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P Y Donnio

Publications and source records attributed to P Y Donnio.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Suitability of intraoperative autotransfusion].

This work presents the procedure applied by our hospital to assess the quality and security of intra operative autotransfusion. The suitability of the three following variables has to be constantly assessed: performance of the machines to concentrate and wash collected blood, bacterial contamination of processed blood and rate of adverse events. We note that the procedure is applied with participation of medical and nursing staff. Since its setting-up, we note an amelioration of suitable variables.

Blood Loss, Surgical↗
PubMed2002

[Antibiotics resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Results from the Brittany registry for 1999].

Throughout 1999, clinical microbiology laboratories of 13 hospitals in Brittany have recovered Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in 832 patients, 312 (37.5%) female and 518 (62.2%) male. Two hundred fifty five of them (30.6%) were children. One hundred eighty eight isolates were recovered from blood cultures (22.6%), 16 from CSF (1.9%), 449 from lungs (54%), and 88 from ear exsudates (10.6%).A 5 microgram oxacillin-disk test was used to detect isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin G. Determination of MICs of penicillin G, amoxicillin and cefotaxime were then performed by agar dilution method on 402 strains previously categorized resistant or intermediate. Five hundred forty six isolates were PSDP, 33.5% of them were resistant to penicillin G, 2.2% to amoxicillin and 0.2% to cefotaxime. As expected, a decreased susceptibility to beta-lactamins was frequently associated with resistance to macrolides, cotrimoxazole and tetracycline. Among PSDP, the most prevalent serotypes were 23 (23.7%), 14 (23.5%) and 19 (19.1%). In Brittany, the constant rise of PSDP (1993-1994: 28.5%; 1997: 56.4%; 1999: 65.6 %) could be perhaps explain by analysis of social and demographic data.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Comparative study of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of levofloxacin against Pasteurella strains isolated from man].

The MICs of seven quinolones, nalidixic acid, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, d-ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin, were determined by agar dilution method comparatively to those of amoxycillin, cefpodoxime, doxycyclin and clarithromycin against 75 clinical isolates of Pasteurella multocida, P. dagmatis and P. canis. Time-kill method was performed for three selected P. multocida isolates. Fluoroquinolones were the most active agents. At concentration of 0.016 mg/L of sparfloxacin or levofloxacin the 75 isolates were inhibited. The MICs of levofloxacin and sparfloxacin showed that the activity of these molecules was two to four times higher than that of the other quinolones studied. Time-kill studies showed a complete killing in six hours with the CMI x 2 of pefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin. This result was obtained more rapidly with the quinolones than with amoxicillin or cefpodoxime. Doxycycline and clarithromycin were devoid of bactericidal activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Pneumococcal antibiotic resistance. Data from 6 regional registries for 1999].

RESISTANCE BY REGION: Resistance varied greatly by region, ranging from 34.2% resistant strains in Alsace to 63.1% in Brittany. The incidence of resistant strains was always higher in children (especially in children aged 1 to 5 years) and in ENT samples. The time course of resistance has varied between regions, as has that of serotypes. CRUCIAL FINDING: In these 6 regions, and despite a high incidence (that varied from one region to another) of reduced susceptibility strains for penicillin G, amoxicillin (19-32%) and cefotaxime (6.5-18.5%), amoxicillin-cefotaxime resistant strains remained very rare (0.2-3.5%).

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1999

Comparative antimicrobial resistance and genomic diversity of Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in the community and in hospitals.

Well-defined community- and nosocomially-acquired isolates of Escherichia coli responsible for urinary tract infections were studied for their resistance to beta-lactams, quinolones, and co-trimoxazole, antibiotics widely used for treatment of urinary infections. For each strain, an antibiogram was obtained using the Vitek automat, which estimates the minimal inhibitory concentrations of various drugs. Nosocomial strains were significantly more amoxycillin-resistant than community strains (P = 0.01) and were also significantly more resistant to co-trimoxazole (P = 0.025) and first generation quinolones (P = 0.02) than the latter. To determine whether this was due to transmission of strains within the hospital, DNA restriction patterns, established using XbaI enzyme and separation by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, were compared. Extreme genomic diversity was found among both the community and nosocomial strains. The increased frequency of resistance among nosocomial strains is thus not due to transmission of resistant hospital strains but probably results from the selection of resistant strains from the endogenous flora of patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1999

Increasing incidence and comparison of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium isolates from humans and animals.

We determined the resistance to quinolone of 309 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium strains isolated from humans and animals (cattle, pigs, or poultry) in 1995 or 1996. Nalidixic acid resistance increased from 8.5% in 1995 to 18.6% in 1996. The highest resistance levels correlated with a mutation at Ser-83 (or Asp-82). All strains remained ciprofloxacin susceptible. Human and animal isolates were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the banding patterns of the human isolates most closely matched those of the bovine isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Growing incidence of nalidixic acid resistance and sensitivity to quinolones in Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated from man or animal].

To determine the prevalence of quinolone resistance in Salmonella typhimurium strains from humans or animals (cattle, poultry, swine), the S. typhimurium strains isolated at a teaching hospital and at the central veterinary laboratory of the same district between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1996 were studied. Susceptibility to nalidixic acid was determined using the disk diffusion method. Strains with decreased susceptibility to nalidixic acid were subjected to minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination for pefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, and grepafloxacin. Decreased susceptibility to nalidixic acid was demonstrated for 41 of the 309 strains studied and increased from 8.5% in 1995 to 18.6% in 1996. MIC90 values of fluoroquinolones for strains with decreased susceptibility to nalidixic acid were lower than 1 mg/L, which is the cutoff above which a strain is classified as susceptible, but were higher than for strains that were susceptible to nalidixic acid. These low levels of resistance may be the first step in selection of mutant strains with high levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones. This warrants continued monitoring of resistance of Salmonella to fluoroquinolones.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Selective intrapartum anti-bioprophylaxy of group B streptococci infection of neonates: a prospective study in 2454 subsequent deliveries.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of a selective intrapartum prophylaxy of group B streptococci (GBS) infection of the neonates. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective protocol of universal antepartum screening of GBS and selective intrapartum treatment from the 1st February 1994 to the 31st December 1995, on 2454 subsequent deliveries was designed. Our policy included: (1) antepartum screening as soon as possible after 28 weeks by a single vaginal and perianal sample for culture; (2) intrapartum recognition of one condition of high risk of fetal contamination during labor (these conditions included: a temperature of 38 degrees C during labor, rupture of membranes for more than 12 h or prolonged labor for more than 12 h with rupture of membranes, prematurity, twins, maternal diabetes, previous pregnancy with GBS infection of the neonate); and (3) intrapartum anti-bioprophylaxy (amoxicillin) for women with positive screening during pregnancy and one condition of high risk of fetal contamination during labor. We studied the outcome of neonates during this period to look for immediate GBS severe infection of the neonates in the form of bacteraemia or meningitis and compared the results with the rate of neonatal infection before this protocol (4.5/1000 live births in 1993). RESULTS: We noted that 11% of pregnant women were carriers, 25% of which led to antibiotic chemoprophylaxis during the labor. We noticed four cases of neonatal bacteraemia of GBS. One case arose from the group of carriers (but no condition of risk of fetal contamination during the labor and no chemoprophylaxy). The three other cases were from women with a negative antepartum screening. There was no case of meningitis and all four babies were in good health at day 10 of life. Comparing with results prior to the study, we noticed that the rate of neonatal bacteraemia dropped from 4.5 to 1.6 per 1000 livebirths (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This protocol of intrapartum anti-bioprophylaxy significantly decreases the rate of GBS neonatal sepsis. We propose to improve the efficacy of this prevention program, especially with regard to the method of antepartum screening of pregnant women colonized with GBS.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

First European case of gastroenteritis and bacteremia due to Vibrio hollisae.

Vibrio hollisae is a pathogenic Vibrio species known to cause gastroenteritis in humans after the consumption of shellfish. All cases of infection reported previously were restricted to the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States. A case of gastroenteritis and bacteremia in a previously healthy 76-year-old man who ate cockles from the Quiberon Bay in Brittany, France, is described. This is the first report of Vibrio hollisae infection in Europe.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia complicated by Mycobacterium fortuitum and Aspergillus fumigatus infections.

We report the case of a nonimmunocompromised female patient, who developed exogenous lipoid pneumonia with Mycobacterium fortuitum infection at diagnosis, later followed by Aspergillus fumigatus infection. The association of exogenous lipoid pneumonia with atypical mycobacterial infection is uncommon but well-recognized, but, to our knowledge, association with A. fumigatus infection has not previously been reported.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1995

[Pasteurelloses].

According to the genetic relationships among Gram-negative bacilli the genus Pasteurella is included with the genus Haemophilus and the genus Acinobacillus within the family Pasteurellacae. Pasteurella multocida, the type species, is responsible for the majority of human Pasteurella infections. P. multocida is a member of the normal flora in the upper respiratory tract of many mammals or birds. It causes sporadic or epidemic diseases among different animal species, particularly pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis in swine in intensive breeding stations. The most common human infection with P. multocida is a local cellulitis following dog or cat bites and scratches. Serious local complications are sometimes responsible for prolonged disability. The respiratory tract is the second human source of P. multocida isolates. The frequency of recovery of P. multocida from oropharynx of apparently healthy pig breeders suggests that respiratory pasteurellosis could be an occupational disease. The mechanisms of virulence of P. multocida are unclear. Several factors are involved: capsules preventing phagocytosis, a dermonecrotic toxin causing experimental atrophic rhinitis, hyaluronidase, neuraminidase and proteases. Penicillin is considered to be the drug of choice for Pasteurella infection. Tetracyclin is efficient for bites but has no bactericidal effect. Oxacillin, first-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and aminoglycosides have poor activities. In the case of beta-lactamase producing strains a bactericidal effect could be achieved with fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporins.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin. Comparison with others active antibiotics against Pasteurella multocida].

Bactericidal activities of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin were compared to other antibiotics active against human isolates of Pasteurella multocida. Three human isolates of Pasteurella multocida were used for killing-curve studies with ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin comparatively to others antibiotics. At 2x the MIC, ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin exhibited a killing of more than 99.9% of the initial viable cells that was achieved within 6 h of incubation. These activities were faster than those of amoxycillin and cefpodoxime. No regrowth was observed after 24 h of incubation. Doxycycline and clarithromycin used at MICx2 had no bactericidal activities. It was concluded that fluoroquinolones, namely ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin, can be considered having good bactericidal activity against P. multocida.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiologic analysis of glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus strains in neutropenic patients receiving prolonged vancomycin administration.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci have been isolated with increasing frequency since 1988. Thus far, most of these resistant enterococci have belonged to the Enterococcus faecium species, and epidemiological studies have shown a wide diversity among interhospital and intrahospital isolates. This report presents an epidemiologic investigation of 25 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus strains--24 Enterococcus faecium and one Enterococcus gallinarum--isolated from the stools or blood of adult patients receiving intravenous vancomycin prophylaxis during neutropenia and hospitalized in a single hematologic unit. Macrorestriction patterns of total DNA and of ribosomal DNA regions were used to analyze the strains. Strains produced different total DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns after SmaI digestion. Ribotyping was less discriminative than pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results confirmed the genetic unrelatedness of the strains. Prolonged vancomycin administration, commonly used in hematologic units, could be involved in the selection of endogenous resistant enterococcal strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Use of ribotyping to investigate tracheal colonisation by Staphylococcus epidermidis as a source of bacteremia in ventilated newborns.

Ribotyping was used to determine whether a relationship exists between endotracheal tube colonisation with Staphylococcus epidermidis and bacteremia with this organism. Over a three-week period, four mechanically ventilated preterm babies presented with five episodes of infection and bacteremia. For each blood specimen obtained for culture a tracheal aspirate sample was collected at the same time by suctioning. After DNA extraction and cleavage by EcoRI, hybridisation was performed with a digoxigenin-labelled 16S-rDNA probe from Escherichia coli. Five different band patterns were recognised on the membrane. In two children the same band pattern was found in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from both blood and tracheal aspirate. Ribotyping thus could be used to differentiate a series of infections from an outbreak and showed that a relationship may exist between tracheal colonisation and bacteremia in mechanically ventilated newborns.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1994

Pasteurella multocida: oropharyngeal carriage and antibody response in breeders.

The presence of Pasteurella multocida in the oropharynx of 58 pig, cattle or rabbit breeders whose livestock had suffered from pasteurellosis was investigated using a selective medium. Blood samples for serological studies were collected at the same moment. Nineteen breeders were found to host one P multocida subsp multocida strain. Oropharyngeal carriage of P multocida was found to be more frequent in pig breeders (42% of individuals) than in cattle (10%) or rabbit (0%) breeders. Genomic polymorphism among 10 D2 strains was found by restriction endonuclease analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (REA-PFGE). Antibodies to P multocida were found in the sera of 32 of these 58 breeders, whereas only 2 of the 70 controls had antibodies. These results, recorded from healthy individuals, show that P multocida, acting as an opportunistic bacterium, may be responsible for occupational diseases. Nevertheless, the strong prevalence of specific antibodies makes the presence of antibodies in the sera of these breeders an insufficient indication of a current patent infection.

Adult↗