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Biomedical subjects

P Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to P Sharma.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Kinetics of the immune responses during the course of hepatic amoebic infection--an experimental study.

Following intrahepatic inoculation of axenic Entamoeba histolytica (strain NIH:200V), all hamsters developed amoebic abscesses in the liver by 7 d after inoculation. All the animals cleared the infection spontaneously by 28 d after inoculation. The establishment of amoebae leading to acute liver abscess was accompanied by significantly reduced levels of antibodies to the plasma membrane (PM) protein of E. histolytica, reduced direct macrophage cytotoxicity, and reduced anti-PM antibody-mediated macrophage-dependent cytotoxicity to amoebic trophozoites. This phase of infection was also accompanied by a significant reduction in cellular sensitization to PM proteins and to phytohaemagglutinin. Reduction in size of the liver abscesses and clearance of infection were accompanied by significant development of anti-PM antibodies, cellular sensitization to the PM proteins, enhanced direct macrophage cytotoxicity, and anti-PM antibody-mediated macrophage-dependent cytotoxicity to trophozoites. The data suggest that the amoebic disease process is modulated by immune responses to the PM protein of E. histolytica.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heyneanine hydroxyindolenine, a new indole alkaloid from Ervatamia coronaria var. plena.

The whole plant of Ervatamia coronaria var. plena obtained from Thailand has afforded a new indole alkaloid 19S-heyneanine hydroxyindolenine whose structure was deduced through interpretation of spectral data. Nine known alkaloids, coronaridine, coronaridine hydroxyindolenine, voacangine, voacangine hydroxyindolenine, heyneanine, voacristine, 3-oxo-coronaridine, 3-oxo-voacangine,and voacristine hydroxyindolenine, and six common triterpenoids were also isolated. Coronaridine was the principal cytotoxic alkaloid obtained.

Alkaloids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resolving eosinophilic myositis: MR features.

We describe MR findings in a case of idiopathic eosinophilic myositis presenting as painful swelling of the upper arm. Imaging revealed diffusely enlarged and edematous triceps muscle with an associated ill-defined heterogeneous mass in its midportion. Prominent edema was noted in adjacent fascia. The follow-up MR image showed complete resolution, though no specific treatment was given.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strabismus fixus convergens secondary to amyloidosis.

Strabismus fixus convergens is a condition in which both eyes become fixed in extreme adduction. It can be congenital or acquired. We report a case of strabismus fixus convergens in a high myope with primary amyloidosis localized to the lateral rectus muscle. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of strabismus fixus convergens secondary to amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polaroid scotometer: a new device to chart suppression scotomata.

Suppression, an active inhibition of vision in one eye under binocular conditions, is a sensory adaptation in concomitant strabismus. The characteristics and extent of suppression differ not only in different types of strabismus but also in the same type under different testing conditions, which may differ in their degree of dissociation. The findings in exodeviations have thus varied from regional suppression to hemiretinal trigger, and in esodeviations from two point scotoma to single large scotoma. There is a need for a simple but less dissociative test to chart the fields under binocular conditions. We have devised a new, simple instrument based on polaroid dissociation. The findings corroborate the findings of more sophisticated tests like phase-difference haploscope.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of superior oblique weakening procedures.

PURPOSE: To evaluate two superior oblique weakening procedures, silicon expander (SE), and translational recession (TR), and their effects on correction of "A" pattern, vertical deviation in adduction and dorsoadduction, superior oblique overaction, and torsion. METHOD: In a prospective, institution-based study, 32 eyes of 16 patients having bilateral superior oblique overaction with significant "A" pattern (>10 prism diopters [delta]) were evaluated. The parameters studied were: change in "A" pattern; effect on vertical deviation in adduction and dorsoadduction; superior oblique overaction; and torsion. 95% reduction in "A" pattern with SE and 92% reduction with TR, indicating equal effect in collapse of "A" phenomenon (p=0.78). The extorsion produced by TR was more than that produced by SE (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both the SE and TR procedures offered controlled weakening of the superior oblique and caused a 95% and 92% reduction in the "A" pattern. The latter procedure caused a marked extorsional change, three times that which resulted from SE. Both the procedures leave residual superior oblique overaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cyclofusion in normal and superior oblique palsy subjects.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the cyclofusional status in normal and acquired superior oblique palsy subjects. To know the extent to which cyclodeviations can be tolerated asymptomatically. METHOD: Incyclovergence and excyclovergence break points and recovery points were evaluated in 40 normal subjects and 17 cases of acquired superior oblique palsy. A Polaroid dissociation stereoprojector was used with special torsional slides at fixation distances of 1 meter and 6 meters. In addition, maximum intorsion tolerated (MIT) and maximum extorsion tolerated (MET), ie, the torsion that allowed baseline horizontal fusion, were studied. The evaluation was repeated in the palsy group 1 month after recovery, which was spontaneous in 8 cases, and after surgery in 9 cases. RESULT: The normal values for incyclovergence and excyclovergence were in the range of 12 degrees (break point) and 8 degrees (recovery point). In the case of superior oblique palsy, only the incyclovergence recovery point was significantly diminished (p=.004), which improved after recovery to near normal values. The intorsion tolerance (MIT) and extorsion tolerance (MET) also showed deterioration in the palsy group. After recovery, the MIT normalized but the MET did not recover at 1-meter distance fixation. The maximum torsional tolerance values appear to be more critical. CONCLUSION: The cyclofusional vergence under physiological conditions are better than reported earlier. But MIT and MET are better indicators of cyclofusional potential. These low values demand more precise alignment of the torsion in weakening or strengthening surgery of the oblique muscles.

Eye Movements↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of mitomycin C in reducing reformation of adhesions following surgery for restrictive strabismus.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of mitomycin C in reducing reformation of adhesions following surgery for restrictive strabismus. METHODS: Sixteen patients with restrictive strabismus resulting from trauma, retinal detachment surgery, and multiple squint surgeries were randomized to either a mitomycin group (8 patients) or a control group (8 patients). Mitomycin C (0.2 mg/mL) was applied intraoperatively for 5 minutes after release of adhesions. Range of passive ductions was scored for comparison. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 3-18 months. RESULTS: Compared to controls, the mitomycin C group had better range of passive ductions. There were no complications related to the cornea, intraocular pressure, uveitis, or muscle disinsertion in the mitomycin C group. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative application of mitomycin C (0.2 mg/mL for 5 minutes) is a safe and effective adjunct to surgery in the treatment of restrictive strabismus.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extraocular muscle cysticercosis: a clinical masquerade.

PURPOSE: To highlight the different presentations of extraocular muscle cysticercosis, which can result in acquired ocular motility disorders. METHODS: Ten cases of acquired motility disorders examined between January 1998 and January 1999 were diagnosed as extraocular muscle cysticercosis with computed tomography (CT). All patients were treated with corticosteroid therapy and albendazole. Repeat CT scans were performed in 5 patients. RESULTS: The inferior rectus muscle was most commonly affected with double elevator palsy the most common clinical presentation. Response to treatment was satisfactory with complete resolution of the ocular motility disorder in 8 patients. Initiating therapy with corticosteroids prior to the addition of cysticidal drugs prevented severe inflammatory reactions and residual strabismus. CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion should be entertained for extraocular muscle cysticercosis in every case of recent acquired ocular motility disorder. Response to medical therapy is satisfactory.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lateral rectus split in the management of Duane's Retraction Syndrome.

This case reports Type I Duane's Retraction Syndrome with marked upshoot of the globe in adduction. An 18-year-old patient presented with complaints of not being able to move his left eye outwards since childhood. A 'Y' split of the lateral rectus muscle was performed in the affected eye. There was marked cosmetic and functional improvement in the patient which was stable after 6 months of follow-up. Y splitting of the lateral rectus muscle is a simple technique that can be used effectively in the treatment of marked upshoot or downshoot in Duane's Retraction Syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rhinosporidiosis and peripheral keratitis.

Report of a case of peripheral keratitis caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. The patient was seen in a referral practice. Corneal scraping was performed on a middle-aged female patient presenting with peripheral keratitis and progressive nasal obstruction that revealed spores suggestive of rhinosporidiosis. The patient was started on topical amphotericin B 0.15% eye drops. Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) examination showed presence of a polypoid lesion in the left nostril for which a polypectomy was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed rhinosporidiosis. Complete resolution of the keratitis was observed. Topical amphotericin B is an effective drug in the management of this condition. Keratitis secondary to rhinosporidial infection has not been described although occasional patients with limbal and scleral involvement have been reported. Corneal scraping was effective in helping us make a tentative diagnosis.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Calmodulin-like activity in mycobacteria.

Calmodulin-like activity has been reported for the first time in mycobacterial species, namely Mycobacterium tuberculosis BCG and M. smegmatis ATCC 14468. The activity was mainly located in the soluble fraction of the mycobacterial cells, Radioimmunoassay revealed maximum levels of calmodulin in young growing cells (early logarithmic phase of growth). Calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase activation assay revealed low activity (22%) of partially purified calmodulin either due to insufficient amount of calmodulin to activate phosphodiesterase or due to the presence of some factors interfering with the assay. Calmodulin antagonists, viz. trifluoperazine and phenothiazine, significantly inhibited the 32Pi incorporation into mycobacterial phospholipids. Similar inhibition was observed when EGTA (which removes calcium) was added to the medium. Significant inhibition of 32Pi incorporation in the presence of calmodulin antagonists suggested the involvement of calmodulin in mycobacterial phospholipid metabolism.

Calmodulin↗