Thyroid stimulatory action of (Z)-guggulsterone: mechanism of action.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Tripathi.
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If an aqueous mixture of ammonium molybdate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, biological minerals, and formaldehyde is exposed to sunlight, typical "Jeewanu", mixtures are observed. However, if a little solution of p-phenylene diamine, p-nitroaniline, alpha-naphthylamine or beta-naphthyl amine is added to it, a dense white precipitate is obtained. This precipitate, under a microscope at X1200 magnification, appears as large clusters of very tiny cream-coloured spherules. But if the mixture is first exposed to sunlight for four hours, when the formation of typical microstructures appears, and then the amine solution is added, the formation of the precipitate is retarded as the exposure time of amine-free mixture is enhanced, till finally the formation of spherules as precipitate is stopped. Microscopic study in twenty days of exposure of the amine-containing mixture tube shows that the number of typical microstructures decreases; they get larger in size and gradually disintegrate, while the formation of tiny sdpherules is accelerated.
Detergents contain a hydrophobic hydrocarbon structure and a hydrophilic group which may be anionic, cationic, or neutral. Detergents form stable emulsions and are capable of trapping lipid-soluble materials in the interior of the hydrophobic portion of the miscelles. Application of the knowledge of detergents to the discipline of microbiology would provide interesting and accurate data for further studies.
Oleic and malonic acids were found in control samples while p-nitroaniline addition induced production of tricarballylic acid in eight and twelve days exposed samples. Fumaric and citric acids were found in sporadic instances. Addition of p-phenylene diamine to the mixture showed a degeneration process in organic acid production. In some cases production of fumaric acid was positive.
Malonic and oleic acids were found in the typical mixtures. Samples containing alpha-naphthylamine gave oleic and malic acids which disintegrated with time of exposure. Tricarballylic acid was confirmed in presence of beta-naphthyl amine, but disappeared with time. Arachidic, tartaric, and adipic acids were found, but they disappeared in eight days' exposed samples. At later stages of exposure, malonic acid was observed along with sporadic appearances of citric , succinic, and oleic acids. Rate of disintegration of these compounds was directly proportional to time of exposure to sunlight.
Mixtures containing diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium molybdate, and minerals in presence of p-nitroaniline resulted in formation of glycine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine. Proline and valine were observed in a few tubes. When p-phenylene diamine was present in the mixture, glycine was absent, while isoleucine and leucine were observed in the tubes. Predominance of proline was observed in all the studies executed.
The effect of inorganic and organic nitrogenous compounds on microbial nitrogen fixation with respect to the fixation cycle was investigated. Various nitrogenous compounds were added to the nutrient solution in concentrations of 2.5 mM and 5 mM. After incubation with the bacteria for fifteen days, the nitrogen and carbon contents were estimated.
Critical investigation of the effect of yttrium and cerium ions in culture media for nitrogen-fixing bacteria showed strong inhibition. There was a decrease in the amount of nitrogen fixed; simultaneously, in the samples containing cerium ions, carbon consumption values increased as the molarity of metal ion was enhanced. Inhibition rate was invariably maximum at the highest concentration of metal ions.
Pronounced variation of amino acids was exhibited. Phenylalanine and tryptophan were invariably present, except at very few exposure periods. Methionine was perceived in many studies in alpha-naphthylamine, while in the study of beta-naphthylamine it was observed at four days' exposure. alpha-Naphthylamine produced cysteine along with tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, and norleucine, while beta-naphthylamine gave valine along with tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, and norleucine. Complete variation from blank signifies the effect of alpha- and beta-naphthyl amine on the mixture.
The best source of carbon, when used as the sodium salt of organic acids, is sodium salicylate which shows highest nitrogen fixation and also appreciably large amounts of nitrogen fixed per g carbon consumed. Next in order is sodium benzoate, then oxalate. Sodium citrate is followed by sowium acetate in the order of decreasing efficiency.
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Inula racemosa root powder was investigated in patients with proven ischaemic heart disease. The powder prevented ST-segment depression and T-wave inversion as observed in the post-exercise electrocardiogram. The petroleum ether extract of roots lowered plasma insulin and glucose levels within 75 min of oral administration to albino rats and it significantly counteracted adrenaline-induced hyperglycaemia in rats. The extract further showed negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects on frog heart. All these findings indicate that one of the constituents of Inula racemosa may have adrenergic beta-blocking activity.
An epidemic of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) occurred in Delhi in 1996. A total of 240 children between the age of 4 months to 13 years of either sex, admitted in one hospital, were evaluated. Two hundred and sixteen (90%) children were from Delhi. A clinical diagnosis of dengue fever (DF) was made in 25 (10%), dengue fever with unusual bleeding (DFB) in 22 (9%), DHF in 80 (33%) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in 113 (47%) of the children strictly according to the WHO classification. The age peaked at 8 years. There was no association between various grades of severity of illness and age-groups though girls suffered from more severe illness. No association between severity of malnutrition and severity of illness was observed. Tourniquet test was positive in 40% with DF, 18% with DFB, 62% with DHF and 64% with DSS. In DSS haematemesis was present in 55 (49%), epistaxis in 39 (35%), melaena in 27 (24%) and ecchymosis in 34 (30%) patients. Children diagnosed as DFB had haematemesis and epistaxis in 12 (55%) and 10 (45%) respectively. Intravenous fluid requirement was clearly less in DFB patients than in DHF/DSS patients. Unusual clinical features in the form of jaundice were present in 7 (6%), hepatic encephalopathy in 6 (5%) and dengue encephalopathy in 6 (5%) patients. Dengue 2 virus was isolated from 10 of the 50 patients for whom viral culture was done on C6/36 clone of Aedes albopictus cell line. Eighteen patients suffering from DSS died giving an overall case fatality of 7.5%. The mortality rate in DHF/DSS was 9.3%. It is further suggested that DFB is a distinct entity. Most patients could be classified by the WHO classification if a retrospective packed cell volume was used to assess haemoconcentration. We suggest that development of area-specific criteria for diagnosis and management is desirable.
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