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Patrick W Corrigan

Publications and source records attributed to Patrick W Corrigan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Does social cognition influence the relation between neurocognitive deficits and vocational functioning in schizophrenia?

Research on barriers to treatment and rehabilitation readiness in people with schizophrenia, especially focusing on risk factors of poor outcome in social and vocational functioning, has focused on the role of social cognition and neurocognition. Others have hypothesized that social cognition (i.e., encoding and understanding of social cues guided by social schemas or scripts) may be one mediator between basic neurocognition and functional outcome. Our study analyzes data from 133 DSM-IV schizophrenic inpatients on a rehabilitation ward using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test whether social cognition has a stronger and more direct influence on vocational functioning than nonsocial cognition. The results supported the hypothesized model; that is, 25% of work-related social skills could be explained by social cognition and nonsocial cognition. The direct impact of nonsocial cognition on vocational functioning was smaller than the impact of social cognition on work-related social skills. Nevertheless, an overwhelming proportion of social cognition (83%) could be explained by nonsocial cognition.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Familiarity with mental illness and social distance from people with schizophrenia and major depression: testing a model using data from a representative population survey.

OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this study is to examine whether the relationship between familiarity with mental illness and stigmatizing attitudes about mental illness, which had been observed in a previous study based on a sample of community college students (Psychiatr. Serv. 52 (2001) 953), can be replicated using data from a representative population survey. METHODS: In spring 2001, a representative survey was carried out in Germany (n=5025). A personal, fully structured interview was conducted which began with the presentation of a vignette depicting someone with either schizophrenia or major depression. Respondents were asked to respond to measures assessing familiarity, perception of dangerousness, fear, and social distance. Path analysis with manifest variable structural modeling techniques was applied to test the model used in the previous study. RESULTS: Despite differences in methods, most findings of the previous study were replicated. Respondents who were familiar with mental illness were less likely to believe that people with schizophrenia or major depression are dangerous. Weaker perceptions of dangerousness corresponded closely with less fear of such people, which in turn was associated with less social distance. The effect of familiarity was somewhat pervasive: respondents who reported to be familiar with mental illness expressed a less strong desire for social distance. There is also a relatively strong relationship between perceived dangerousness and social distance. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings fully support the notion that approaches to social change which increase the public's familiarity with mental illness will decrease stigma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Understanding adherence to neuroleptic treatment in schizophreniaí.

Understanding the factors that impede and promote adherence by people with schizophrenia to neuroleptic medication is important for treatment planning and relapse prevention. A total of 184 DSM-IV schizophrenia inpatients were examined with the Rating of Medication Influences (ROMI) scale within a context of inpatient vocational rehabilitation. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the underlying dimensions of compliance behavior. The three-dimensional model of Weiden and his associates was confirmed by this study; specific factors included influence of others, medication affinity, and prevention. Additional analyses examined cognitive variables, symptoms, and course variables as predictors of individual factors. Verbal memory and cognitive flexibility were found to be associated with influence of others. Possible consequences for designing compliance enhancing therapeutic interventions are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Social support and recovery in people with serious mental illnesses.

This study examines the relationship between objective and subjective measures of social support with recovery from serious mental illness; recovery has been described as both an outcome state and an ongoing process. One hundred and seventy six people with serious mental illness completed the Recovery Assessment Scale, a process measure of recovery that assessed, among other factors, personal confidence, goal orientation, and non-domination by symptoms. They also were administered the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, a semi-structured interview that assesses psychiatric symptom and represents recovery as an outcome. Finally, research participants completed the Social Network Scale, which assessed size of the overall network plus such important subnetworks as family, friends, and health professionals. The SNS also provided measures of the perceived satisfaction with, mutuality in, and obligation towards individuals in their support network. Results showed people with larger overall network size and more network satisfaction were likely to report higher factors on the Recovery Assessment Scale. For the most part, network size and satisfaction was not significantly associated with psychiatric symptoms. Implications of these findings for better understanding the association between social support and recovery are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Stigmatizing attitudes about mental illness and allocation of resources to mental health services.

This study tests a social psychological model (Skitka & Tetlock, 1992). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 491-522; [1993]. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 65, 1205-1223 stating that policy maker decisions regarding the allocation of resources to mental health services are influenced by their attitudes towards people with mental illness and treatment efficacy. Fifty four individuals participated in a larger study of education about mental health stigma. Participants completed various measures of resource allocation preferences for mandated treatment and rehabilitation services, attributions about people with mental illness, and factors that influence allocation preferences including perceived treatment efficacy. Results showed significant attitudinal correlates with resource allocation preferences for mandated treatment, but no correlates to rehabilitation services. In particular, people who pity people with mental illness as well as those that endorse coercive and segregated treatments, were more likely to rate resource allocation to mandated care as important. Perceived treatment efficacy was also positively associated with resource allocation preferences for mandated treatment. A separate behavioral measure that involved donating money to NAMI was found to be inversely associated with blaming people for their mental illness and not being willing to help them. Implications of these findings on strategies that seek to increase resources for mental health programs are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

At issue: Stop the stigma: call mental illness a brain disease.

Educating the public that mental illness is a brain disease is a popular strategy for combating mental illness stigma. Evidence suggests that while such an approach reduces blame for mental illness, it may unintentionally exacerbate other components of stigma, particularly the benevolence and dangerousness stigmas. Conversely, psychosocial explanations have proven promising, yet they ignore the growing evidence regarding genetic and biological factors. We propose a balanced approach that combats the various myths about mental illness with factual information.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2004

Structural levels of mental illness stigma and discrimination.

Most of the models that currently describe processes related to mental illness stigma are based on individual-level psychological paradigms. In this article, using a sociological paradigm, we apply the concepts of structural discrimination to broaden our understanding of stigmatizing processes directed at people with mental illness. Structural, or institutional, discrimination includes the policies of private and governmental institutions that intentionally restrict the opportunities of people with mental illness. It also includes major institutions' policies that are not intended to discriminate but whose consequences nevertheless hinder the options of people with mental illness. After more fully defining intentional and unintentional forms of structural discrimination, we provide current examples of each. Then we discuss the implications of structural models for advancing our understanding of mental illness stigma, including the methodological challenges posed by this paradigm.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed2004

Changing middle schoolers' attitudes about mental illness through education.

The field test of The Science of Mental Illness curriculum supplement for middle school (grades 6-8) children provided an opportunity to assess knowledge and attitudes about mental illness in more than 1,500 middle school students throughout the United States and to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on stigma-related attitudes. Two primary questions were examined: (1) what are the baseline knowledge and attitudes about mental illness in this sample of middle school students, and (2) does participation in a curriculum about the science of mental illness increase knowledge and improve attitudes about mental illness? Consistent with findings from other studies, results indicate that students had some understanding of mental illness as a problem of the brain with biological and psychosocial causes; however, they lacked knowledge about treatment and overall were "not sure" about many aspects of mental illness. The students did not strongly endorse negative attitudes about mental illness at baseline. The curriculum produced significant improvements in both knowledge and attitudes at posttest and was most effective in improving attitudes among those with more negative baseline attitudes. These findings suggest that a brief educational program can be an effective intervention to increase knowledge and improve attitudes about mental illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Examining the factor structure of the recovery assessment scale.

This article follows up on earlier research examining the factor structure of a measure of recovery from serious mental illness. Exactly 1,824 persons with serious mental illness who were participating in the baseline interview for a multistate study on consumer-operated services completed the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS) plus measures representing hope, meaning of life, quality of life, symptoms, and empowerment. Results of exploratory and subsequent confirmatory factor analyses of the RAS for random halves of the sample yielded five factors: personal confidence and hope, willingness to ask for help, goal and success orientation, reliance on others, and no domination by symptoms. Subsequent regression analyses showed that these five factors were uniquely related to the additional constructs assessed in the study. We compared these findings with those of other studies to summarize the factor structure that currently emerges on recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Police officers' attitudes toward and decisions about persons with mental illness.

OBJECTIVE: A significant portion of police work involves contact with persons who have mental illness. This study examined how knowledge that a person has a mental illness influences police officers' perceptions, attitudes, and responses. METHODS: A total of 382 police officers who were taking a variety of in-service training courses were randomly assigned one of eight hypothetical vignettes describing a person in need of assistance, a victim, a witness, or a suspect who either was labeled as having schizophrenia or for whom no information about mental was provided. These officers completed measures that evaluated their perceptions and attitudes about the person described in the vignette. RESULTS: A 4 x 2 multivariate analysis of variance (vignette role by label) examining main and interaction effects on all subscales of the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ) indicated significant main effects for schizophrenia label, vignette role, and the interaction between the two. Subsequent univariate analyses of variance indicated significant main effects for role on all seven subscales of the AQ and for label on all but the anger and credibility subscales. Significant role-by-label interaction effects were found for the responsibility, pity, and credibility subscales. CONCLUSION: Police officers viewed persons with schizophrenia as being less responsible for their situation, more worthy of help, and more dangerous than persons for whom no mental illness information was provided.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Implications of educating the public on mental illness, violence, and stigma.

This study examined how two types of public education programs influenced how the public perceived persons with mental illness, their potential for violence, and the stigma of mental illness. A total of 161 participants were randomly assigned to one of three programs: one that aimed to combat stigma, one that highlighted the association between violence and psychiatric disorders, and a control group. Participants who completed the education-about-violence program were significantly more likely to report attitudes related to fear and dangerousness, to endorse services that coerced persons into treatment and treated them in segregated areas, to avoid persons with mental illness in social situations, and to be reluctant to help persons with mental illness.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Target-specific stigma change: a strategy for impacting mental illness stigma.

In the past decade, mental health advocates and researchers have sought to better understand stigma so that the harm it causes can be erased. In this paper, we propose a target-specific stigma change model to organize the diversity of information into a cogent framework. "Target" here has a double meaning: the power groups that have some authority over the life goals of people with mental illness and specific discriminatory behaviors which power groups might produce that interfere with these goals. Key power groups in the model include landlords, employers, health care providers, criminal justice professionals, policy makers, and the media. Examples are provided of stigmatizing attitudes that influence the discriminatory behavior and social context in which the power group interacts with people with mental illness. Stigma change is most effective when it includes all the components that describe how a specific power group impacts people with mental illness.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2004

Police responses to persons with mental illness: does the label matter?

With the movement of persons with mental illness out of hospitals and into the community, the frequency of contact between police officers and such persons, in crisis or otherwise, has increased significantly. How police respond in these situations has important consequences for the subject, police officers, and the community. Officers (n = 554) from police departments in a major metropolitan area participated in a vignette experiment that examined how information that a subject has a mental illness influences the way police officers respond in several types of situations. Results indicate that officers are less likely to take action based on information provided by victims and witnesses with mental illness. No differences were found in response to suspects with or without a mental illness. The effects of officer characteristics and perceptions of the subject on responses to the vignettes were also examined. Findings suggest several directions for training and future research.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The effects of atypical antipsychotic medications on psychosocial outcomes.

This review examines the question--Do atypical antipsychotic medications improve psychosocial outcomes?--by examining studies that compared the effects of atypicals to conventional antipsychotics or to other atypical medications. The authors reviewed randomized clinical trials of atypical antipsychotic medication that included psychosocial variables as outcomes. Findings from 31 published studies on more than 12,000 individuals generally showed that atypical medications led to significant improvements in negative symptoms compared to conventional antipsychotics. Effects on global assessment of psychosocial functioning and on the quality of life were mixed with only about half the studies reporting significant improvements. Olanzapine yielded the best results on psychosocial functioning; remoxipride was found to yield few significant changes on these variables. This review provides evidence that some atypical antipsychotics may have direct effects on some of the psychosocial disabilities that result from serious mental illness.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed2003

Demonstrating translational research for mental health services: an example from stigma research.

In seeking to understand how the goal of providing efficient and effective mental health services can best be attained, services researchers have developed principles and methods that distinguish it from other research approaches. In 2000, the National Institute of Mental Health called for translational research paradigms that seek to expand the conceptual and methodological base of mental health services with knowledge gained from basic behavioral sciences such as cognitive, developmental, and social psychology. The goal of this paper is to enter the discussion of what is translational research by illustrating a services research program of the Chicago Consortium for Stigma Research on mental illness stigma. Our research strives to explain the prejudice and discrimination that some landlords and employers show toward people with mental illness in terms of basic research from social psychology and contextual sociology. We end the paper with a discussion of the implications of this research approach for the very practical issues of trying to change mental illness stigma.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2003

What works for mental health system change: evolution or revolution?

The mental health system has realized significant metamorphoses in the standards and practices of quality care for people with psychiatric disability during the past decade. Now change agents are wrestling with effective strategies that help real-world systems to adopt programs reflecting these metamorphoses. Two fundamental approaches to systems change are compared and contrasted here: evolution and revolution. First, the authors compare the different ways in which evolution and revolution might approach change in the mental health system. They do this by showing how they might influence the transformation of day treatment into supported employment programs. Then, the authors present the two approaches as naturally occurring change processes that work in tandem to affect real-world adaptations. Finally, they summarize practical strategies that change agents might adopt to realize evolution and revolution. Clearly, all stakeholder groups need to become strategic about system change so that real-world practices keep up with the ideals emerging in practice guidelines and evidence-based practice reviews.

Employment, Supported↗