polish Register of Congenital Malformations and keeps on propagating the program. The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of congenital malformations in newborns delivered in the Institute of Gyneacology and Obstetrics in Lodz in the years 2001-2003 and to analyse some epidemiological parameters concerning inborn defects in the region of Lodz. The study is based on the retrospective analysis. All neonates born alive in our Institute in the years 2001-2003 were taking into consideration. The data about inborn malformations was collected from the medical documentation and the results were confronted with demographic analysis of the region of Lodz. RESULTS: Among 66474 neonates born alive during analysed period of time in the region of Lodz, 4507 (6,78%) were delivered in the Institute of Gyneacology and Obstetrics in Lodz. There were 106 newborns congenitally malformed, so the percentage of inborn defects reached 2,35% of all neonatal population. From the region of Lodz 966 babies with inborn malformations were notified to the Polish Register of Congenital Malformations, and 106 (10,9%) malformed newborns were registered from our Institute. Malformations of heart and circulatory system were the most frequent--28,8%, defects of skeletal and muscular system were the next -18%, and malformations of urogenital system formed 16,2%. In the region of Lodz there were 477 neonatal deaths and 121 cases were caused by congenital anomalies, which makes the percentage of 25,4% of neonatal mortality. CONCLUSION: 1. Congenital malformations are the one of the main reasons of neonatal and infantile mortality. 2. The program of registrating malformations helps in exact epidemiological analysis of congenital anomalies in newborns.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed2006

[Comparison between computerized cardiotocography analysis in triplet and singleton pregnancies].

OBJECTIVES: Triplet pregnancies have higher perinatal morbidity and mortality rates than singleton pregnancies. In modern perinatology computer cardiotocography is one of the best methods of fetus state assessment. DESIGN: The research was based on computer analysis of cardiotocograph printouts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studies were made on 39 pregnant women in 27-36 week of gestation. The women were hospitalized in the Clinic of Perinatology I Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz and divided into two groups. First consisted of 30 singleton, second of 9 triplet pregnancies. RESULTS: Computer analysis of cardiotocograph printouts was performed and compared between the triplet and singleton pregnancy groups and presented in forms of tables. CONCLUSIONS: In the studded group of triplet pregnancy statistically significant higher number of high episodes, accelerations, fetal movements and signal loss were observed. The Apgar score and arterial cord pH was not different between the both groups.

Cardiotocography↗

PubMed2006

[Monitoring of labour and delivery in the presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid by pulse oximetry].

OBJECTIVES: Evidence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid during labor suggests implementation of close monitoring of fetal well-being. DESIGN: Our purpose was to compare fetal oxygen saturation between cases with normal and meconium stained amniotic fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fetal oxygen saturation was continuously recorded with use of Nellcor N-400 fetal pulse oximeter in 30 control cases of term labour of normal, and 30 cases of meconium stained amniotic fluid. Distribution of fetal oxygen saturation values during 5 periods of labour was analyzed and compared between the examined groups, and presented in forms of Tables, together with neonatal umbilical artery pH values, Apgar score, birth weight and percentage of caesarian sections performed. RESULTS: No significant differences in fetal oxygen saturation, neonatal umbilical artery pH, birth weight and caesarian sections rate were observed between analyzed groups. Newborns 1-th minute Apgar score (mean value) and base excess was lower in meconium group compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate, that fetal oxygen saturation trends to decrease during labour in fetuses in both groups.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed2005

The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle and its arteries.

The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle consists of two symmetrical parts located in the roof of the ventricle and protruding through its openings, the foramina of Luschka and Magendie. The arteries supplying the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle are difficult to approach because of their deep location within the cerebellopontine angles and the cerebellomedullary fissure. They originate from multiple sites on the cerebellar arteries, and pass near the vital structures of the pons and medulla. The increasing use of the operating microscope and endoscopy during operations in the posterior cranial fossa has created a need for better understanding of the microsurgical anatomy of the plexus and its arteries. The arteries of 15 human brain-stems with cerebelli were injected with coloured gelatine and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution. The specimens were studied under an operating microscope. The choroids plexus on each side of the midline was divided into four segments, the medial and lateral horizontal segments and the rostral and caudal sagittal segments, in order to facilitate the description of their blood supply. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) were the main supplying vessels. AICA supplied the portion of the plexus in the cerebellopontine angles and the adjacent part of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle through the foramina of Luschka. PICA supplied most of the choroid plexus in the roof and the median opening of the fourth ventricle.

Arteries↗

PubMed2005

[The relation between the clinical state of the premature and the development of 3rd stage of retinopathy of prematurity].

The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic value of some pathologies related to prematurity in the development of stage 3 ROP in children with extremely low birth-weight. The group of 35 prematures with diagnosed 3rd stage ROP and 64 prematures without ROP was examined. The presence of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and intraventricular haemorrhages (IVH) were analyzed. RDS was more frequent in prematures with 3rd stage ROP (p=0.005, OR=3.59). There was significant difference between the frequency of IVH in both groups (p = 0.03), but the odds ratio was significantly high only in the children with the 3rd stage IVH (OR=2.42). PDA was diagnosed more frequently in children with 3rd stage ROP but the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.1 52, OR=1.80). There was significant difference between the groups when comparing the incidence of NEC (p=0.03, OR=3.34). The pathologies of the prematurity such as RDS, NEC and grade III IVH are the predictive factors for the development of stage 3 ROP (p=0.03, OR=3.34).

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent↗

PubMed2003

Testing cms-P-linked AFLPs for selection of rye hybrid components.

Application of AFLPs linked to pollen fertility restoration and non-performing genes evaluated in the C394-F2 hybrid was studied using a set of male sterile lines in the sterilising Pampa cytoplasm, several restorers and maintainer lines and, finally, two inbred lines backcrossed into cms-P, cms-R, cms-S and cms-C cytoplasms each. The set of male sterile lines based on the Pampa cytoplasm exhibited gradual variation in their ability to restore pollen fertility (starting from low and closing with high) in crosses with three unrelated restorers. Variations in the AFLPs between the analysed materials were observed, however, no clustering of the lines according to their sterile and fertile phenotypes was observed. The same markers, when applied to the population restorer (cv. Walet) that formed the C394-F2 cross permitted identification of plants with genotypes that could be recognized as restorers.

Genes, Plant↗

PubMed2002

Statistical methods for microarray assays.

The paper shortly reviews statistical methods used in the area of DNA microarray studies. All stages of the experiment are taken into account: planning, data collection, data preprocessing, analysis and validation. Among the methods of data analysis, the algorithms for estimating differential expression, multivariate approaches, clustering methods, as well as classification and discrimination are reviewed. The need is stressed for routine statistical data processing protocols and for the search of links of microarray data analysis with quantitative genetic models.

Computational Biology↗

PubMed2002

AFLP-profiling of long-term stored and regenerated rye Genebank samples.

The aim of these studies was to analyse the genetic changes induced by natural aging during long-term seed storage of rye. For this purpose, the AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique was applied. In the experiment, DNA variation was demonstrated in seven-day-old seedlings of four seed samples of cv. Dańkowskie Złote, showing different levels of viability following long-term storage. Among the 362 AFLP fragments analysed, 73 had significantly different frequencies in at least one of the series. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCA) based on molecular data revealed differences between the progenies of naturally aged seed samples with variable initial viability. It was clearly shown that materials with low viability differed in structure from highly viable ones, and that the population changes exhibited in the first case are preserved through regenerations. Although changes that were observed for initially viable samples were not so significant, they still occurred - probably as a result of genetic shift

Biological Specimen Banks↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chlamydia infections in the neonatal period.

The paper presents current knowledge about the clinical course, diagnostic and treatment of chlamydial infections in the neonatal period. In the neonatal period, infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis are in the majority of maternal origin. Chlamydia mother to child transmission occurs during vaginal birth. It can also occur but rarely, during caesarean section after premature rupture of membranes. Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the genitourinary system in pregnancy increases the danger of intrauterine growth restriction and foetal death. It rises the perinatal morbidity of foetuses and newborns and increases the risk of premature deliveries. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in newborns manifests as conjunctivitis and ophthalmia and less commonly as pharyngitis and otitis media. Erythromycin is applied in prophylaxis and treatment of Chlamydia infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Assessment of cardiac function in fetuses with intrauterine growth retardation using the Tei Index].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to evaluate cardiac function in foetuses with IUGR, using the Tei Index. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prenatal echocardiographic examination was performed in 64 foetuses with intrauterine growth retardation between 25-27, 30-32, and 34-37 weeks of gestation. The control group included 30 healthy foetuses. Flow velocity waveforms of mitral and tricuspid valve and flow velocity waveforms of the aortic and pulmonic valves were obtained. The Tei Index for left and right ventricle was calculated. The heart rate was measured in all foetuses. RESULTS: The Tei Index for left ventricle in foetuses with intrauterine growth retardation was significantly higher than in healthy foetuses (25-27 hbd - 0.6 vs. 0.58; p<0.05: 30-32 hbd -0.59 vs. 0.52; p<0.05: 34-36 hbd - 0.58 vs. 0.48; p<0.001). The Tei Index for right ventricle was also significantly higher in foetuses with intrauterine growth retardation than in the control group. The Tei Index decreased gradually with advancing gestational age and is independent of heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: l. Foetuses with intrauterine growth retardation have abnormal cardiac function in later part of gestation. 2. The Tei Index may be applied to evaluate cardiac function in foetuses.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Topography and morphometry of the porus trigeminus].

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The trigeminal nerve passes from the posterior to the middle cranial fossa above the superior edge of the petrous part and below attachment of the tentorium cerebelli. Behind this place it is surrounded by the dural trigeminal cave which opens posteriorly as the porus trigeminus. The aim of this study was to describe the porus trigeminus along with its relation to the trigeminal nerve and selected structures around. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed on the material of 20 human, formalin fixed specimens of the cranial base. Measurements were taken with a surgical microscope with an ocular ruler, with precision of 0.2 mm. RESULTS: Mean width of the porus was 7.3 (+/-1.0) mm and height 2.2 (+/-0.4) mm. Dimensions of the trigeminal nerve within the porus were 5.8 (+/-0.8) mm and 2.1 (+/-0.4) mm, respectively. The porus is surrounded by shallow ellipsoid hollow measuring 12.1 (+/-1.8) over 5.1 (+/-1.1) mm. Relation of the porus to the petrous vein was described, as well as to other veins emptying to the dural sinuses in its vicinity. Distances between the porus and venous dural openings were very variable. The following distances were measured from the porus trigeminus to: the internal acustic porus [6.6 (+/-1.7) mm], jugular foramen [16.2 (+/-1.8) mm], jugular tubercle [18.9 (+/-1.8) mm], abducent nerve [5.9 (+/-1.2) mm], trochlear nerve [4.6 (+/-1.4) mm], oculomotor nerve [8.4 (+/-1.9) mm], posterior clinoid process [14.7 (+/-1.8) mm] and median plane [left 13.7 (+/-1.0), and right 13.5 (+/-1.9) mm]. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results may be helpful during planning surgical approaches to the Meckel's cave and petroclival region.

Adult↗