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Biomedical subjects

P Sherman

Publications and source records attributed to P Sherman.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Sequential disaccharidase loss in rat intestinal blind loops: impact of malnutrition.

We studied lactase, maltase, and sucrase activities in the mucosa of self-filling blind loops (SFBL) in adult rats at weekly intervals after SFBL formation in order to determine the sequence in which disaccharidase activities fall. The studies were carried out on nourished and malnourished rats and extended to a recovery period induced by antibiotics to determine the effects of malnutrition on the establishment and repair of disaccharidase deficiencies caused by bacterial overgrowth. Malnutrition was produced by feeding 50% of the intake of paired rats fed ad libitum. Disaccharidase activities were determined in SFBL from nourished and malnourished rats at 7-day intervals until pandisaccharidase deficiency was established and during a 2-wk recovery period induced by antibiotics. Maximal SFBL bacterial counts in both nourished and malnourished groups of rats and brush-border glycoprotein degradation ratios were established at 7 days. In nourished rats only lactase was deficient at 7 days; maltase and sucrase fell later and sequentially. In malnourished rats all three disaccharidases were reduced at 7 days. Disaccharidase activities in self-emptying blind loops (SEBL), used as operated controls, were not decreased 28 days after surgery. Malnutrition had no effect on disaccharidase activities in the SEBL, and malnutrition did not affect recovery rates with antibiotic therapy. We conclude that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth causes a staggered loss of disaccharidase activities beginning with the loss of lactase activity. In the presence of bacterial overgrowth, malnutrition accelerates the conversion of a mono- to a pan-disaccharidase deficiency.

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PubMed1984

The effect of specimen processing on radiolabeled monoclonal antibody biodistribution.

Monoclonal antibodies are assuming increasing importance in experimental and clinical medicine. Generally, tissue biodistribution studies in animals precede human studies. To investigate a concern of ours that varying methods of sample handling in these studies could result in apparent alterations in tissue-binding levels, we compared two methods of tissue processing after the administration of labeled antibodies: one including only blotting away of blood, the other involving several washing steps. The unwashed, blotted specimens were found to have significantly more radioactivity per gram of tissue than the washed, ranging from 22% more in the spleen to 52% more in the lungs and left ventricle. Since in vivo imaging is dependent on the total mount of radioactivity in an organ, we believe the most meaningful determination of tissue radioactivity should be based on unwashed samples. Awareness of this problem is suggested to allow meaningful extrapolations from measured tissue localization data to imaging and therapy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Classification of ultrasonic image texture by statistical discriminant analysis of neutral networks.

In this paper the ability of two common statistical discriminant analysis procedures are compared with two commercial neural network software packages. The major objective of this study was to determine which of the procedures could best discriminate between normal and abnormal ultrasonic liver textures. The same set of features were input into both statistical discriminant analysis procedures and both neural network models. Preliminary results have found the restricted Coulomb Energy (RCE) neural network model to have a testing accuracy of 90.6% which is approximately 10% better than any of the other techniques investigated.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of type 1 somatic pili (fimbriae) in mucosal attachment of the enteroadherent Escherichia coli, strain RDEC-1, in rabbits.

We have previously shown that attachment of the rabbit enteroadherent Escherichia coli, strain RDEC-1, to ileal brush borders in vitro is mediated by both mannose-resistant, AF/R1 pili and mannose-sensitive, type 1 pili. Because the role of type 1, somatic pili as adhesins that mediate bacterial enteroadherence in vivo remains controversial, we examined adherence of RDEC-1 expressing either type 1 pili or AF/R1 pili to rabbit ileum in ligated loops and after oral infection of rabbits. A rabbit fecal commensal E. coli, 640, which also expressed type 1 pili was used as a control. After oral infection of rabbits we evaluated: (a) diarrhea, (b) fecal shedding of organisms, (c) luminal colonization of jejunum and ileum, and (d) mucosal adherence of bacteria to jejunum, ileum, and colon. RDEC-1 expressing either type 1 or AF/R1 pili adhered to enterocytes both in ileal ligated loops and in the distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon of infected rabbits. In contrast, enteroadherence of 640 was not observed. Diarrhea developed in rabbits challenged with either type 1 or AF/R1 piliated RDEC-1, but not in rabbits fed 640. Seven days after infection of rabbits with RDEC-1 bearing type 1 pili, luminal colonization of jejunum (4.22 +/- 0.55 CFU/g, X +/- SE) and ileum (6.34 +/- 0.55) was the same as after infection with AF/R1 piliated RDEC-1 (jejunum 4.47 +/- 0.20, ileum 5.81 +/- 0.70) and significantly greater than luminal colonization by type 1 piliated 640 (jejunum less than 2.22 +/- 0.14, ileum less than 2.06 +/- 0.15).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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