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Biomedical subjects

P Slade

Publications and source records attributed to P Slade.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Life events and somatisation among students.

137 first year undergraduates presenting to the student health service were studied to assess the effect of life events, locus of control, psychiatric symptoms and illness behaviour in determining whether a psychological or physical symptom was presented to the doctor. Psychological presenters were small in number, but showed significantly more life events additional to those expected during the first year of higher education. They also showed greater external attribution for affiliation and more prominent illness behaviour. 65% of the sample showed GHQ scores indicating probable psychiatric illness. Those with a high GHQ score and physical presentation, who did not have an organic basis for their symptoms were termed 'somatisers'. Like those with a psychological presentation, the somatisers had experienced a break, or serious difficulty in a close relationship with a member of the opposite sex, or the death of a close relative or friend. This study has used a new method of assessment of life events among students and the results indicate the high prevalence of somatisation among first year college students attending the health centre.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Social support in women reporting dysmenorrhea.

Twenty-five women who reported dysmenorrhea were compared with a control group reporting no dysmenorrheic symptoms. An assessment of the structural and functional aspects of their social support system and ratings of somatic awareness and depression were made. Dysmenorrheic women reported less adequate social support than the control group. Although the two groups indicated similar numbers of individuals within their networks the dysmenorrheics reported a higher frequency of inadequate and geographically distant relationships. Somatic awareness but not depression scores were also elevated in the dysmenorrheic group.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Premenstrual emotional changes in normal women: fact or fiction?

One hundred and eighteen women reported their experiences of symptoms on a daily basis. They were unaware that the study concerned the menstrual cycle. There was evidence of cyclic changes peaking premenstrually and menstrually for physical symptoms but psychological changes occurred randomly throughout the cycle. A possible explanation for the discrepancy between beliefs about the occurrence of symptoms and ratings of symptoms from daily reports is explored. This relies on the experience of random emotional fluctuations and differential patterns of attribution.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Towards a functional analysis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

This paper is concerned with the description of an aetiological model of anorexia nervosa and one form of bulimia nervosa. The model has been generated within the conceptual framework of 'functional analysis' and is based on a combination of research evidence and clinical observation. The model attempts to explain the development of anorexia nervosa in terms of a set of hypothesized antecedent events/variables and its maintenance/exacerbation in terms of both positive and negative reinforcers. Specifically it is suggested that initial dieting behaviour is triggered by apparently innocuous psychosocial stimuli, in the context of major setting conditions which predispose the individual towards self- and bodily control: an that successful dieting is then powerfully reinforced by its consequences, which rapidly lead to a downward spiralling into full-blown anorexia nervosa. In this formulation anorexia nervosa is viewed as an attempted adaptive strategy (which has functional value to the individual), given the major setting conditions of the individual's current life situation. Similarly, bulimia nervosa following on from anorexia nervosa is viewed as an attempted adaptive strategy given prevailing environmental and biological pressures towards increasing food intake. The model is presented in the form of diagrammatic formulations and its theoretical and therapeutic implications discussed in relation to the relevant literature..

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A questionnaire study of hostility in persistent auditory hallucinators.

Twenty-six psychotic patients selected for persistent auditory hallucinations were tested on the HDHQ Questionnaire. Their total hostility scores were found to be significantly higher than those of the mixed schizophrenic normative sample, suggesting a link between aggressive tendencies and auditory hallucinations. The total sample was further subdivided on the basis of duration, location and quality of voices, and subgroup comparisons undertaken. These suggested that location and quality of voices were independent of each other and differentially linked with other measures. Several hypothesis for further investigation were generated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attributional patterns, moods, and the menstrual cycle.

Sixty women attending a family planning clinic completed assessments of their attributions for negative and positive mood states for an individual at different menstrual cycle stages. Negative moods occurring premenstrually were almost invariably viewed as related to health factors. Positive moods tended to be attributed to environmental events and the person's lifestyle details. Personality tended to be used as an attribution for moods occurring intermenstrually. There was no association between attributional patterns and menstrual cycle complaints or attitudes to the menstrual cycle as measured by the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire. The results are discussed within the framework of the social cognition theory of menstrual cycle complaints.

Adult↗