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Biomedical subjects

P Verger

Publications and source records attributed to P Verger.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Phenotype-genotype correlation in haemochromatosis subjects.

Haemochromatosis is a common autosomal recessive genetic disorder of iron metabolism. A candidate gene was recently identified (HLA-H) and two amino acid substitutions (C282Y and H63D) were characterized. Haemochromatosis probands (n = 478) from Brittany were selected from their iron status markers, primarily serum iron, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. We investigated the relationships between haemochromatosis phenotype and genotypes at the HLA-H locus and surrounding markers. As already reported, we observed that the C282Y substitution is unambiguously associated with the haemochromatosis phenotype, haemochromatosis patients homozygous for the substitution (Tyr/Tyr) accounting for 81.2% of all haemochromatosis patients. A clear heterogeneity in serum ferritin and transferrin saturation values, and in iron removed by phlebotomy was observed among haemochromatosis patients that is correlated with the presence of two subgroups of individuals homozygous and non-homozygous for the mutant allele C282Y, the latter being characterized by lower phenotypic values. In this subgroup, sequencing did not reveal any other mutation in the HLA-H gene, hence the genotype remained unclear. Thus, an additional non-genetic cause, other mutations or another gene can not be excluded as explanations for the results in these patients.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Down syndrome and ionizing radiation.

This review examines the epidemiologic and experimental studies into the possible role ionizing radiation might play in Down Syndrome (trisomy 21). It is prompted by a report of a temporal cluster of cases of this chromosomal disorder observed in West Berlin exactly 9 mo after the radioactive cloud from Chernobyl passed. In approximately 90% of cases, Down Syndrome is due to the nondisjunction of chromosome 21, most often in the oocyte, which may be exposed to ionizing radiation during two separate periods: before the completion of the first meiosis or around the time of ovulation. Most epidemiologic studies into trisomies and exposure to ionizing radiation examine only the first period; the Chernobyl cluster is related to the second. Analysis of these epidemiologic results indicates that the possibility that ionizing radiation might be a risk factor in Down Syndrome cannot be excluded. The experimental results, although sometimes contradictory, demonstrate that irradiation may induce nondisjunction in oogenesis and spermatogenesis; they cannot, however, be easily extrapolated to humans. The weaknesses of epidemiologic studies into the risk factors for Down Syndrome at birth (especially the failure to take into account the trisomy cases leading to spontaneous abortion) are discussed. We envisage the utility and feasibility of new studies, in particular among women exposed to prolonged or repeated artificially-produced ionizing radiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Importance of the evaluation of food consumption in the risk of exceeding the permissible daily doses for poisons potentially contained in food].

The Codex Alimentarius in its General Principles committee proposes the definitions of risk assessment and risk management linked to ingestion of food additives and food contaminants. Moreover, three European directives imply for all member states an evaluation of food additives intakes by general population and by possible "at risk groups of consumers". This work is conducted in the general case of European Scientific Cooperation and is coordinated by United-Kingdom. This paper describes the French approach, using a step-by-step procedure to evaluate food additives consumption. It emphasizes the importance of scientific works in this field of research to obtain french datas about french consumptions.

Eating↗
PubMed1996

Modifications in dietary self-selection specifically attributable to voluntary wheel running and exercise training in the rat.

To explore the effects of physical exercise on total caloric intake, body weight gain, and dietary self-selection in rats, female rats of the Dark Agouti strain were placed on macronutrient self-selection. They had free access to running wheels during the whole experimental period. After 16 days of voluntary exercise only, they were trained on a motor-driven treadmill (16 m/min) at the beginning of the dark period. Runtime was progressively increased and reached 3 h per day (plateau). When trained, the rats decreased spontaneous wheel running. Voluntary wheel running did not modify body weight gain. However, it increased both carbohydrate and total caloric intakes. Exercise training reduced body weight gain, but did not further modify total caloric intake. Moreover it increased protein and reduced fat intakes. Most of the training-induced modifications were not side effects of fasting during exercise training.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Liver mesenchymal hamartoma in adulthood. Report of a new case].

A case of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma, found after sudden onset clinical and biological cholestasis, is reported in a 18-year-old man. Abdominal ultrasound examination and computed tomography showed a intrahepatic cystic tumor. The diagnosis of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma was made by the pathological examination of the resected specimen. This rare tumor is found in most cases in children less than 2 years old. Thirteen cases in adulthood were already reported, five of them in Japanese patients. Our case is peculiar because no hepatic tumor was shown by ultrasound examination, 2 years before, the large size of cysts and presence of smooth muscle fibers in the wall.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Alteration of cardiovascular function in trained rats fed with fish oil.

In vivo cardiovascular function of sedentary and exercise-trained rats were studied after a 3 week feeding period of diets containing either 10% fish oil, sunflower oil or lard. Rats were randomly assigned to six groups: fish oil diet: sedentary (FS), exercise-trained (FT); sunflower oil diet; sedentary (SS), exercise-trained (ST); lard diet: sedentary (LS), exercise-trained (LT). The exercised rats ran on a treadmill at a speed of 16 m/min, for 60 min/d, 7 days/week during 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in body weights and heart weights among the 6 groups at the end of the study. Heart function was evaluated in closed-chest rats after catheterization of the left ventricle with an ultraminiature catheter pressure transducer. Cardiovascular function of trained rats fed on fish oil diet was significantly different from that of other rats studied (FS, SS, ST, LS, LT). There was a 20% reduction in left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), LVdP/dtmax, mean aortic pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and a 30% reduction in LVdP/dtmin. We conclude that fish oil diet might induce a change in hemodynamic parameters only when associated with stress, such as the moderate exercise protocol in our experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Accidents, disasters and crises: contribution of epidemiology in th nuclear field].

The experience of the Chernobyl accident has shown the necessity of being prepared for epidemiological assessment of the death consequences of a nuclear or a radiological accident. We discuss the contribution of epidemiology in such situations, in addition to the existing tools designed to assess or manage radiological risks. From a decisional point of view, three issues are distinguished: the protection of the different population groups against ionizing radiations, the achievement of health care and the communication with the public and media. We discuss the input of epidemiological tools in both perspectives. Epidemiology may also contribute to the analysis of health events that may be observed after an accident, i.e. to assess whether these events are not statistical artifacts, whether they are an effect of the exposure to the ionizing radiations or a non specific consequence of any accident. Finally, epidemiological studies should be carried out to improve our knowledge on ionizing radiations effects with a special consideration given to the dose-effect relationships. Examples of past nuclear accidents are used to discuss these issues. The last part of this paper is focused on different research issues that should be developed for preparing epidemiological plans for nuclear accidents.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed1994

Free food choice after acute exercise in men.

A buffet-type meal was presented to 28 young men after participation in various athletic activities and to 30 subjects kept inactive. At 30 min after 2h of exercise, total energy intake was about 25% greater than after the rest situation. The food choices after exercise yielded an energy intake from proteins that was significantly larger than after rest, but not of carbohydrate or fat.

Adolescent↗