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Biomedical subjects

P Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to P Sharma.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Pure anteropositioning of inferior oblique. A selective weakening procedure.

Anteropositioning of inferior oblique is of late becoming popular but it inadvertently also entails a compulsory recession which may be undesirable at times. We have evaluated the effect of a 'pure' anteropositioning procedure (11 eyes), with Elliot & Nankin's anteropositioning (10 eyes) and Parks' recession (17 eyes). The mean change of vertical deviation in elevation in adduction (surso adduction) was 15.09 +/- 8.3 prism dioptres (p.d.) in pure anteropositioning; 23.50 +/- 5.6 p.d. in E & N's anteropositioning and 14.82 +/- 5.9 p.d. in Parks' recession, showing this procedure to be as effective as a conventional recession procedure. However, while the latter two methods produced an intorsion, 'pure' anteropositioning produced no significant change in torsion. It is a much simpler procedure to weaken the elevation without affecting the torsion.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed1994

Case report: calcification within aneurysmal bone cyst.

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) usually affects older children or young adults. The radiological appearance is of a purely osteolytic expansile metaphyseal lesion with thinned out cortex and internal septations. We present a case of ABC in a 5-year-old girl which showed internal calcification and was initially diagnosed as enchondroma. However, pathological examination revealed typical appearance of ABC with large area of dystrophic calcification.

Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal↗
PubMed1994

Swallowed sharp foreign bodies (sewing needles): a conservative approach.

A swallowed foreign body, large or small, sharp or pointed should be treated with respect. Its passage in the gastrointestinal tract should be carefully watched and monitored. The patient should be kept under regular and constant observation until such time as the foreign body has either expelled itself or is removed. We report here two cases of sharp foreign bodies ingested by children and successfully managed on conservative lines.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Pancreatic xenograft survival in diabetic rabbits.

Prolonged survival of pancreatic xenografts in the muscles of diabetic rabbits was achieved. The mean graft survival time (assessed by euglycemic status) in nonimmunosuppressed (Group A) was 10 days and in immunosuppressed (Group B) was 36 days (P < 0.05). Adequate immunosuppression helps pancreatic xenograft to normalize blood glucose level (BGL) by prolonging survival time. Our study demonstrates that xenotransplantation of islet cells in their natural environment (pancreatic tissue in four of thin slices) survive and function adequately in immunosuppressed recipients. This discordant Xenotransplantation model may be useful for future xenotransplantation studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Health status of carpet weaving children.

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the health status of children engaged in carpet weaving factories of Jaipur City. Two hundred and ninety school going boys of similar socio-economic status served as controls. A higher prevalence of signs of nutritional deficiencies was observed in carpet weaving children. Analysis of the presenting complaints and the illness suffered in the past six months also revealed a significantly higher morbidity in these children. A statistically significant difference was also observed in anthropometric measurements of the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effect of low intensity laser radiation on healing of open skin wounds in rats.

Two full thickness skin wounds were produced on either side of dorsal midline in rats to study the effect of low intensity laser radiation on wound healing. Wounds on left side were irradiated daily with Helium Neon laser at 4 Joules/sq cm for 5 min. Wounds on right side were not exposed and served as controls. The mean +/- SD of time required for complete closure in control group was 14.1 +/- 0.86 days (range 12-15 day) while irradiated test wounds took only 10.3 +/- 0.68 days (range 9-12 days) to heal (P < 0.001). Granulation tissue was significantly (P < 0.001) more in test than in control wounds. Early epithelisation with increased fibroblastic reaction, leukocytic infiltration and neo vascularisation was seen in the laser irradiated wounds. The collagen hydroxyproline concentration of scar tissue was also significantly higher (P < 0.001) in test group on 17th post-operative day. The study establishes the biostimulatory effects of low intensity laser radiation on healing of skin wounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Polymorphisms in the gene encoding angiotensin 1-converting enzyme and relationship to its post-translational product in cerebral infarction.

There is increasing evidence to suggest that the gene encoding angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a significant part in cardiac disease risk. It is not clear if this risk is due to atherosclerotic factors in general or whether its influence is local to cardiac tissue. Previous studies have suggested that there is a genetic control of plasma ACE levels in normal subjects. We sought to see if such a relationship also existed amongst computer tomography (CT) proven cerebral infarction. Twenty-eight patients with stroke and 19 control subjects were grouped according to their ACE genotype and their plasma ACE levels were assessed. Although there is a trend for plasma levels to be associated with the variant ACE alleles there was a wide overlap. However, when compared with their respective alleles in control subjects there was no difference. We conclude that any future evaluation of stroke risk from the ACE gene will need to determine both plasma ACE level and genotype.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Molecular approach to assessing the genetic risk of cerebral infarction: deletion polymorphism in the gene encoding angiotensin 1-converting enzyme.

Numerous factors have been reported to influence the pathogenesis of stroke. The risks arising from variations in genes between individuals have not been explored. The angiotensin 1-converting enzyme gene is a candidate gene for atherosclerotic related disease. In this work we studied the frequency of the deletion allele D and the polymorphism DD within the gene encoding angiotensin 1-converting enzyme in stroke patients compared with controls to determine if this deletion polymorphism was a potential independent risk factor for stroke. We report a study of 100 patients with cerebral infarction along with 73 normal age and sex matched controls. Personal medical histories associated with high risk factors for stroke were documented. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels for each individual were also measured. Using polymerase chain reaction techniques patients were divided into the three angiotensin 1-converting enzyme genotypes (Deletion D and Insertion I) II, ID and DD. The D/I frequency in patients with stroke (0.57/0.43) was compared with controls (0.48/0.52). This was not statistically different (P > 0.05, chi-squared test). Although strokes did occur at a younger age in those with the DD genotype compared with those with the insertion allele, the results did not approach acceptable levels of significance (II/ID) (P > 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). There were no differences between the three genotypes and other well accepted risk factors for stroke.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Molecular modelling of tumour-promoting and non-promoting diterpene esters and molecular co-ordinates of the potent irritant resiniferatoxin.

The lowest energy conformer of seventeen diterpenes, representing five different phorbol and daphnane diterpene nuclei, has been generated. TPA possessed the highest minimum free energy of these compounds; all other compounds possessed a lower minimum free energy. Compounds based on the resiniferonol nucleus possessed the lowest minimum free energy (9.4-16.6% of that of TPA). The molecular co-ordinates of the non-promoting but potent irritant resiniferatoxin (Rx) are also reported. These studies may be important in elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms of action of diterpene esters, including an understanding of the interactions of diterpene esters with the phorbol ester binding domain of the protein kinase C isoform family.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1993

Involvement of calcium in modulation of neutrophil function by phorbol esters that activate protein kinase C isotypes and related enzymes.

In this study, the effects of a series of phorbol esters with different spectra of biological activities and different patterns of activation of the isoenzymes of protein kinase C (PKC) have been studied in human neutrophils. The aim was to gain more information on which isoenzymes of PKC are involved in neutrophil activation, specifically inhibition of fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-stimulated bivalent cation influx and stimulation of O2-. release (either alone or potentiation of the response to fMLP). Prior addition of both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and sapintoxin A (SAPA) inhibited fMLP-stimulated Mn2+ influx. Higher concentrations of resiniferatoxin (RX) were also inhibitory, inhibition being more apparent at longer preincubation times. However, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-O-phenylacetate (DOPPA) showed only a slight inhibitory effect and required a prolonged preincubation. PMA, SAPA and RX, but not DOPPA, stimulated O2-. release by themselves. Lower concentrations of PMA, SAPA and RX, which were ineffective alone, considerably potentiated O2-. release stimulated by fMLP, whereas DOPPA had little or no effect. These results rule out a major role for PKC-delta (not activated by SAPA) and PKC-beta 1 (activated by DOPPA), but suggest the involvement of RX kinase in addition to PKC in the inhibition of fMLP-stimulated Mn2+ influx and potentiation of fMLP-stimulated O2-. release. However, when the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was elevated with the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin, DOPPA was able to stimulate O2-. release, which probably reflects the known Ca2+ requirement for activation of PKC-beta 1 by DOPPA in vitro. The effects of the other phorbols were also enhanced when [Ca2+]i was elevated; all of the phorbols synergize, to variable extents, with Ca2+ to activate PKC in vitro. Enhancement of RX-stimulated O2- release by elevation of [Ca2+]i was unexpected, since RX kinase has been reported to be inhibited by high concentrations of Ca2+ in vitro. Finally, use of fura-2 and SK&F 96365 to manipulate the fMLP-stimulated rise in [Ca2+]i showed that when fMLP was able to evoke its normal rise in [Ca2+]i (to a peak of 700-900 nM), O2-. release was potentiated by PMA, SAPA and RX. However, when fMLP was only able to evoke a small increase in [Ca2+]i (to a peak of 400 nM), potentiation by PMA was unaffected but potentiation by SAPA and RX was considerably reduced. This observation agrees with published data demonstrating that activation of PKC in vitro by SAPA is more Ca(2+)-dependent than activation by PMA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Calcium↗
PubMed1993

Serodiagnostic efficiency of phospholipid associated protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.

The phospholipid-associated protein (55-67 kDa) fraction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was purified as the DE-V protein fraction. This DE-V fraction was used for diagnosis of tuberculosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), detecting IgG antibody in sera collected from different categories of tuberculosis patients, i.e. with acid fast bacilli (AFB) culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, with AFB culture-negative, but radiologically suspected, pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and control groups of patients suffering from diseases other than tuberculosis (asthma and/or rhinitis, lepromatous leprosy) as well as from healthy volunteers. Encouraging operational ELISA validity could be achieved with 93% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 97% efficiency, 100% positive predictivity and 95% negative predictability even among the extrapulmonary and suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The above assay was insensitive but with 100% specificity among control group of patients suffering from diseases other than tuberculosis. The DE-V protein fraction was associated with phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl inositol mannosides. The dissociation of phospholipid-protein complex decreased ELISA specificity. ELISA reactivity of the DE-V fraction appeared to be thermostable; thus, it may have serodiagnostic utility in developing countries.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1993

Co-dominant and reciprocal T-helper cell activity of epitopic sequences and formation of junctional B-cell determinants in synthetic T:B chimeric immunogens.

The identification of defined T-helper (Th) cell determinants, particularly those recognized in the context of several MHC or HLA haplotypes, and their use to provide effective carrier help to short synthetic constructs representing a B-cell epitope have made it feasible to synthesize putatively potent immunogens. However, a number of crucial questions regarding immunogenicity of epitopic sequences need to be addressed before an optimally effective synthetic vaccine can be designed. The present study deals with the hybrid constructs incorporating a known B-cell epitope from the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of a human malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, and the promiscuous Th-cell epitope from tetanus toxin or from the circumsporozoite protein of P. falciparum. Here, we provide data which suggest that B- and T-cell determinants present in a hybrid construct could, in fact, provide reciprocal helper activity for antibody production; that antibodies to a Th-cell epitope may not necessarily block its helper function; and that junctional B-cell epitopes may be formed. All this may influence, in an unpredictable manner, the quality of protective immune response sought to be generated using the chimeric immunogens, with important implications for vaccine design.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Value of serum C-reactive protein concentrations in febrile children without apparent focus.

We examined the value of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in febrile children without an apparent focus of infection, (i) as a tool to differentiate bacteraemia and bacterial infection from a non-bacterial illness (NBI), and (ii) as an indicator of recovery or complications. Included in the study were 100 children up to the age of 3 years with a temperature of > or = 38.5 degrees C, without an apparent focus. The serum CRP concentration was measured on days 1, 3 and 5 of evaluation and correlated with the final diagnosis and outcome. The serum CRP was 40 mg/l and above in 95% of patients (18/19) with bacteraemia and also in seven of the eight with purulent meningitis, while it was < 40 mg/l in 84% of patients (52/62) with NBI (mean (SD) 22 (28.6) mg/l). The mean serum CRP concentration among six children with a culture-positive urinary tract infection (16.3 (8.3) mg/l) and five with otitis media (9 (5.7) mg/l) was similar to those with NBI. The sensitivity of serum CRP > or = 40 mg/l for diagnosis of bacteraemia was 95% and the positive predictive value 67%. On serial monitoring, a fall in the CRP concentration was a sensitive indicator of recovery from infection and provided the earliest clue to therapeutic response long before a fall in temperature.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1993

Comparative study of antibacterial activity of pancreatic juice in six mammalian species.

A comparative study of antibacterial activity of pancreatic juice was conducted on six mammalian species. Pancreatic juice collections were conducted as acute (rabbit, guinea pig, rat) and chronic (pig, sheep, cattle) experiments, in the former before and after stimulation [cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin] and in the latter under basal conditions alone. Antibacterial activity was tested on Micrococcus pyogenes and compared with that of neomycin. The samples were tested under normal conditions and after heating and dilution. The pancreatic juice of rat showed no activity against Micrococcus pyogenes. The antibacterial activity of rabbit and guinea pig pancreatic juice under basal conditions was similar within the group but significantly higher than that of pig, sheep and cattle which also did not differ significantly within the group. On stimulation with CCK and secretin, no significant change could be observed in the potency of antimicrobial activity of pancreatic juice in the rabbit and guinea pig. The antibacterial activity remained unchanged after heating to 65 degrees C and upon dilution to 1:10.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Study of serum amylase in acute viral hepatitis.

Serum total Amylase and its heat stable fraction (HSF) were studied in 10 healthy controls, and 20 patients of Viral hepatitis. A highly significant (p < 0.001) elevation in the levels of total and HSF of Serum amylase was found in acute viral hepatitis, mainly due to the HSF which originates from hepatitis. The levels declined significantly after 10 days when the disease regressed and there was evidence of improvement in clinical and functional status of the liver. Hence an estimation of total and HSF of Serum amylase proved to have some diagnostic and prognostic importance.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Saccadic underaction in concomitant strabismus and Hering's law: a new neurophysiologic model for binocular motor correspondence.

Hering's law of equal innervation has remained so far as an universal truth with no scientific basis. However, recent reports of Saccadic underactions in concomitant strabismus indicating asymmetric ocular motor innervation is in contradiction to the law. In an effort to understand the inequalities of binocular movements, we propose a neurophysiologic model for both normal and abnormal eye movements. The model hypothesizes that any binocular movement results from the yoking of two monocular reflex loops corresponding to the two eyes, during the plastic stage of development of ocular motor reflexes. The retinal target discrepancy triggers the reflex loop resulting in a monocular corrective movement. As there is a common binocular field, the stimuli to the two eyes are similar causing a similar binocular corrective movement. In abnormal cases coupling of asymmetric motor loops may occur resulting in alternate or unilateral saccadic underactions.

Electrooculography↗