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Biomedical subjects

P V Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to P V Kumar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Soluble HLA class I molecules in malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions and its possible role on NK and LAK cytotoxicity.

PURPOSE: To examine the amount of sHLA-I in malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions and its possible role in natural immune defense. METHODS: Three groups of patients (75 patients with malignancy, 21 with infection, and 27 with other diseases) were studied for sHLA-I value using an ELISA method. Cytolytic activity of freshly isolated pleural and peritoneal effusion-associated lymphoid (EAL) cells from 14 of cases with malignancy were examined and compared to that of ten non-cancerous patients. EAL cells were co-cultured with the autologous cell-free effusions immediately after collection and 3 days after incubation with IL-2. RESULTS: The mean value of sHLA-I in effusions was 1.01+/-1.36 micro g/ml, 0.97+/-1.20 micro g/ml, and 0.49+/-0.45 micro g/ml, respectively. Despite higher mean sHLA-I levels in malignant and infected patients, no significant difference between these groups was observed ( P >0.05). Generally, the amount of sHLA-I in peritoneal effusions was higher than that for pleural effusions, but the difference was not significant. There were also no statistical differences in the sHLA-I levels between sub-groups of patients with malignancy. EAL cells' killing activity in malignant and infected effusions was 68.15+/-11.73 and 78.28+/-14.41, respectively ( P=0.08). No correlation between sHLA-I level and NK activity of EAL cells from the patients was found. Almost all malignant cases after exposure to cell-free effusions displayed an increase in NK activity (from 68.66+/-11.13 to 74.2+/-12.39, P=0.042) and a decrease in LAK activity (74.5+/-18.30 vs 67.72+/-16.46, P=0.040). Whereas, the same experiment performed for non-malignant effusions showed a decrease in both NK activity and LAK activity. Changes in NK and LAK activity were not correlated with the amount of sHLA-I in the effusions. CONCLUSION: The presence of sHLA-I, particularly in malignant effusions, suggests a role for these molecules in tumor immunity in the peritoneal or plural environment; however, at least with these group of patients, sHLA-I appears not to be a unique determining factor on EAL cells' killing activity.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed2002

Growth pattern of the Kamars--a primitive tribe of Chhattisgarh, India.

A cross sectional study of the physical growth status was made on 655 Kamar children (341 boys and 314 girls), aged 5 to 18 years, in the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. The study aimed to find out the growth pattern of the Kamar children, which is considered to be a primitive tribe of Chhattisgarh, India and was compared with another Indian tribe and the official data for all India (ICMR). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, sitting height, biacromial diameter, biilliocrystal diameter, upper arm circumference, calf circumference and measurements of the triceps and subscapular skinfolds. All anthropometric measurements except skinfold thickness exhibit uniform increase with age in both sexes. However, when height and weight of the Kamar boys and girls were compared with the data for other tribes and for all India, the Kamar children (both boys and girls) indicated lower weight and height and the difference showed to be significant, for almost all ages. Kamar boys showed higher anthropometric values than girls in almost all measurements except in biilliocrystal diameter and in measured skinfolds. Poor socio-economic status of this primitive tribe may be one of the reasons for this poor growth pattern. However, in-depth study is necessary in order to arrive at any basic conclusions and to recommend any policy and interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Citric acid (solution R) irrigation in the treatment of refractory infection (struvite) stone disease: is it useful?

OBJECTIVE: Citric acid, in varying concentrations, has been used in the dissolution treatment of struvite renal calculi. Solution R (Uro-trainer), which contains 6% citric acid, is a solution licensed for use in the management of struvite stone disease in the UK. We report our experience. METHODS: 23 kidneys in 22 patients (10 male and 12 female patients, mean age 45, range 15-60 years) underwent solution R irrigation following debulking of the stone with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (n = 20), ureteroscopy and shock wave lithotripsy (n = 2) combined with open procedures (n = 4) between 1994 and 1998. The original stone configuration consisted of 14 staghorn, 4 partial staghorn and 5 large burden stones. Irrigation was performed through a nephrostomy tube (n = 20) or in a retrograde fashion (n = 3) using a closed infusion pump system (40 ml/h). The response to treatment was checked using a nephrostogram and/or plain X-ray. RESULTS: In 6 (26%) kidneys, after an average duration of 2 (1-5) days, irrigation had to be abandoned due to loin pain, leak or sepsis. The average duration of irrigation was 6.4 (1-20) days. At the end of irrigation, a total of 4 (17.4%) kidneys had complete radiographic clearance, while the stone was reduced to calyceal dust in 3 (13%). Partial response was seen in 11 (47.8%) and no response in 5 (21.8%) kidneys. Following additional alternative intervention(s) in 6 (26%) kidneys (4 with partial and 2 with no response) further clearance was achieved in 3 (13%) and calyceal dust status in 3 (13%). The response was better if the stone was reduced to less than 10mm prior to irrigation. At the mean follow-up of 2.44 (1-4) years, of 13 kidneys with stone clearance or calyceal dust, 9 suffered recurrence or re-growth, 5 of which required further interventions. Only 4 (17.4%) of 23 kidneys remained stone free. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with complex stone disease, adjuvant solution R irrigation can reduce the stone burden. There is a considerable potential for side effects necessitating close monitoring for sepsis and electrolyte abnormalities. However, the overall success rate for solution R is limited.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A randomized trial comparing lithoclast with an electrokinetic lithotripter in the management of ureteric stones.

OBJECTIVE: To compare two in situ ballistic lithotripters, the lithoclast and the electrokinetic lithotripter (EKL), both of which can be used through the newer small-bore ureteroscopes, for their ease of use, robustness, fragmentation time, adequacy of fragmentation and stone-free rate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-six consecutive patients with ureteric stones refractory to treatment by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy were randomized to undergo fragmentation using the lithoclast (23 patients) or the EKL (23 patients). One patient was excluded from analysis in the EKL group. The adequacy of fragmentation was recorded, with the degree and significance of proximal migration for each device. After treatment patients were assessed by plain X-ray and the stone-free rate was determined. RESULTS: The mean (median) initial stone burdens in the lithoclast and EKL groups were 69 (50) mm2 and 72 (52) mm2, respectively. The respective mean (median) procedure duration and fragmentation time were 54 (50) min and 90 (49) s in the lithoclast group, and 50 (42.5) min and 87 (52.5) s in the EKL group; the differences were not statistically significant. In four (14%) patients of each group there was significant proximal migration of the stones. The stones were completely fragmented in 17 of 23 (74%) patients in the lithoclast group and 19 of 22 (86%) in the EKL group. There was no fragmentation in one patient in each group. In the lithoclast and EKL groups, 20 of 23 (87%) and 17 of 22 (77%) were rendered stone-free, respectively (P > 0.5). The equipment failed on two occasions in each group. CONCLUSION: In this randomized trial there was no significant difference in the stone-free rate, procedure duration, fragmentation time, proximal stone migration rate and equipment failure between these in situ ballistic lithotripters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Modulatory potential of Spirulina fusiformis on carcinogen metabolizing enzymes in Swiss albino mice.

The modulatory potential of Spirulina fusiformis was observed on the hepatic and extrahepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzymes in Swiss albino mice at a dose of 800 mg/kg b.w. given orally. A significant reduction in the hepatic cytochrome P-450 content was observed in the group treated with Spirulina in comparison with the control group. The hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity was induced significantly by Spirulina treatment. There was no change in the extrahepatic glutathione S-transferase activity after the animals were fed with Spirulina.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis is a dermatosis which was described during the first quarter of this century. Most cases reported are from the Indian subcontinent and certain parts of Africa. The disease generally follows an attack of kala-azar, usually a few months to several years after the visceral disease has healed. The clinical picture is variable. In this report, we present a case of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in a 5-year-old Iranian boy who presented with multiple, asymptomatic, erythematous papules on his trunk and extremities and a brownish, figurate discoloration on his lower extremities, 4 years after an attack of kala-azar which was completely cured. Histopathological examination of one of the biopsied papules revealed multiple Leishman bodies. The patient was successfully treated with a pentavalent antimonial compound.

Antiprotozoal Agents↗
PubMed1997

Primary T-cell lymphoma of the breast with lymphoepithelial lesion. A case report.

Fine-needle aspiration, histomorphologic and immunologic findings in a case of primary T-cell lymphoma of the breast are reported. The tumor cells were diagnosed as large cell lymphoma with lymphoepithelial lesion and no nuclear multilobulation. No serologic evidence of HTLV-1 infection was detected. After simple mastectomy, lymph node dissection and chemotherapy, the patient is now doing well, having been followed for 30 months. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of primary T-cell lymphoma of the breast with prominent lymphoepithelial lesion, no nuclear lobularity, and an indolent clinical course.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Intestinal neuronal dysplasia as a cause of surgical failure in Hirschsprung's disease: a new modality for surgical management.

Two hundred fifteen cases of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) had follow-up after definitive surgical treatment, which had been performed between September 1983 and August 1994. Of these, 20 (9.3%) had recurrence of obstructive symptoms that was unresponsive to conservative treatment. Nine cases were improved by posterior anorectal myectomy (PARM). The other 11 patients, who did not have improvement after PARM, had a re-pull-through. Reoperation consisted of excision of the descending and left transverse colon with pull-through of the right colon, regardless of the histology of the colon. The blood supply was based on the ileocolic vessels, with or without division of the right colic artery. To provide a smooth course for these blood vessels, without kinking, and to obtain adequate length of the right colon with less dissection, the entire bowel was derotated clockwise. Re-pull-through was then performed from the left side of the abdomen. The excised bowel from both operations was examined, using H&E staining, for possible evidence of intestinal neuronal dysplasia (IND) or acquired aganglionosis. All had ganglion cells in the remaining colon and at the distal limit of the pull-through. Histological signs of IND were present in all patients in the previously pulled-through colon. Apart from one mentally retarded child, all had satisfactory bowel movement in a 10 to 54-month follow-up period. IND should be considered a cause of surgical failure in HD. Subtotal colectomy and pull-through of the right colon after clockwise derotation of the entire bowel appears to be effective when symptoms persist after conservative therapy or PARM.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1994

Hearing loss in western Samoan children.

In an effort to help determine the current status and needs of hearing impaired children in Western Samoa, the Commonwealth Society for the Deaf sent a team of three professionals to this Pacific island nation in 1991. Initial information on known children with severe and profound hearing loss was gathered and a small prevalence survey of urban school children's ear health was conducted. No previously published information was available for this population. Results are presented and related to data from other areas of the Pacific. Hearing health care implications of the survey team's findings are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Kala azar with disseminated dermal leishmaniasis.

In this report we summarize 5 cases of kala azar with disseminated dermal leishmaniasis. All had fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and disseminated skin lesions on admission. Maculopapular, pustular, and maculonodular eruptions were present, located mainly on the face and extremities. Innumerable amastigotes were demonstrated in the bone marrow and in the skin biopsies. All patients responded to Glucantime therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Hydatid cyst of testis: a case report.

A case of a hydatid cyst of the testis is reported that was misdiagnosed clinically as malignant tumor. Echinococcosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses, especially in endemic countries.

Diagnosis, Differential↗