Evaluation of medical rehabilitation in community based rehabilitation.
Almost all governments and non-governmental organisations in developing countries use a community-based rehabilitation (CBR) approach to work with disabled people. Although disabled people's organisations reject the categorisation of disability in individual terms, 'medical rehabilitation' is still regarded as an important but time limited process within rehabilitation. The paper lists measures and methods used in a comprehensive evaluation, and presents a practical method to examine the quality of medical rehabilitation. The method was developed and applied in an evaluation of service needs and service provision for disabled people in low-income communities, for the Ministry of Welfare, Government of India. The method described is a tracer approach. It assesses quality in three aspects of medical rehabilitation: (i) Technical quality, based on application of minimum technical standards for each impairment. (ii) Interpersonal quality, by observation of service sessions and interviews with service users. (iii) Management (structural) quality, by comparing the rehabilitation goals of service users and service providers. The method differs from most others in that it is process oriented, as opposed to output oriented. The method meets the challenges of providing low-cost assessment of a difficult outcome measure (the quality of medical rehabilitation), within a complex process (CBR). It is anticipated that the tracer method will be useful to the objective evaluation of disability services throughout the developing world.