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Biomedical subjects

P T Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to P T Murphy.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Dermatoglyphic fluctuating asymmetry and atypical handedness in schizophrenia.

Atypical handedness and dermatoglyphic abnormalities are hypothesized to reflect a neurodevelopmental disturbance in schizophrenia. Developmental instability, indexed by dermatoglyphic fluctuating asymmetry (FA), reflects the degree to which an individual's ontogenetic program is maintained and provides a useful framework in which to consider atypical handedness in schizophrenia. Thirty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were compared with 37 matched healthy controls on levels of dermatoglyphic FA, a demonstration task determining hand preference and a test of relative hand skill. Multivariate analyses established that patients demonstrated greater FA and more atypical hand skill compared with controls. In patients, but not in controls, there was a strong positive association between a measure of FA and a measure of atypical hand skill, suggesting that these markers of neurodevelopmental disturbance are related in schizophrenia. On a measure of hand preference, patients were more likely than controls to be classified as mixed handed than either right or left handed. Results from the present study support the conjecture of greater developmental instability in schizophrenia affecting neurodevelopmental processes, including those conferring manual dominance.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Low risk of central venous thrombosis with nontunnelled central venous catheters.

142 noncuffed, nontunnelled, single lumen central venous catheters were inserted in 103 patients with haematological malignancy. Insertion related complications were minimal and no symptomatic catheter-related central venous thrombosis occurred. Nontunnelled central venous catheters are an excellent alternative to the more commonly used tunnelled devices in terms of convenience, cost-effectiveness and low incidence of side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Octa- and nonaprenylhydroquinone sulfates, inhibitors of alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase VII, from an Australian marine sponge Sarcotragus sp.

Alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase (Fuc TVII) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of selectin ligands. We have isolated two inhibitors of Fuc TVII from a marine sponge Sarcotragus sp. They were characterized as octa- and nonaprenylhydroquinone sulfates on the basis of spectral data. These compounds inhibited Fuc-TVII with IC50 values of 3.9 and 2.4 microg/mL, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria caused by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria is an autoimmune haemolytic anaemia characterized by a biphasic polyclonal IgG autoantibody, the Donath-Landsteiner (D-L) antibody. Although classically described in association with chronic syphilis, it is most commonly seen after acute viral infections in children. We describe a case of high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which presented with paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria. The lymphoma responded promptly to combination chemotherapy whilst, at the same time, the haemolytic process rapidly resolved. Subsequent investigations showed that the D-L antibody originated from the lymphoma cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Primary cardiac lymphoma: death from cardiac asystole after attaining second complete remission.

A patient with primary high grade cardiac lymphoma, diagnosed by pericardial fluid cytology, achieved complete remission with chemotherapy. After a relapse 11 months later, a second complete remission was attained with radiotherapy and chemotherapy but the patient suffered a fatal cardiac asystole during intensification therapy. A review of the recent literature suggests that prognosis for this rare extra nodal lymphoma has markedly improved as a result of early diagnosis and prompt institution of aggressive antilymphoma therapy.

Death, Sudden, Cardiac↗
PubMed1998

Audit of patients on oral anticoagulants with International normalized ratios of eight or above.

We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of all patients (n = 77, mean age 74.2) on oral anticoagulants with an International normalized ratio (INR) of eight or above in a 12-month period in the Leicestershire District Health Authority (DHA). From a total of 55,625 INRs, 131 (0.24%) were > or = 8. A major cause of over-anticoagulation was unsatisfactory dose loading during in-hospital commencement of oral anticoagulation. The incidence of major bleeding was 12.9% of total episodes of INR > or = 8 with two haemorrhage-related fatalities. Therapy of major haemorrhage with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and intravenous (i.v) vitamin K proved effective but was not given in a majority of such cases. In conclusion, improvements in initial dose loading of oral anticoagulation and in the management of major haemorrhage are required. Severely over-anticoagulated patients without obvious bleeding should nevertheless receive small dose vitamin K therapy to reduce the risk of haemorrhage related morbidity and mortality without compromising subsequent oral anti-coagulant control.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Lymphoma associated bone marrow necrosis with raised anticardiolipin antibody.

A case of high grade B cell lymphoma presented with bone marrow necrosis, followed by development of extensive marrow fibrosis, the evolution of which was documented by serial magnetic resonance imaging and bone marrow trephine histology. A markedly raised anticardiolipin antibody titre at diagnosis suggests that lymphoma associated antiphospholipid syndrome may have contributed to the aetiology of the bone marrow necrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Interleukin-4 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha produce non isotype specific partial differentiation of peripheral blood B-cells in myeloma.

In a previous study, culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from myeloma patients with interleukin(IL)-4 and tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha resulted in the appearance of clonal plasma cells, thus suggesting the presence of circulating myeloma cell precursors in the peripheral blood. Using the same cytokine combination, we cultured PBMC and purified peripheral blood B-cells from myeloma patients. In nearly all cases, partial differentiation of B-cells occurred but, similarly to results for normal controls, both kappa and lambda light chain (L.C.) cytoplasmic positive lymphoid and lymphoplasmacytoid cells were detected rather than clonal plasma cells. These results suggest that IL-4 and TNF-alpha cause partial differentiation of residual normal polyclonal B-cells rather than of circulating myeloma cell precursors in the peripheral blood of myeloma patients.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1998

Adjunctive treatment of compartment syndrome with hyperbaric oxygen.

Trauma-induced compartment syndrome and other acute traumatic peripheral ischemias have been effectively treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. We describe a case of compartment syndrome associated with an acute exertional injury. After surgical decompression, hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduced edema and improved tissue viability. The mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen applicable to the pathophysiology of compartment syndrome are described. We believe that hyperbaric oxygen is a useful intervention in the management of compartment syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Australian deliberations on access to its terrestrial and marine biodiversity.

The predominantly developed country business principle that the natural resource is effectively free, or of very low monetary value, has been significantly challenged in recent years, not only through the recognition of the accelerated rate of depletion of native forest resources and of the space and food demands of increasing populations, but also through international conventions which deal with a wide range of topics from the rights of indigenous people to the Law of the Sea Convention. Australia, classified as a developed country, but located in a geographic region of many developing countries, has, in the past 25 years, demonstrated particular concern for the rights of the people of those countries, as well as for the rights of indigenous people of Australia. The practical international aspects were clearly exemplified in the time, from 1985, when the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) negotiated, within the National Cancer Institute (NCI) contract, that collections of biological samples in developing countries would be accompanied by an agreement to provide benefits arising from field work, and from any commercial product developments, to those countries. Australia, as a signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity (Appendix I), continues to analyze the challenge presented by the need to freely exchange genetic resources of common value, e.g. food crops, while insuring an appropriate reward to developing and developed countries, should discoveries be made from their biological resources, which lead directly or indirectly, to high value commercial non-food products. The Prime Minister's Coordinating Committee on Science and Technology established a special working group to recommend on access to Australia's biodiversity. The report arising from the study, and other related issues, are discussed.

Animals↗