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Biomedical subjects

P Sunshine

Publications and source records attributed to P Sunshine.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1972

Effect of carbohydrate and corticosteroids on activity of -glucosidases in intestine of the infant rat.

The activities of intestinal sucrase and isomaltase are not detectable in rats before 15-16 days of age, but administration of corticosteroids precociously induces the activities of these two alpha-glucosidases. 9-day old rats were removed from their mothers, warmed in an incubator, and fed by constant infusion through gastrostomies. The basic diet was a soya preparation to which various sugars were added. When the diet contained 2% sucrose, diarrhea ensued for 48 hr, but subsided when intestinal sucrase and isomaltase appeared precociously. In animals fed sucrose, the activities of sucrase and isomaltase were markedly increased as compared to animals on carbohydrate-free diets (sucrase 2.41+/-0.23 vs. 0.63+/-0.13 U, isomaltase 3.43+/-0.42 vs. 0.78+/-0.18 U). Maltase activity was doubled, while lactase was not altered significantly. The mitotic index of crypt cells, the depth of crypts, and incorporation of thymidine-(3)H into DNA were increased. In adrenalectomized rats, activities of sucrase and isomaltase were not detected nor induced by sucrose. Steroids given to adrenalectomized rats caused appearance of the enzymes; but if cortisone and sucrose were given together, there was synergism evidenced by a marked increase in activities (sucrase 7.2+/-1.1 vs. 0.68+/-0.12 U). In contrast to observations in adult animals, the effect of sucrose on alpha-glucosidases in developing animals demands the participation of the adrenal gland.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1970

Effect of cortisone on the developmental pattern of the neutral and the acid beta-galactosidase of the small intestine of the rat.

1. The developmental pattern and effect of cortisone on acid beta-galactosidase and neutral beta-galactosidase were studied in postnatal rats by a recently proposed method for their independent determination. 2. After birth the acid beta-galactosidase activity increases in the ileum, whereas it decreases slightly in the jejunum. On day 16 after birth the activity in the ileum decreases and in 20-day-old rats activity in both parts of the intestine decreases to adult values. In suckling animals the activity in the ileum exceeds the jejunal activity severalfold and in adult animals the activity in the jejunum is slightly higher than that in the ileum. 3. Neutral beta-galactosidase activity is high after birth and decreases in both jejunum and ileum after day 20 after birth. In 12-20-day-old rats activity in both parts is essentially the same, but in adult animals jejunal activity exceeds ileal activity four-to five-fold. 4. Cortisone (0.5, 2.0 or 5.0mg/100g body wt. daily for 4 days) does not influence the activity of either enzyme in 60-day-old rats. Acid beta-galactosidase activity is decreased after cortisone treatment in 8-, 12-, 16-and 18-day-old rats, with sensitivity to cortisone increasing with the approach of weaning. No effect of cortisone on acid beta-galactosidase is seen in 8-day-old rats. Neutral beta-galactosidase activity is increased in the ileum of 8-, 12-, 16- and 18-day old rats, but only in the jejunum of 8-and 12-day-old rats.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1970

Effect of colchicine on intestinal disaccharidases: correlation with biochemical aspects of cellular renewal.

There was a significant depression of the activities of intestinal lactase, invertase, and alkaline phosphatase in rats given drinking water containing 2.5 mg of colchicine per 100 ml. Activities of intestinal maltase, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase were not affected by the drug. Injection of colchicine (1 mg/kg) caused depression of intestinal invertase activity within 8 hr. Investigation of the effect of colchicine on the disaccharides in vitro demonstrated that invertase and maltase were not affected by concentrations up to 125 mg/100 ml. Intestinal lactase was inhibited by concentrations exceeding 5 mg/100 ml. Calculation of the concentration of colchicine present in the intestine, after a single injection, indicated that the in vivo effect of colchicine was not due to simple enzyme inhibition. Histological examination showed an increase in crypt cells but no decrease in the length of the villi. Cellular migration along the villi, as well as activity of uridine kinase in intestinal mucosa, was increased in colchicine-treated rats. It was concluded that colchicine did not depress intestinal invertase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase by decreasing cellular renewal, but rather it exerted its effect directly on the differentiated cells of the villus.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗