Sex differences, personality and study difficulty in university students.
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Achievement↗
Biomedical subjects
P Stringer
Publications and source records attributed to P Stringer.
Objective constructs and cognitive structure.
Some relations between objective content and concrete structure in cognitive systems are examined in repertory grids completed by 58 individuals. Predictions that systems with objective content would show less discrimination, differentiation and integration were unconfirmed, results tending in the opposite direction to that hypothesized. There was a similar outcome for six measures of cognitive style as dependent variables. It it suggested that objective-subjective constructs and their concrete-abstract use should be further investigated with the expectation of finding more complex relations in individuals' cognitive systems.
Adult↗
Personality correlates of study difficulty and academic performance in university students. I. The Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire and Dynamic Personality Inventory.
The personality correlates of study difficulty and academic performance in university students have been measured in terms of psychiatric symptomatology and premorbid characteristics. The UCLSQ, MHQ and DPI were administered to two groups of male and female students presenting at an health centre: one (n = 72) of patients seeking psychological help, the other (n = 73) a control group. Significant differences between the two groups were formed on the MHQ, confirming previous results; and these were supplemented by differences on the DPI. Motivational and psychoneurotic components of study difficulty were significantly related to MHQ scores in both groups. DPI scores were more closely related to study difficulty in the patients than controls; and served particularly to characterize their sylbism and work satisfaction. The DPI added to the picture of a subgroup of students observed both in an earlier and the present study: academically successful patients scoring high on phobic anxiety.
Achievement↗
Personality correlates of study difficulty and academic performance in university students. II. Conscience and self-esteem.
Scales measuring self-esteem and conscience have been included in a further study of work-related symptoms in students. Two groups were tested: a group of patients attending the UCL Student Health Centre for psychological reasons, and a group of normal controls. Conscience and self-esteem were inversely related to one another. Both tests were reliable and differentiated between the groups. The patients tend to have low self-esteem, high conscience, and to score higher than controls both on neurotic symptoms as such as measured by a personality inventory (MHQ) and as assessed on work-related symptoms measured by our study difficulty questionnaire (UCLSQ). In terms of academic performance, an interesting subgroup of students was delineated who are rated highly by their tutors but who appear subjectively troubled with phobic anxiety, low self-esteem and a harsh conscience structure. The conscience and self-esteem scales, in view of their brevity, acceptable reliability, and in terms of the relationships discussed in this paper, will be retained for further research.
Achievement↗
Male homosexuality, psychiatric patient status, and psychological masculinity and femininity.
The personality dynamics of homosexuality, psychiatric patient status, and psychological masculinity and femininity were assessed for four groups of 45 male subjects in a full factorial comparison. Results show that homosexuality can be significantly characterized by the Dynamic Personality Inventory independently of psychiatric attendance and that aspects of sex role, considered both normatively and within the sample, are especially effective in that respect. Emphasis is laid on a multidimensional approach to masculinity and femininity. Results are further interpreted with regard to parental relations and the minority status of male homosexuals.
Adult↗
Further observation on study difficulty in university students including 'syllabus-boundess'.
The UCLS questionnaire, in a form modified to include a measure of syllabus-boundness, and a questionnaire to measure psychiatric symptomatology (the MHQ) were administered to two groups of students, one seeking help for emotional problems, the other a control group. Groups were compared on tests, test findings were inter-correlated, and scores were related to academic success. The UCLSQ is confirmed as a reliable research instrument. Principal component analysis again indicates a separation of psychoneurotic and motivational components of study difficulty. Syllabus-boundness ('Sylbism') emerges as a relatively independent trait, with a significant negative relationship to work satisfaction in both groups. MHQ scores again show a positive correlation between phobic anxiety and academic attainment for patients.
Achievement↗
Typing of human red cell and serum mixtures in three electrophoretic systems.
The isoenzymes erythrocyte acid phosphatase and phosphoglucomutase were typed in mixed red cell samples which had been derived from two individuals; the protein group specific component was typed in mixed serum samples. Typing was performed by isoelectric focusing on ultrathin polyacrylamide gels. Depending upon the mixture, from 2 to 20% (but typically 5-10%) by volume of a second blood or serum needed to be present in a mixture before it could be detected. In the majority of cases when there was significant mixing, samples were readily identified as a mixture when the results consisted of unusual band patterns or unusual band intensities. There would be a few instances when blood or serum could not be identified as a mixture when masking effects occurred or when the mixture produced a combined, apparently normal, pattern.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Alleged sexual violation of a human female by a Rottweiler dog.
An unusual case involving the alleged sexual violation of a woman by three men and a Rottweiler dog is described. Forensic examination proved difficult and showed little of evidentiary value but did reveal the presence of dog hairs at the scene, and semen from one of the men on the victim's panties. All attempts to locate and identify dog semen were unsuccessful. It was not clear whether dog semen could not be located using available techniques for semen identification, or whether dog semen was, in fact, not present at all.
Animals↗