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Biomedical subjects

P Strange

Publications and source records attributed to P Strange.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Treatment of cervical disc disease using Cloward's technique. III. Evaluation of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in 138 cases.

Among 1,106 patients with cervical disc disease treated with Cloward's operation over a fifteen-year period, 138 patients had symptoms and signs of spinal cord involvement. The median symptom duration was one year. Nearly all had gait disturbances, 63% had spasticity of the lower extremities and 11% had various degrees of tetraplegia. Three months after surgery 78% of the patients were found to have some symptoms, but only 5% had no symptoms at all. At the time of the questionnaire (average 7.7 years postoperatively) 46% of the patients stated they were still affected by the operation. The duration of preoperative symptoms was of significance to the outcome, but age, sex, and severity of myelopathy were not. It was demonstrated that patients with medullary involvement had a higher annual mortality rate than patients with radicular symptoms, and that this rate depended on the severity of the spinal cord symptoms.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of cervical disc disease using Cloward's technique. I. General results, effect of different operative methods and complications in 1,106 patients.

During the period from April, 1965, to October, 1979, 1,106 patients with symptoms or signs of cervical disc disease were operated on using Cloward's technique. 94% of the patients alive filled in a questionnaire forwarded on October, 1980. The study revealed that 81% experienced an immediate effect of the operation, and 63% were in a better condition than preoperatively at the time of the questionnaire. It appeared that the effect of the operation 1 year postoperatively was independent of age and observation time, but the functional result and postoperative working capacity were very significantly better in young patients, but still independent of observation time. The result was independent of the number of primarily inserted grafts, cutting of the posterior spinal ligament or the finding of a free herniated disc. Use of calf bone grafts resulted in more reoperations. Primary complications were registered in 13% of the patients, reduced to 5% after 3 months. 3 patients developed a severe tetraplegia, and 6 patients died within 3 months of the operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of cervical disc disease using Cloward's technique. The prognostic value of clinical preoperative data in 1,106 patients.

During a fifteen-year period 1,106 patients underwent Cloward's operation due to cervical disc disease. An analysis of the clinical features showed that the diseases had a very complex pattern of symptoms and signs. In young patients a syndrome of herniated disc predominated whereas a clinical picture of "cervical spondylosis" was found more often in the elderly. It was demonstrated that best results were obtained in young patients, patients with slight symptoms and patients with monoradicular symptoms. A short duration of symptoms is essential for a good outcome, and, on the basis of the data presented, operation is recommended 3 months after the onset of symptoms of cervical disc disease, if previous conservative treatment has failed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Multiple mononeuritis and radiculitis with erythema, pain, elevated CSF protein and pleocytosis (Bannwarth's syndrome).

Four patients with Bannwarth's syndrome were examined. One to three weeks weeks after the appearance of a large erythematous skin lesion they developed pain of variable localisation. Four days to four weeks later uni- or bilateral facial palsies and other nerve lesions developed. CSF showed elevated protein and mononuclear pleocytosis. There was a defect of the blood-brain barrier and increased intrathecal production of IgG. Facial nerve latencies were increased 4 to 7 times in three cases and normal in one case examined 15 months after onset. Conduction velocity along other nerves was normal apart from slight slowing in one diabetic patient. Recovery was incomplete in three patients 8 to 15 months after onset of disease and complete in one patient after 15 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Primary brain stem tumours.

The material consisted of 31 patients with primary brain stem tumours who were investigated retrospectively. Twenty patients were younger than 16 years of age (range: 1 1/2-65 years). The mean age was 11 years. The female/male sex ratio was 19/12. Histological diagnoses were available for 18 patients. All of the verified tumours were gliomas. The diagnoses in 12 cases were made by section or biopsy; in 15 by standard clinical and radiological examinations and in 4 by exploratory operations. Headaches, mental changes, speech and gait disturbances were the most common symptoms at the onset of the illness and at the time of diagnosis. The mean latency period between the emergence of symptom(s) until diagnosis was 4 months (range: 1/2-48 months). Amongst the dominant objective findings were failure of the V, VI and VII cranial nerves, pyramidal tract symptoms, ataxia and nystagmus, occurring singly or in combination. Pneumoencephalograms disclosed characteristic changes in 25 patients (83%). Fourteen patients (45%) received radiation treatment, from which 5 (36%) obtained a temporary remission in their symptoms. The postdiagnostic mean survival period for the patients was 15 months (range: 0-92 months). The survival time was found to depend on the number of damaged cranial nerve nuclei at the time of diagnosis and on the degree of severity and duration of the accompanying hydrocephalus. The prognosis was unfavourable, as the percentage of patients who survived for 2 years was only 6%, and a total duration of illness longer than 2 years occurred in only 7 patients. None of the patients were still surviving at the conclusion of this investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Total number and mean cell volume of neocortical neurons in rats exposed to 2,5-hexanedione with and without acetone.

The toxicological effects of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) alone and combined with acetone on the number and size of neurons in the cerebral cortex of rats were evaluated with stereological techniques. Thirty rats were equally divided into three groups: One control, one receiving 0.5% 2,5-HD, and one receiving 0.5% 2,5-HD and 0.5% acetone in the drinking water for seven weeks. Unbiased estimates of the total number of neocortical neurons, as well as the mean neuronal nuclei and cell body volumes were obtained from systematically sampled 3.5-microns sections. The total number of neurons in the 2,5-HD group was significantly smaller than the control group (p less than 0.05, one-tailed t-test). Both test groups showed significant changes in the mean cell body volume: Compared with the control group, animals exposed to 2,5-HD had 11% smaller cell body volumes while animals exposed to 2,5-HD and acetone had 13% larger cell body volumes. These data represent the first unbiased estimation of mean cell volume in toxicology. We propose the nucleator method as an efficient and accurate tool for estimating quantitative changes in toxicological research.

Acetone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of 2,5-hexanedione alone and in combination with acetone on radial arm maze behavior, the "brain-swelling" reaction and synaptosomal functions.

A multidisciplinary study to investigate 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD)-induced CNS-neurotoxicity and its proposed potentiation by acetone (AC) was conducted. Neurobehavioral testing, estimation of the brain-swelling reaction, neuropathological and morphometric measurements as well as synaptosomal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake were evaluated. Male Wistar rats were exposed through their drinking water, for seven weeks, either to 0.5% 2,5-HD alone or to 0.5% 2,5-HD in combination with 0.5% AC. This 2,5-HD dose is known to cause neurotoxicity in the peripheral nervous system. Exposed animals were compared to a control group that received tap water. Acquisition but not performance of spatial learning, as measured in the radial 8-arm maze, was significantly inhibited by the coexposure to 2,5-HD and AC. Brain weights of rats exposed to 2,5-HD alone and to 2,5-HD and AC in combination, were slightly, albeit significantly, reduced. Synaptosomal high-affinity 5-HT uptake rate and uptake capacity were significantly reduced by 2,5-HD alone and in combination with AC. The morphometric results are reported in a companion paper. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that 2,5-HD is a CNS-neurotoxicant. The hypothesis about AC potentiation of 2,5-HD CNS-neurotoxicity was supported.

Acetone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognosis for patients treated conservatively for spontaneous intracerebral hematomas.

The long-term clinical and CT-outcome of 53 conservatively treated patients with spontaneous intracerebral hematomas (ICH) was studied in relation to the acute findings. The acute mortality of ICH was 27%. Determinant for the immediate prognosis was the level of consciousness and the volume of the hematoma. The crucial size was 50 ml with a mortality of 90% for hematomas larger and 10% for hematomas smaller than that. Intraventricular hemorrhage was a bad prognostic sign only in the ganglionic-thalamic hematomas. At follow-up at a median of 4 1/2 years after ICH, 30% of the total series had a completely normal neurological examination and 28% had resumed work. Thirteen per cent had minor neurological deficits and 17% had debilitating sequelae. During the follow-up period 7 patients had died, which indicates an excess mortality for ICH survivors. The CT findings at follow-up consisted of low density areas smaller than the original hematomas, focal atrophy, calcifications and porencephalic cysts. In 10% the CT scan revealed no trace of the previous hematoma.

Adolescent↗