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Pan-Chyr Yang

Publications and source records attributed to Pan-Chyr Yang.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Longitudinal analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-specific antibody in SARS patients.

The serum antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus of 18 SARS patients were checked at 1 month and every 3 months after disease onset. All of them except one, who missed blood sampling at 1 month, tested positive for the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody at 1 month. Fifteen out of 17 tested positive for the IgM antibody at 1 month. The serum IgM antibody of most patients became undetectable within 6 months after the onset of SARS. The IgG antibody of all 17 patients, whose serum was checked 1 year after disease onset, remained positive.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed2005

Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus RNA in plasma during the course of infection.

We examined severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RNA in plasma of 32 patients (probable SARS cases) by a quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay and reported that the highest detection rate, 75%, was found between day 5 and day 7 of illness, followed by rates of 64, 50, and 38% found between day 8 and day 11, day 2 and day 4, and day 12 and day 16, respectively. Analysis of sequential SARS-CoV load in plasma from six cases revealed different patterns of viremia, with the peak between day 4 and day 8. Our findings of the high detection rate of SARS-CoV RNA in plasma before day 11, together with the relative convenience of collecting and handling plasma, suggest that plasma can be used for early diagnosis of SARS.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Immunofluorescence assay for detection of the nucleocapsid antigen of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus in cells derived from throat wash samples of patients with SARS.

An antigen detection assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus was established in this study by an indirect immunofluorescence test, which utilized cells derived from throat wash samples of patients with SARS and a rabbit serum that recognized the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) but not that of other human coronavirus tested. It detected SARS-CoV in 11 of 17 (65%) samples from SARS patients as early as day 2 of illness but in none of the 10 samples from healthy controls. Compared with other diagnostic modalities for detecting SARS-CoV, this assay is simpler, more convenient, and economical. It could be an alternative for early and rapid diagnosis, should SARS return in the future.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed2005

Mycobacterium tuberculosis inducing disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can develop infrequently in patients with tuberculosis and has a very high mortality rate. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the incidence of tuberculosis-induced DIC and to investigate the clinical manifestation, outcome, and prognostic factors of such patients. From January 2002 to December 2003, all culture-proven tuberculosis patients who developed DIC before starting anti-tuberculosis treatments were selected for this study. Patients who had other clinical conditions or were infected by other pathogens that may have been responsible for their DIC were excluded. Survival analysis was performed for each variable with possible prognostic significance. Our results showed that 27 (3.2%) out of the 833 patients with culture-proven tuberculosis had tuberculosis-induced DIC with a mortality rate of 63.0%. The most common clinical manifestations were fever (63.0%) and multiple patches of pulmonary consolidation (59.3%). Seven (25.9%) patients had disseminated tuberculosis. Twelve (44.4%) developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and three (11.1%) were associated with hemophagocytosis. Twenty-four (88.9%) patients had findings that were unusual for an acute bacterial infection, such as positive acid-fast smear, miliary pulmonary lesions, lymphocytotic exudative pleural effusion, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Early anti-tuberculosis treatment significantly improved survival. In conclusion, tuberculosis can cause DIC. Patients with non-miliary, non-disseminated tuberculosis could also develop the rare clinical manifestation. Since the prognosis was very poor in patients not treated at an early stage, a high index of suspicion is required, especially in those with clinical findings suggestive of tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Negative expiratory pressure in the assessment of bronchodilator response: comparison of spirometry and the interrupter method.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The negative expiratory pressure (NEP) method offers a simple and rapid assessment of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during tidal respiration. This study compared the value of NEP in the assessment of the bronchodilator test (BDT) with those of spirometry and the interrupter method. METHODS: Thirty two patients referred to the lung function laboratory for BDT were investigated. All patients underwent spirometry, interrupter airway resistance (Rint) and NEP measurements in the sitting position before and after inhalation of 500 microg of terbutaline. A positive BDT was defined as an increase in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of > or = 12%. RESULTS: The ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) was less than 70% in 21 (65.6%) patients, but EFL as demonstrated by NEP (EFL-N) was present in only 10 patients (31.3%). The baseline EFL-N was only weakly correlated with FEV1 (r = -0.36, p = 0.04), but not with Rint or FEV1/FVC. Among the 14 patients with positive BDT results, the change in FEV1 was correlated with the change in Rint (r = -0.69, p < 0.01), but not with the change in EFL-N. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that, compared with spirometry and the interrupter method, NEP applied in the sitting position is not sensitive in the assessment of bronchodilator response in patients with obstructive airway disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Evolution of pulmonary pathology in severe acute respiratory syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is characterized by fever with rapid progression to acute respiratory distress and it is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Transmission patterns suggest spread by respiratory droplet or close person-to-person contact. To elucidate the correlation of clinical presentation to the pathogenesis and course of the disease, we reviewed the pulmonary pathologic specimens of SARS patients taken at different stages of the disease. METHODS: Four "probable" cases of SARS were studied. SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection was demonstrated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in all 4 patients. The pulmonary specimens were taken on day 7 after symptom onset in patient 1, day 11 in patient 2, day 17 in patient 3, and day 21 in patient 4. RESULTS: The autopsy lung tissue from patient 1, who died 7 days after symptoms onset due to the complication of acute myocardial infarction, revealed mild histologic change in the lung. Only focal pulmonary edema or hemorrhage was seen. In the second patient, who died 11 days after symptom onset, severe acute alveolar damage was characterized by patchy or diffuse lung edema, hyaline membrane formation, and scarce lymphocytic infiltration. The lymphocytes were mostly CD3-positive and CD20-negative. In the third patient, biopsy specimen taken 17 days after symptom onset showed patches of organizing pneumonia with reactive fibroblastic proliferation, more abundant type II pneumocytes and clustering of CD68-positive macrophages within the alveolar spaces. Few CD68-positive syncytial multinucleated giant cells were also seen in the specimens but no viral inclusion body could be identified in these cells. The lung biopsy specimen from patient 4 taken 21 days after symptom onset showed characteristics of the fibrotic stage, with significant myofibroblastic proliferation in the alveolar space and interstitium resulting in loss of pulmonary architecture. The number of CD3-positive lymphocytes and of CD68-positive macrophages in this specimen from a patient in the fibrotic phase of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) whose condition deteriorated was less than in the specimen from case 3 who was in the early proliferative phase of DAD and eventually recovered. CONCLUSIONS: The histologic evolution of SARS coincided with the different stages of DAD: acute, proliferative organizing, and fibrotic stages. SARS cannot be differentiated from the other etiologies of DAD by morphologic examination alone. The absence of DAD does not rule out the possibility of SARS-CoV infection, particularly in the early stage of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Trends in the mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Taiwan, 1981-2002.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The reported prevalence, morbidity and mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) varies in different countries due to actual differences and to differences in classification criteria. This study analyzed the trends in COPD mortality and its rank among leading causes of death in Taiwan. METHODS: Using national mortality and population data, we identified COPD as a cause of death according to codes 490 (bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic), 491 (chronic bronchitis), 492 (emphysema) as has been officially calculated previously in Taiwan, and by adding code 496 (chronic airway obstruction, not elsewhere classified) of the ninth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). We calculated crude, age-adjusted and age-specific mortality rates and analyzed the rank of COPD as a cause of death for the period from 1981 to 2002. RESULTS: Crude COPD mortality was unchanged from 1981 to 1993 at 8.26 to 8.47 deaths per 100,000 population, and steadily increased thereafter to 17.88 per 100,000 in 2002. After age standardization, mortality decreased from 8.26 to 4.91 per 100,000 population from 1981 to 1993 and then increased to a peak of 7.36 per 100,000 in 1999. This increase was due to greater increase in mortality in men. COPD mortality decreased steadily throughout the study period in those younger than 65 years while in older groups, it decreased during 1981-1991 and then increased. ICD-9 code A323 (including codes 490-493) has been previously used in official mortality data for asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema in Taiwan without inclusion of a specific code for chronic airway obstruction. According to our analysis, this method underestimated two-thirds of real overall mortality due to COPD and asthma. By including COPD and asthma, the obstructive airway disease category increased from 11th to sixth as a cause of death in 2002. CONCLUSIONS: In Taiwan, mortality rates for COPD decreased from 1981 to 1993 and increased thereafter, which is largely attributable to increased rates in men. COPD is increasingly important and a leading cause of death in Taiwan.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Intrathoracic kidney.

Intrathoracic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly. However, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of posterior mediastinal masses, as confirmation of the diagnosis obviates the need for further clinical studies, further treatment, and unnecessary surgery. Chest computed tomography (CT) is an important and efficient tool in confirming the diagnosis. We report a 50-year-old man who suffered from nonspecific chest pain for 2 years. He denied a history of major traumatic chest injury. Chest radiograph revealed a left posterior mediastinal mass, which was later confirmed by chest CT to be a congenital intrathoracic kidney.

Choristoma↗
PubMed2005

The role of bronchoscopic assessment in esophageal cancer - clinical and survival analysis in 153 patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The diagnostic value and indications for fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the preoperative assessment of patients with esophageal cancer have not been fully studied. We evaluated the role of fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination in the stage work-up of patients with esophageal cancer and correlated the results with survival time analysis. METHODS: The medical records of 153 patients with an initial diagnosis of esophageal cancer were reviewed. Clinical data, bronchoscopic findings, treatment courses, and survival time of these patients were analyzed. RESULTS: On initial bronchoscopic examinations, distortion/compression of the normal structure and protrusion at the posterior wall of the trachea or bronchus were the most common bronchoscopic findings (35.9%). We stratified patients into 3 subgroups according to bronchoscopic findings of direct invasion, external compression, and negative findings. The symptoms of dyspnea, hoarseness, aspiration and fever were more frequent in patients with direct airway invasion compared with patients with external compression and negative bronchoscopic findings (p < 0.02). Washing and brushing cytology examinations were all negative in patients with external compression of the airway. There was a significant difference of survival time among these 3 groups of patients (direct invasion: 5.6 +/- 0.6 months; external compression: 12.3 +/- 0.9 months; negative findings: 13.3 +/- 1.1 months, p < 0.01). Direct airway invasion and original cancer stage were the most important variables for survival in the multivariate analysis, and the hazard ratio for prognosis was 2.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.6) and 4.2 (95% CI, 1.5-9.3), respectively. Twelve patients (80%) with tracheoesophageal (TE) fistulae died within 3 months after diagnosis due to aspiration pneumonia and septic shock. CONCLUSIONS: The role of bronchoscopic examination in patients with esophageal cancer for preoperative evaluation resides in its ability to predict airway invasion and its impact on survival. Advanced cancer stage (stage IV) and direct airway invasion (especially TE fistula) were significantly associated with poor prognosis. These results suggest that patients suffering from dyspnea, hoarseness, aspiration and fever, implicating a high probability of airway invasion, are more likely to benefit from bronchoscopic examination and proper management in order to prevent aspiration or complications.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed2005

CD44 splicing pattern is associated with disease progression in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Certain alternatively spliced exons of CD44 gene have been associated with specific functions. However, these functions may have come from inclusion of a central array of alternatively spliced exons, rather than a single one. The goals of this study were to analyze all of the variant exons included by alternative splicing, the entire population of CD44 mRNA transcripts, and the prognostic implications of CD44 mRNA and protein isoforms expressed by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Using a polymerase chain reaction protocol with short reaction times, we amplified, sequenced and quantified CD44 mRNA transcripts from 52 samples of NSCLC to determine the splicing patterns of alternatively included exons and the proportion of each CD44 mRNA transcript. The expression of CD44 standard form and variant isoforms CD44v3 and CD44v6 were also analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: Normal lung and NSCLC expressed CD44 mRNA transcripts containing variant exons v10, v8-10, v6-10, v3-10 and v2-10. In squamous cell carcinoma, the expression rates of these mRNA transcripts were equal to or higher than those of the normal lung, and the splicing pattern was not associated with disease progression. In adenocarcinoma, the expression rates of CD44v6-10, v3-10 and v2-10 mRNA were lower than in normal lung. The down-regulation of CD44v6-10, CD44v3-10 mRNA and CD44v6 protein paralleled the progression of adenocarcinoma. Recurrence of adenocarcinoma was associated with negative expression of CD44v6-10 or CD44v3-10 mRNA, and with low-level expression of CD44v6 or CD44v3 by IHC. Negative expression of CD44v6-10 mRNA and reduced expression of CD44 v6 protein were associated with a shorter disease-free and overall survival in the univariate but not the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that CD44 splicing pattern is associated with disease progression in adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Gefitinib treatment for non-small cell lung cancer -- a study including patients with poor performance status.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gefitinib is effective in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, most studies have only investigated patients who have good performance status or are evaluable. This study evaluated the efficacy of geftinib in a consecutive series of patients with NSCLC. METHODS: The treatment response of all gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients from November 2001 to September 2003 at a single medical institute was retrospectively evaluated. All patients receiving at least 1 dose of gefitinib during the study period were included. RESULTS: A total of 66 NSCLC patients were treated, including 22 patients with Eastern Clinical Oncology Group performance status 3 or 4. No prior chemotherapy had been given in 14 patients because of their personal preference or poor general condition. The duration of treatment ranged from 1 day to 19.3 months (median, 2.5 months). The partial remission rate was 15.2% and the stable disease rate was 25.8%. The median survival for all patients was 5.9 months and the 1-year survival rate was 27.9%. Symptom improvement and response correlated well to survival. Female gender, non-smoking status, and performance status of 0-2 were associated with better survival. The disease control rate was 22.7% in patients with performance status of 3-4. CONCLUSIONS: Gefitinib can be recommended for the treatment of advanced NSCLC in patients for whom standard chemotherapy is not an option. Further study is required to determine the optimal selection criteria of patients and the timing of starting therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung fibrosis after ingestion of a high dose of ortho-phenylphenol.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) and its sodium salt are used as fungicides and antibacterial agents, ingestion of which has been found to cause liver toxicity, renal toxicity and carcinomas in the urinary tract of rats. Lung damage due to OPP ingestion has not been reported in humans. We report a suicidal 39-year-old woman with stage II cervical cancer who drank a potentially lethal dose of OPP in the form of a commercial antiseptic, which led to the complication of liver and renal function impairment, severe lung damage with acute respiratory distress syndrome and subsequent severe lung fibrosis. Open lung biopsy showed diffuse alveolar damage. She was discharged after 34 days of hospitalization with continuing domiciliary oxygen therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Clinical manifestations and inflammatory cytokine responses in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a highly transmissible disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Death from SARS is most often due to rapidly progressive respiratory compromise (acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS) and subsequent multi-organ dysfunction. However, the mechanisms evoking respiratory distress and a fulminant systemic response remain unclear. In order to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS, we analyzed clinical manifestations and levels of serum cytokines of SARS patients. METHODS: Fourteen hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of SARS-associated coronavirus infection at National Taiwan University Hospital from March to May 2003 were included. Data on clinical manifestations, parameters of laboratory tests, complications and final outcomes of patients were collected retrospectively. Serial plasma inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) of preserved serum were measured by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: All 14 patients had fever, dry cough and dyspnea. Twelve were intubated during hospitalization. The median duration from onset of fever to the nadir level or most severe condition was 9 days for hypoxia, 7 days for lymphocytopenia, 6.5 days for thrombocytopenia, 9.5 days for maximal pulmonary infiltrates; to peak serum levels was 9 days for C-reactive protein (CRP), 10.5 days for IL-6, 13.5 days for IL-8 and 12 days for TNF-alpha; to defervescence was 13 days. There was no significant elevation of serum IL-1beta levels in any of the 14 patients. There were no significant differences in peak levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha between patients with and without ARDS. The 8 patients who died tended to have higher peak levels of serum TNF-alpha compared to those who survived (14 vs 9.1 pg/mL; p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Rapid elevation of inflammatory cytokines-IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha might play a role in the development of SARS-related ARDS. The timing of elevations in inflammatory cytokines and CRP is correlated with progression of pulmonary infiltrates of SARS patients. The peak level of serum TNF-alpha tends to be higher in patients who die of SARS than in those who survive. Our results indicate that CRP and TNF-alpha might be used as prognostic markers of SARS.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of a 411-bp fragment of the rpoB gene in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a university hospital in northern Taiwan.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study analyzed rpoB gene mutation and its correlation with demographic and clinical data, and the drug resistance profile in 41 consecutive patients with rifampin (RIF)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated at National Taiwan University Hospital from 2000 to 2002. METHODS: The 411-bp fragment of the rpoB gene from 94 M. tuberculosis isolates (including 41 RIF-resistant and 53 RIF-susceptible isolates) was amplified and sequenced. RESULTS: Of the 41 RIF-resistant isolates, 87.8% (36/41) showed mutations in rpoB. The following mutations were identified: Ser531 (68.3%), His526 (9.8%), Ser522 (4.9%) and Gln513 (4.9%). No silent substitutions were observed. No mutation within the entire 411-bp fragment was found in 12.2% (5/41) of the RIF-resistant isolates and 100% (53/53) of the RIF-susceptible isolates. Patients whose RIF-resistant isolates did not have rpoB mutation had higher frequencies of the following characteristics: elderly, no previous history of tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus-negative, no extrapulmonary tuberculosis involvement and favorable prognosis. Drug resistance patterns in RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis strains were significantly correlated with isoniazid resistance, i.e., multidrug-resistant strains (90.2%). CONCLUSIONS: RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates with rpoB mutation were clustered in the 69-bp core region in this study. Rapid detection of RIF resistance could be achieved by testing for rpoB mutation in Taiwan.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Timing of tracheostomy as a determinant of weaning success in critically ill patients: a retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Tracheostomy is frequently performed in critically ill patients for prolonged intubation. However, the optimal timing of tracheostomy, and its impact on weaning from mechanical ventilation and outcomes in critically ill patients who require mechanical ventilation remain controversial. METHODS: The medical records of patients who underwent tracheostomy in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary medical centre from July 1998 to June 2001 were reviewed. Clinical characteristics, length of stay in the ICU, rates of post-tracheostomy pneumonia, weaning from mechanical ventilation and mortality rates were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 163 patients (93 men and 70 women) were included; their mean age was 70 years. Patients were classified into two groups: successful weaning (n = 78) and failure to wean (n = 85). Shorter intubation periods (P = 0.02), length of ICU stay (P = 0.001) and post-tracheostomy ICU stay (P = 0.005) were noted in patients in the successful weaning group. Patients who underwent tracheostomy more than 3 weeks after intubation had higher ICU mortality rates and rates of weaning failure. The length of intubation correlated with the length of ICU stay in the successful weaning group (r = 0.70; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that tracheostomy after 3 weeks of intubation, poor oxygenation before tracheostomy (arterial oxygen tension/fractional inspired oxygen ratio <250) and occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia after tracheostomy were independent predictors of weaning failure. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that tracheostomy after 21 days of intubation is associated with a higher rate of failure to wean from mechanical ventilation, longer ICU stay and higher ICU mortality.

APACHE↗
PubMed2004

Survival of stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer patients who received chemotherapy but did not participate in clinical trials.

This study was designed to compare the outcome of stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer patients who were treated with chemotherapy but did not participate in clinical trials of first-line chemotherapy with patients that had been treated with three clinical trials during this period. From October 1997 through October 1999, 132 patients (stage IIIB, 31 patients; stage IV, 101 patients) who received at least one dose of chemotherapy but did not participate in first-line chemotherapy trials were included. Response was evaluated in 132 patients. Six (4.5%) achieved a complete response and 32 (24.3%) achieved a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 28.8% (95% CI, 21.0-36.6). The median overall survival for all 132 patients was 11 months (95% CI, 9.5-12.5), and the median progression-free survival was 4.2 months (95% CI, 3.4-5.0). The median overall and progression-free survival for patients (N=129) who participated in one of three clinical trials during the study period was 13.5 months (95% CI, 11.2-15.8) and 5.6 months (95% CI, 4.9-6.0), respectively. There was no significant difference in overall and progression-free survival between patients who did or did not participate in clinical trials (overall survival: P=0.36; progression-free survival: P=0.57). Our data suggest that the survival of patients who received chemotherapy but did not participate in clinical trials was similar to patients participated in clinical trials.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Tumor-associated macrophages: the double-edged sword in cancer progression.

PURPOSE: Inflammation plays a critical role in cancer progression. In this study we investigate the pro-tumorigenic activities and gene expression profiles of lung cancer cells after interaction with macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured intratumoral microvessel counts and macrophage density in 41 lung cancer tumor specimens and correlated these with the patients' clinical outcome. The interaction between macrophages and cancer cell lines was assessed using a transwell coculture system. The invasive potential was evaluated by in vitro invasion assay. The matrix-degrading activity was assayed by gelatin zymography. The microarray was applied to a large-scale analysis of the genes involved in the interaction, as well as to monitor the gene expression profiles of lung cancer cells responding to anti-inflammatory drugs in cocultures. RESULTS: The macrophage density positively correlated with microvessel counts and negatively correlated with patient relapse-free survival (P < .05). After coculture with macrophages, lung cancer cell lines exhibited higher invasive potentials and matrix-degrading activities. We identified 50 genes by microarray that were upregulated more than two-fold in cancer cells after coculture. Northern blot analyses confirmed some gene expression such as interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and matrix metalloproteinase 9. The two-dimensional hierarchical clustering also demonstrated that the gene expression profiles of lung cancer cells responding to various anti-inflammatory drugs in cocultures are distinct. CONCLUSION: The interaction of lung cancer cells and macrophages can promote the invasiveness and matrix-degrading activity of cancer cells. Our results also suggest that a great diversity of gene expression occurs in this interaction, which may assist us in understanding the process of cancer metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗