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Biomedical subjects

P Weinstein

Publications and source records attributed to P Weinstein.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of acute experimental ischemia in cats.

The evolution of acute cerebral ischemia was documented by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in 13 mongrel cats with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery through a transorbital approach. The animals were imaged under anesthesia at intervals from 30 min to 10 days after production of the lesion. An MR imager operating at 0.35 T was used with multislice, multi-spin-echo technique (TR = 500-2000 msec; TE = 28, 56 msec). The animals were sacrificed after imaging for pathologic correlation. Infarcts beyond 4 hr of age were visualized in all subjects. The earliest infarct was seen at 30 min (two cats) as an area of high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. In three other cats, however, 3-hr-old infarcts were not detectable. In one animal, a hemorrhage within a 1-week-old area of infarction was not characterized by MR imaging but was identified on CT scanning. The mass effect of the infarction appeared greatest at 2-4 days after infarction. The basal ganglia showed ischemic effects to best advantage. MR imaging offers previously unavailable sensitivity for the early noninvasive detection of cerebral ischemia in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An experimental study of the control of the gag reflex with nitrous oxide.

Gagging represents a management problem during dental procedures. A controlled, double blind experiment on human volunteers evaluated the efficacy of nitrous oxide for suppressing experimentally-induced gagging. The ability of the subjects to tolerate palatal and oropharyngeal stimulation was evaluated by measuring the distance of the anatomic palatal and oropharyngeal structure which produce gagging. It was observed that under N(2)O/O(2) inhalation subjects tolerated a significantly more intrusive (deeper) oropharyngeal stimulation than under control conditions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of lidocaine with epinephrine on fear related arousal among dental phobics.

The effects of 2% lidocaine containing 72 μg epinephrine on fear related arousal were tested using a cross-over design on dental patients fearful of injections and other dental procedures. Heart rate and body movement in the dental operatory were monitored, and subjects' self-reported upset in the Epinephrine condition than in the No-Epinephrine condition (F = 4.8, p = .04), but the clinical significance was negligible. No interaction between initial fear levels and the drug condition could be established. Results suggest that pre-existing dental fear levels may produce greater self-report, behavioral or physiological arousal in the dental operatory than exogenous epinephrine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of dental caries and risk factors among Native American infants.

Seventy-seven infants, ages twelve to thirty-six months, were examined in a Women Infant Children (WIC) program at the Tulalip Health Center, Marysville, Washington. All parents/caregivers completed questionnaires, which consisted of twenty-nine questions regarding children's feeding, general care, and dental health behavior. After completing questionnaires, dental examinations were conducted with mouth mirror and explorer by one dentist. Results indicated overall caries prevalence of 46.8 percent (26 percent for twelve to eighteen months, 56 percent for eighteen to twenty-four months and 56 percent for twenty-four to thirty-six months groups). The overall average number of carious teeth per child (deft) was 2.09 (0.83, 2.17 and 2.86, in order). Caries in children was significantly associated with following factors; bottle fed now (63.9 percent vs 29.3 percent, p = .00), giving bottle as baby falls sleep (82.4 percent vs 61.0 percent, p = .03), and 3 times or more snacks between meals (73.5 percent vs 40.0 percent, p = .01). Similarly, brushing behavior was related to caries. These results suggest that the present population was at risk for caries and that feeding patterns beyond bottle use appear to be behavioral risk factors in the prevalence of infant caries in this population.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Results of a promising open trial to prevent baby bottle tooth decay: a fluoride varnish study.

One hundred thirty-three farm worker children with an average age of 17 months participated in a study of a fluoride varnish in WIC programs in the Yakima Valley of Central Washington. After parents were interviewed, the child was examined and a fluoride varnish applied to the maxillary incisors. At the six-month recall 62 children and their parents returned. Results indicated a significant decrease in decalcification from 35 percent to 21 percent and an increase in decay from 3 percent to 16 percent. The rate of decay was lower than the 30 percent found in this age-group in this population. Of 130 sound teeth at baseline, 13 percent were decayed or decalcified in six months; of 73 decalcified teeth at baseline, 51 percent were found to be sound in six months. Additional experimentation with fluoride varnish is warranted.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

White spots caries in Mexican-American toddlers and parental preference for various strategies.

One hundred and thirty Mexican-American children ages nine to thirty-four months (Mean = 17.1 months), and their parents/caretakers were studied at a farmworkers clinic in rural Washington. Parents/caretakers participated in a bilingual interview; then each child received a dental examination, and a cotton swab was used to collect plaque for a caries activity test (Cariostat). Results showed that 7 percent had at least one maxillary incisor decayed and 30.4 percent had at least one incisor with a white spot lesion. The Cariostat was related to dental age, but not to disease. Forty percent of the parents/caretakers whose children had disease were aware of the problem. Immediate substitution of cup for bottle and the elimination of extra nighttime feedings were the least likely interventions endorsed by the subjects. Other interventions, including periodic visits for fluoride applications were much more likely.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teaching parents at WIC clinics to examine their high caries-risk babies.

Seventy-seven parents/caretakers of children, averaging 24.4 months from four WIC clinics in King County, Washington, observed a five-minute video-tape. These parents/caretakers were then asked to examine their own children, using a mirror and a brochure with illustrations of the progression of disease. Following completion of a questionnaire, a trained dental student or dentist examined the child and completed the same questionnaire. Over 80 percent of parents/caretakers responded the same as dentists. Dentists identified disease in 35.1 percent of the sample. Kappa = 59, Z = 4.4, and p < .001. Results support the training of nondental personnel to screen early childhood caries.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pain management in school-aged children by private and public clinic practice dentists.

A mail survey of 198 Seattle dentists who treat children assessed their beliefs about pain control in school-aged children and examined the relationship of those beliefs to pain management behaviors. The survey population of general dentists and pediatric dentists in clinics and private practice had a response rate of 89.6%. Two of three dentists always use local anesthetic when doing restorations or extractions and also provide more anesthetic at the child's request. One in three dentists never provides postoperative medication following tooth extractions. Ten percent regularly deny child pain and many do not believe child pain reports are valid. Dentists who work in private practice are more likely to provide local anesthetic than are dentists who work in clinics. Dentists who desire more control over a child are less likely to provide local anesthetic. Dentists who question children about comfort are more likely to provide additional anesthetic based on a child's report of discomfort and to provide postoperative medication if the dentist perceives a dental procedure to be painful.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of baby bottle tooth decay and risk factors for 18-month old infants in rural Japan.

Caries risk factors in rural Japan were identified for 637 children age eighteen months. Oral examinations, behavioral risk questionnaires and caries activity tests (Cariostat) were utilized. Results indicated an overall 13.7 percent prevalence of decay and strong correlations between Cariostat and caries status. Of the behavioral risk factors, weaning from breast feeding was most closely related with caries status. All factors resulted in correct classifications of Cariostat score and caries status. These results suggest that a screening of high risk infants can be accomplished by using the questionnaire and Cariostat test.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

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Aversive Therapy↗