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Biomedical subjects

P Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to P Wilson.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by cyclopropylamine derivatives of squalene in human hepatoblastoma cells in culture.

Two squalene derivatives, trisnorsqualene cyclopropylamine and trisnorsqualene N-methylcyclopropylamine, were synthesized and tested for inhibition of lanosterol and squalene epoxide formation from squalene in rat hepatic microsomes, and for the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in human cultured hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells. Trisnorsqualene cyclopropylamine inhibited [3H]-squalene conversion to [3H]squalene epoxide in microsomes (IC50 = 5.0 microM), indicating that this derivative inhibited squalene mono-oxygenase. Trisnorsqualene N-methylcyclopropylamine inhibited [3H]squalene conversion to [3H]lanosterol (IC50 = 12.0 microM) and caused [3H]-squalene epoxide to accumulate in microsomes, indicating that this derivative inhibited 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase. Cholesterol biosynthesis from [14C]acetate in HepG2 cells was inhibited by both derivatives (IC50 = 1.0 microM for trisnorsqualene cyclopropylamine; IC50 = 0.5 microM for trisnorsqualene N-methylcyclopropylamine). Cells incubated with trisnorsqualene cyclopropylamine accumulated [14C]squalene, while cells incubated with trisnorsqualene N-methylcyclopropylamine accumulated [14C]squalene epoxide and [14C]squalene diepoxide. The concentration range of inhibitor which caused these intermediates to accumulate coincided with that which inhibited cholesterol synthesis. The results indicate that cyclopropylamine derivatives of squalene are effective inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis, and that substitutions at the nitrogen affect enzyme selectivity and thus the mechanism of action of the compounds.

Acetates↗
PubMed1992

Parathyroid stimulation after bleeding in man.

A role for the PTH-calcium axis in the normal bone-marrow response to bleeding or erythropoietin administration has been demonstrated in rats. We studied 20 autologous blood donors, each donating two units of blood, who served as a human bleeding model. Fifteen patients completed the study. Blood donations were followed by a significant increase in serum intact PTH (2.15 +/- 0.67 to 2.81 +/- 0.84 pmol/l; p = 0.0003) and protein-corrected total calcium (2.43 +/- 0.09 to 2.49 +/- 0.08 mmol/l; p = 0.2). All the individual values remained within the normal range. PTH weakly correlated with the reticulocyte count, but not with the corrected serum calcium. We conclude that moderate bleeding in humans is followed by a physiological increase in serum PTH and calcium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Walk a mile in my shoes.

This RN, RRA-eligible, presented an inservice educational program on an average day in the life of a nurse to a Medical Record Department. The following article is her presentation.

Job Description↗
PubMed1991

Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for "all-comers".

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and effective procedure in specialist centres, but its wider application will depend on the ability of general surgeons to become skilled in this technique. 180 patients underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy during a nine-month period at a single district general hospital. All patients who would have been eligible for elective open cholecystectomy were offered the laparoscopic alternative. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was abandoned in favour of an open procedure in 10 (6%) patients. Median operating time was 55 min. 2 patients had serious morbidity (right hepatic duct injury and a duodenal fistula) and there were no deaths. 3 patients required subsequent treatment for retained common duct stones. 90% of patients were discharged within 48 h of the operation and the median time to resume full activity after discharge was 12 days. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and cost-effective technique in a district general hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(4;11) translocation after osteogenic sarcoma.

The authors report a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with t(4;11) (q21;q23) occurring 9 months after treatment of osteogenic sarcoma. Cell surface marker and molecular analyses suggest early B lineage involvement. This is the first report, to the knowledge of the authors, of t(4;11) ALL arising after an osteogenic sarcoma. The observations of the authors support the possibility of a causal relationship between exposure to carcinogens and the occurrence of leukemia with t(4;11).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Immunocytochemical determination of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in breast cancer and relationship to prognosis.

We have determined the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor (PR), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor content of 136 breast carcinomas by an immunocytochemical method. The presence of the three receptors was not related to clinical features of presentation such as T-stage or to age or menopausal status. However, each of the three receptors has a different relationship to the course of the disease in these patients. The presence of PR was significantly associated with an improved overall survival (chi 2 = 4.61, P = 0.032). Patients whose tumors contained immunocytochemically detectable 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor had a longer disease-free interval than those patients with negative tumors (chi 2 = 4.01, P = 0.045). The presence of estrogen receptor and PR were found to correlate with an increased survival between relapse and death (P = 0.027 and P = 0.09, respectively). The relationships between estrogen receptor and PR and prognosis are more apparent when the degree of cell staining is considered. Combined receptor analysis improves our ability to predict the course of the disease and may therefore facilitate better management of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Fatal pulmonary arterial occlusive vascular disease following chemotherapy in a 9-month-old infant.

Fatal pulmonary hypertension developed in an infant during the 7-month period in which he received, via a central venous catheter, combination chemotherapy for stage IV neuroblastoma as well as intermittent parenteral feeding. In a lung biopsy and at autopsy, small pulmonary arteries showed diffuse medial hypertrophy and peripheral muscularization, very extensive concentric intimal fibrosis, and focal eccentric fibrosis evolving from organizing thrombi. Pulmonary veins were normal. Hypothetically, chemotherapeutic drug therapy (possibly potentiated either by the parenteral nutrition or simply by the vehicular fluids causing volume loading of the pulmonary circulation) could cause occlusive pulmonary arterial disease by several mechanisms, but the association has not been described previously, although use of such drugs has been reported with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Influences of acculturation and musical sophistication on perception of musical interval patterns.

Influences of acculturation and musical sophistication on music perception were examined. Judgments for mistuning were obtained for Ss differing in musical sophistication who listened to a melody that was based on interval patterns from Western and Javanese musical scales. Less musically sophisticated Ss' judgments were better for Western than Javanese patterns. Musicians' thresholds did not differ across Western and Javanese patterns. Differences in judgments across scales are accountable to acculturation through listening exposure and musical sophistication gained through formal experience.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1991

Assessments of personal and general risks of HIV and AIDS in Harare, Zimbabwe.

This study examines the relationship between perceptions of personal risk and perceptions of general risk of HIV infection. It relates these perceptions to the likelihood of behavioural change, and to the health belief model. It is argued that as part of the education campaign concerning HIV and AIDS it is important to present images and messages which can be personalized by different sections of the community.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Clinical signs of early osteoarthritis: reproducibility and relation to x ray changes in 541 women in the general population.

The definition and classification of early clinically apparent osteoarthritis both in clinical situations and in epidemiological surveys remains a problem. Few data exist on the between-observer reproducibility of simple clinical methods of detecting hand and knee osteoarthritis in the population and their sensitivity and specificity as compared with radiography. Two observers first studied the reproducibility of a number of clinical signs in 41 middle aged women. Good rates of agreement were found for most of the clinical signs tested (kappa = 0.54-1.0). The more reproducible signs were then tested on a population of 541 women, aged 45-65, drawn from general practice, screening centres, and patients previously attending hospital for non-rheumatic problems. The major clinical signs used had a high specificity (87-99%) and lower sensitivity (20-49%) when compared with radiographs graded on the Kellgren and Lawrence scale (2+ = positive). When analysis was restricted to symptomatic radiographic osteoarthritis, levels of sensitivity were increased and specificity was lowered. These data show that certain physical signs of osteoarthritis are reproducible and may be used to identify clinical disease. They are not a substitute for radiographs, however, if radiographic change is regarded as the 'gold standard' of diagnosis. As the clinical signs tested seemed specific for osteoarthritis they may be of value in screening populations for clinical disease.

Female↗