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Biomedical subjects

P Truc

Publications and source records attributed to P Truc.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Identification of trypanosomes isolated by KIVI from wild mammals in Côte d'Ivoire: diagnostic, taxonomic and epidemiological considerations.

In Côte d'Ivoire, a comparative study was carried out on 122 wild mammals by parasitological and serological examination and by in vitro isolation of trypanosomes from fresh blood (KIVI). Thirteen isolated stocks were studied by isoenzymes and compared with Trypanosoma congolense and T. brucei bouaflé group reference stocks. Of the 122 animals, only 22 were positive on blood smears while 88 were KIVI positive and 92 were CATT/T. b. gambiense positive. For six stocks identified by isoenzymes as T. congolense, the agreement between ELISA and CATT was good (75%). As compared with CATT, antigen detection ELISA was not satisfactory for T. brucei (20%). Out of 18, 16 stocks represented a separate zymodeme (seven T. congolense and nine T. brucei) and a high genetic heterogeneity was observed. For T. congolense, savanna, kilifi and forest groups were represented by one zymodeme each. The four remaining zymodemes while put into this T. congolense group, were strongly independent of each other. Morphology indicated that those new zymodemes correspond to T. congolense. In the other hand, five new zymodemes fit into T. brucei classification.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A new method for identifying blood meals of human origin in tsetse flies.

A new sensitive technique using the electrophoresis of superoxide dismutase to distinguish between tsetse blood meals of human and non-human origin is described. In Côte d'Ivoire, 602 blood meals were collected; 170 were from man (28.3%), 377 from animals (62.6%) and 55 were unidentified (9.1%) because no pattern was observed. When calculating the index of epidemiological risk, it is strongly correlated with the incidence of sleeping sickness cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Epidemiologic risk of infectious disease transmission in regions of the Ivory Coast].

An epidemiological risk indicator based on purely entomological factors can be used to identify regions which are at higher risk of transmission within the endemic forest zones of Ivory Coast, and can serve to point out biotopes to be treated to make antivector campaigns more effective. In the forests of Ivory Coast, so-called socially open environments which are populated by a great number of ethnic groups who are highly mobile and whose amps are spread over a large area, are particularly vulnerable to epidemics of the disease. Transmission always occurs near water: at rivers, water holes, plantations. By contrast, socially closed societies consisting of a single ethnic group settled in a village are at much lower risk. It seems that human behaviour plays as much a role in transmission dynamics as environmental changes which may be more or less favourable to the vector.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A high prevalence of mixed trypanosome infections in tsetse flies in Sinfra, Côte d'Ivoire, detected by DNA amplification.

The prevalence of various species and subgroups of trypanosomes in the Sinfra area of Côte d'Ivoire was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using this technique to amplify specific satellite DNA targets, it was possible to identify developmental-stage trypanosomes in the midguts and the proboscides of tsetse without expansion of parasite populations. The predominant tsetse species in the area was Glossina palpalis, while G. pallicera and G. nigrofusca were also present. Microscopical examination of 811 non-teneral flies revealed an infection rate of 14% in midguts and/or proboscides. Three subgroups of Trypanosoma congolense (Savannah, Forest & Kilifi), T. simiae, T. godfreyi, West African T. vivax and T. brucei ssp. were identified using PCR. T. congolense Forest was the most abundant of the Nannomonas trypanosomes. Approximately 40% of all infections were mixed, and there was a significantly higher prevalence of apparently mature T. brucei ssp. trypanosomes than has previously been reported. The present study demonstrates that PCR facilitates the easy identification of mature trypanosome infections in tsetse, providing a reliable estimation of trypanosomiasis challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Serologic diagnosis of human african trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. 1--Production and use of rough antigens in ELISA and latex agglutination tests].

The extraction of rough antigens (Ag) from trypanosomes came across a major problem getting of a high number of parasites. Moreover several technics for the extraction of rough antigens are described. Some of them are sophisticated and time consuming. Aiming the obtention of a large number of Ag for this study, inoculation of trypanosomes into Cricetomys gambianus and affinity chromatography of blood allow to collect of large number of trypanosomes. This new technique leads to the extraction of 50 to 60 mg of rough Ag of trypanosomes isolated from infected Cricetomys. In order to set up a specific and sensitive serological diagnosis of gambian human trypanosomiasis, the different rough Ag were used comparatively by ELISA and Latex Agglutination tests. Confirming previous works, the results indicate a high sensitivity and a doubtful specificity for both techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The persistence of genetic homogeneity among Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolates from patients in north-west Tanzania.

Trypanosomes isolated during 1991 from nine patients with Rhodesian sleeping sickness in north-west Tanzania were genetically characterized by electrophoresis of ten enzymes. Eight isolates were allocated to a known zymodeme (Z306); another had an enzyme profile (Z379) not previously encountered. An example of Z306 has been previously isolated in 1971, nearby in a part of Rwanda adjacent to the border with Tanzania; in addition, a closely related isolate, in Z307, was collected in 1959 from a patient in north-west Tanzania. The new zymodeme (Z379) was 94% similar to Z306, and both had a close similarity of 89% to Z307. All these isolates belonged to the zambezi strain group of related zymodemes, and evidence is presented that other examples of the group have been collected from man in Tanzania since 1959. Such apparent long term genetic stability is similar to circumstances further south in an endemic area of Zambia, where 12 examples of Z306 and two of Z307 were acquired over a period of 12 years from patients. The similar genetic homogeneity among trypanosomes in endemic parts of both Tanzania and Zambia contrasted markedly with the heterogeneity described to the north of Tanzania in that different strain groups circulate in epidemic areas of Kenya and Uganda.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Prevalence of Trypanosoma infections in different species of wild animals in the Comoé national park on the Ivory Coast: preliminary results of the comparison of 3 diagnostic methods].

Compared with the numerous studies of trypanosomosis in domestic animals, few such studies have been carried out on wild animals in West Africa. Preliminary results on the comparison of three detection methods (thin smears, detection of trypanosome antigens by ELISA-Test and Kit for in vitro isolation of trypanosomes, KIVI) in wild animals of Comoe Game Reserve in Côte d'Ivoire confirm the actual presence of trypanosomes; however, no accurate identification of those parasites has been possible, but work is in progress to clarify the taxonomical status of stocks isolated by KIVI.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Population genetics of Trypanosoma brucei in central Africa: taxonomic and epidemiological significance.

In order to estimate the value of population genetics for both the taxonomy of trypanosomes belonging to the species Trypanosoma brucei and a better understanding of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), we undertook a cellulose acetate electrophoresis isoenzyme study involving 55 stocks isolated from man and animals in Congo, Zaire and Cameroun. Out of the 24 loci surveyed, 15 exhibited variability, which made it possible to delimit 23 zymodemes, divided into 2 groups. The first group equated to the classical subspecies Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, while the second corresponded to the classical subspecies Trypanosoma brucei brucei. These results broadly agree with the current taxonomy, and are corroborated by RFLP analysis of kDNA. Statistical analysis indicates a basically clonal reproduction system of the trypanosomes in the area studied; the zymodemes are equivalent to natural clones (or a family of closely related clones), stable in space and time. Epidemiological hypotheses are proposed according to the geographic distribution of the clones in this area.

Africa, Central↗
PubMed1991

Multilocus isozyme identification of Trypanosoma brucei stocks isolated in central Africa: evidence for an animal reservoir of sleeping sickness in Congo.

Six Congolese and 3 Zairian Trypanosoma brucei stocks were studied by isozyme cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Twenty isozyme systems were used, of which only 5 showed variability. These 5 polymorphic systems made it possible to identify 5 different zymodemes. Zymodemes isolated from man were recorded both from pig and sheep too, which confirms the results of previous authors. This favors the existence of an animal reservoir of human African trypanosomiasis in the Congo, which could play a role in the transmission of the disease, at least by the maintenance of residual foci.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Direct isolation in vitro of Trypanosoma brucei from man and other animals, and its potential value for the diagnosis of gambian trypanosomiasis.

A recently described simple kit for isolating African trypanosomes in vitro (KIVI) was tested further with blood samples from man and other animals in Côte d'Ivoire and République du Congo. A high rate of success was achieved, with positive cultures being found 5-36 d after inoculation. The method was also of value in diagnosis. Parasitaemia was initially detected by the haematocrit method; in addition, the mini-anion exchange column was used for human blood and lymph fluid from patients with swollen glands was examined. The card agglutination test (CATT) was applied to the human blood samples. In Côte d'Ivoire, all 5 parasitaemic patients, who were also positive by CATT, yielded positive KIVI cultures. Of 15 animals, 2 parasitaemic and 10 apparently aparasitaemic individuals gave positive cultures. In the Congo, none of the 22 animals was parasitaemic and none gave a positive culture. Of 647 human subjects initially screened, 61, mostly with a positive CATT, were examined by KIVI; 20 gave positive cultures. Seven of these cultures originated from patients in whom no trypanosome had been seen in blood or lymph fluid, although blood from 2 parasitaemic patients failed to yield positive KIVI cultures. Some patients with CATT-negative whole blood and/or serum were positive by KIVI.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of parasitological methods for the diagnosis of gambian trypanosomiasis in an area of low endemicity in Côte d'Ivoire.

The card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) was used to examine 8974 inhabitants in 14 village areas south-west of Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire; 114 (1.3%) were CATTT or +/-, and were further examined by one or more of 6 methods for the direct detection of trypanosomes: lymphatic gland puncture, stained thick blood film (TBF), haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT), mini-anion exchange column (MAEC), quantitative buffy coat method (QBC), and kit for in vitro isolation of trypanosomes (KIVI). Trypanosomes were seen by at least one method in 16 (14.0%) of the CATT+ group. Blood from 356 of the 8860 CATT- group was inoculated into KIVI; trypanosomes grew from the blood of 1 person. Eleven of the 17 patients with detectable trypanosomes were screened by all 6 methods: 6 were HCT+; 7 were gland+; 10 were MAEC+; 10 were KIVI+; 11 were both TBF+ and QBC+. One CATT+ patient was KIVI+ but otherwise negative, although TBF was not done. The overall prevalence of trypanosomes was 0.2% rising to 0.8% in one village area. The results support previous evidence that a reappraisal of procedures is required in the customary system of surveillance for gambian sleeping sickness.

Agglutination Tests↗