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Biomedical subjects

P Wagner

Publications and source records attributed to P Wagner.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Clinical decision-making following abnormal Papanicolaou smear reports.

OBJECTIVE: Interpretation of abnormal Papanicolaou smear reports and the subsequent management of the patient frequently present significant decision-making problems for clinicians. The purpose of this study was to evaluate family physician clinical decision-making strategies for abnormal cervical cytology reports using simulation techniques. METHODS: One hundred fifteen practicing family physicians evaluated two simulations of women with abnormal cervical cytology, the first with inflammatory cytology and the second with a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. RESULTS: Most physicians (66%) selected an etiology evaluation and specific treatment approach to an inflammatory report, while 26% of respondents chose empiric treatment. For the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion simulation, 88% of physicians chose the appropriate management response of colposcopic evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Practice experience, level of involvement, clinician gender, and type of cervical cytology classification influenced family physician clinical decision-making. The majority of responses to an inflammatory or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion report was appropriate based on current scientific data.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Physician attitudes toward the Bethesda System of reporting cervical cytology.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine family physicians' and gynecologists' attitudes toward and understanding of the Bethesda System, a new cervical cytology classification and reporting system. METHODS: A convenience sample of 159 family physicians and gynecologists completed a questionnaire that assessed attitudes, knowledge, and opinions about the Bethesda System. RESULTS: Compared with family physicians, gynecologists thought the Bethesda System was more likely to cause patient management problems (p < 0.001) and preferred not to combine viral cytologic effects with mild dysplasia when reporting a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (p < 0.004). However, increased understanding of the system by physicians correlated with greater preference for the Bethesda System (p < 0.02). In this exploratory study, family physicians, rather than gynecologists, were more inclined to use the Bethesda System and perceived it as a means to reduce clinical evaluation and patient management problems. Gynecologists reported a fuller understanding of the Bethesda System, yet they were more critical of the cytology categorizations. Within each specialty, greater understanding of the Bethesda System led to its wider acceptance.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Determination of the microporosity and the microbe permeability of sterilized packs. Comparison of the bubble pressure method, testing of microbe permeability according to DIN 58953 part 6 and the particle count test].

Three different methods (the germ impermeability test according to the guidelines of DIN 58953 part 6, paragraph 2.15 (3), bubble-point method according to CEN EN AA 002 Annex C (1), and particle-penetration test (2)) were tested for their suitability to prove the microporosity and germ impermeability of sterilization packs. The results of the bubble-point method and the particle-penetration test differed from each other to a certain extent. The results of the germ impermeability test according to DIN do not agree with those of the other methods. The DIN method has the advantage of giving practice orientated conditions. Therefore we recommend for the germ impermeability test of sterilization packs the method according to the guidelines of the DIN.

Permeability↗
PubMed1992

Proneness to shame, proneness to guilt, and psychopathology.

The links between shame and guilt and psychopathology were examined. In 2 studies, 245 and 234 undergraduates completed the Self-Conscious Affect and Attribution Inventory, the Symptom Checklist 90, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and the Attributional Style Questionnaire. Results failed to support Lewis's (1971) notion that shame and guilt are differentially related to unique symptom clusters. Shame-proneness was strongly related to psychological maladjustment in general. Guilt-proneness was only moderately related to psychopathology; correlations were ascribable entirely to the shared variance between shame and guilt. Although clearly related to a depressogenic attributional style, shame accounted for substantial variance in depression, above and beyond attributional style.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Shamed into anger? The relation of shame and guilt to anger and self-reported aggression.

The relation of shame and guilt to anger and aggression has been the focus of considerable theoretical discussion, but empirical findings have been inconsistent. Two recently developed measures of affective style were used to examine whether shame-proneness and guilt-proneness are differentially related to anger, hostility, and aggression. In 2 studies, 243 and 252 undergraduates completed the Self-Conscious Affect and Attribution Inventory, the Symptom Checklist 90, and the Spielberger Trait Anger Scale. Study 2 also included the Test of Self-Conscious Affect and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Shame-proneness was consistently correlated with anger arousal, suspiciousness, resentment, irritability, a tendency to blame others for negative events, and indirect (but not direct) expressions of hostility. Proneness to "shame-free" guilt was inversely related to externalization of blame and some indices of anger, hostility, and resentment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Nuclear import substrates compete for a limited number of binding sites. Evidence for different classes of yeast nuclear import receptors.

A nuclear receptor likely involved in nuclear protein import is described. Purified ATP-depleted yeast nuclei show saturable high-affinity binding of the yeast nuclear protein Mcm1. The dissociation constant for the binding is 0.5 microM, and the number of binding sites is approximately 3,500 per nucleus, equivalent to 10-30 binding sites per nuclear pore. Mcm1 competes with other yeast nuclear proteins Ste12 and Swi5, but not with Rap1 or Nop1, indicating that there may be different types of import receptors. Bound Mcm1 is resistant to extraction by nucleases, salt, and non-ionic detergent, but can be released by 5 M urea, suggesting that Mcm1 binds to a yeast equivalent of the nuclear pore complex-lamina fraction of higher eukaryotes.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1991

[Bicarbonate--an unreliable indicator?].

The paper deals with the reliability of the bicarbonate concentration as calculated by contemporary analyzers of acid-base equilibrium. The author demonstrates on the basis of the quoted investigations that this parameter is unreliable. It can lead to serious diagnostic and therapeutic errors. The author draws attention to possible solutions of this situation in the modern treatment of acid-base disturbances.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1991

Yeast cell-free nuclear protein import requires ATP hydrolysis.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear proteins are shown to localize specifically to isolated yeast nuclei under conditions selective for nuclear proteins. Nuclear association is time- and temperature-dependent, requires ATP hydrolysis, and is abolished by protease pretreatment of nuclei. The nucleus-localized protein is translocated across the nuclear envelope as determined by inaccessibility to externally added immobilized protease. This cell-free system, consisting of components from an organism amenable to genetic analysis, will facilitate the study of the poorly understood mechanism of nuclear protein localization. The finding that ATP hydrolysis is required for nuclear import is the most direct evidence that nuclear localization is energy-dependent.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Developmentally based personality assessment of adults with mental retardation.

Difficulties in assessing emotional and personality disturbances in adults with mental retardation were discussed and an evaluation method overcoming some of these problems presented. Overshadowing, inappropriate equation of emotional symptoms with cognitive limitations, and failure to adjust for the differing functioning levels among persons with mental retardation when judging pathology were cited as reasons to include a specific developmental factor in assessing this group. Projective tests were cited in the literature as being effective techniques, and an apperceptive technique originally intended for use with children was presented as a means of adding the needed developmental factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Structure of the chromosomal gene and cDNAs coding for lactase-phlorizin hydrolase in humans with adult-type hypolactasia or persistence of lactase.

Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) splits lactose in the small intestine. LPH activity is high in the suckling; in many human populations the activity declines in adults, leading to adult-type hypolactasia, whereas in other populations the high LPH activity persists in adults. In the present work, we compared LPH sequences at the gene and cDNA level among adult subjects with high and low LPH activity. The complete intron-exon organization, including the sequences of all 17 exons and of the borders of all introns (as well as about 1,000 bp of 5' flanking region), was established for the cloned chromosomal LPH gene of a subject with persistence of lactase. Using PCR, we directly sequenced the exons of a hypolactasic subject. Except for silent mutations and the unknown linkage phase at two heterozygous positions, both coding sequences were identical. We further examined the LPH mRNA of a hypolactasic subject by S1 mapping and by sequencing a set of overlapping PCR products produced from cDNA templates. Except for allelic differences, the LPH sequence of the hypolactasic subject was identical to that of the LPH cDNAs of three subjects with persistence of lactase (one cDNA isolated previously by cloning and two characterized in the present work by PCR). No allele was peculiar to the hypolactasic subject. We conclude that humans with high or low levels of lactase can code for identical LPH enzymes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

A human tumour-derived mutant p53 protein induces a p34cdc2 reversible growth arrest in fission yeast.

We have expressed wild-type and human tumour-derived mutant p53 cDNA genes in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In the case of one mutant this resulted in a growth arrest of recipient yeast cells. In contrast, wild-type p53 and three other mutant proteins tested did not block outgrowth of colonies. Human and yeast cdc2 acted as functionally equivalent extragenic suppressors of the mutant-induced growth arrest allowing the establishment of viable p53 expressor strains. In cotransformation assays the mutant allele was found to be dominant over wt p53. Our results provide the first evidence of a functional relationship between p53 and p34cdc2 in an in-vivo system and suggest that the wide variety of mutant proteins present in human tumours may fall into functionally distinct subclasses.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1990

Active transport of proteins into the nucleus.

Nuclear proteins are actively and posttranslationally transported across the nuclear envelope. This transport is a highly selective process that can be divided into two steps, receptor-binding followed by translocation through the nuclear envelope. Receptor-binding is mediated by nuclear localization signals that have been identified in many nuclear proteins. Translocation is energy-dependent and occurs through the nuclear pore complex.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

A model for neuronal oscillations in the visual cortex. 1. Mean-field theory and derivation of the phase equations.

We study a neural network consisting of model neurons whose efferent synapses are either excitatory or inhibitory. They are densely interconnected on a local scale, but only sparsely on a larger scale. The local clusters are described by the mean activities of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The equations for these activities define a neuronal oscillator, which can be switched between an active and a passive state by an external input. Investigating the coupling of two of these oscillators we found their coupling behaviour to be activity-dependent. They are tightly coupled and almost synchronized if both oscillators are active, but weakly coupled if one or both oscillators are passive. This activity-dependent coupling is independent of the underlying connectivities, which are fixed. Finally, for coupled active oscillators we derive a simplified description by disregarding the amplitudes of the oscillators and working with their phases. We use this simplified description in a compagnion article to model the oscillations in the visual cortex.

Animals↗