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Biomedical subjects

P Sellier

Publications and source records attributed to P Sellier.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Protein nutrition for ruminants in European countries, in the light of animal feeding regulations linked to bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

The outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the discovery of the central role played by meat-and-bone meal (MBM) as the vehicle of infection resulted, from the late 1980s onwards, in the implementation of new regulations on the incorporation of animal proteins, and then of most fats of animal origin, into diets fed to ruminants and other farmed animals. The BSE-related feed ban, which has gradually been reinforced over time, has led to the investigation of cost-effective routes for adequately replacing MBM and tallow by new sources of dietary proteins, minerals and lipids in the formulation of manufactured concentrates. As far as the technical fulfilment of the nutritive requirements of growing and lactating ruminants is concerned, efficient alternative solutions, based principally on recourse to food materials from vegetals already exist or hopefully will soon be available in most of the situations prevailing in Europe. However, related aspects, such as animal feed-processing, availability and traceability of certain food materials, quality of animal products, environmental constraints or disposal of animal waste from the meat industry give cause for concern. The expected consequences of the BSE-related feeding regulations on the organisational and economic framework of animal and crop production sectors throughout Europe and at world level must also be evaluated.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2002

Transient decrease of water diffusion in Wernicke's encephalopathy.

We report water diffusion abnormalities in periventricular areas in a patient with Wernicke's encephalopathy. The reduction in diffusion disappeared after 2 weeks of treatment with intravenous thiamine. We suggest that the restricted mobility of cerebral water is related to inflammatory lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Cardiac rehabilitation in the Ile-de-France region. Current organization and suggestions for reorganization].

The Ile-de-France Regional Hospital Agency wished to complete the Regional Health Organisation Plan for Cardiology from 1999-2004 with a specific report on cardiac rehabilitation. A working group was set up and, after 8 meetings, its conclusions were submitted. They were adopted after presentation to the regional technical committee for cardiology. The requirements for cardiac rehabilitation were defined according to acknowledged indications in the medical literature: about 18,000 patients per year are candidates for cardiac rehabilitation in the Ile de France region. The existing equipment (1999-2000) was reviewed: 435 hospital beds allowing treatment of 5,780 patients per year; 45 day hospital places (only 20 of which were operational in 2000), in addition to a large fee for act activity allowing a total ambulatory management of a further 1,265 patients per year. The following proposals were made: more uniform distribution of hospital beds in the region; develop ambulatory rehabilitation especially on a day hospital basis; create a third possibility of rehabilitation associating home exercise rehabilitation and a program of education, prevention, reinsertion, psychotherapy within a network of extra-hospital care.

Cardiac Rehabilitation↗
PubMed2001

A randomized double-blind trial of intravenous trimetazidine as adjunctive therapy to primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Despite high patency rates, primary angioplasty for myocardial infarction does not necessarily result in optimal myocardial reperfusion and limitation of infarct size. Experimentally, trimetazidine limits infarct size, decreases platelet aggregation, and reduces leukocyte influx into the infarct zone. To assess trimetazidine as adjunctive therapy to primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial was performed. METHODS: 94 patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomized to receive trimetazidine (40 mg bolus followed by 60 mg/day intravenously for 48 h) (n=44) or placebo (n=50), starting before recanalization of the infarct vessel by primary angioplasty. Patients underwent continuous ST-segment monitoring to assess return of ST-segment deviation to baseline and presence of ST-segment exacerbation at the time of vessel recanalization. Infarct size was measured enzymatically from serial myoglobin measurements. Left ventricular angiography was performed before treatment and repeated at day 14. RESULTS: Blinded ST segment analysis showed that despite higher initial ST deviation from baseline in the trimetazidine group (355 (32) vs. 278 (29) microV, P=0.07), there was an earlier and more marked return towards baseline within the first 6 h than in the placebo group (P=0.014) (change: 245 (30) vs. 156 (31) microV respectively, P=0.044). There was a trend towards less frequent exacerbation of ST deviation at the time of recanalization in the trimetazidine group (23.3 vs. 42.2%, P=0.11). There was no difference in left ventricular wall motion at day 14, or in enzymatic infarct size. There was no side effect from treatment. Clinical outcomes were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: Trimetazidine was safe and led to earlier resolution of ST-segment elevation in patients treated by primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Prognosis and risk evaluation of postoperative coronary patients (PERISCOP). Methodology and study population characteristics].

The aim of the PERISCOP study was to evaluate the predictive value of cardiological investigations performed after recent coronary bypass surgery with regards to cardiac event and mortality at one year. The treatment of lipid abnormalities was also analysed. This first article describes the methodology and patient characteristics at inclusion. This prospective national multicenter trial included 2065 patients (86% men) with an average age of 63.1 +/- 9.9 years. The number of diseased vessels was 2.6 +/- 0.6. Preoperative left ventricular function was normal (ejection fraction 60 +/- 13%). Revascularisation was complete in 73% of cases (22% of arterial grafts). The cardiological investigations were performed at Day 20 +/- 10 after surgery. The duration of exercise on stress testing was 429 +/- 170 seconds. It was positive or doubtful in 9% of cases. Ventricular arrhythmias were observed in 6.5% of cases. The blood pressure response was abnormal in 6% of cases. Holter monitoring showed a median number of ventricular extrasystoles over 24 hours of 44. Three per cent of patients had one episode of ventricular tachycardia and 7% had ischaemic episodes. The echocardiographic index of segmental contractility was on average 1.75 (ejection fraction: 52.6%). The lipid analysis performed at one month, under lipid therapy in 34% of cases, showed a total cholesterol level at 1.91 +/- 0.10 g/l, an LDL-cholesterol of 1.27 +/- 0.08 g/l. The therapeutic target (LDL-cholesterol < 1 g/l) was attained in 46% of cases with treatment and in 18% of cases without treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Genetically caused retarded growth in animals.

Growth process of animals is regulated by a multitude of physiological pathways among which components of the somatotropic axis play a key role. A number of severe, simply inherited growth disturbances have been identified in humans, laboratory and farm animals. These disorders are controlled by defective alleles at major loci referring to hormones or hormone receptors, e.g. growth hormone receptor for the recessive sex-linked dwarfism (dw) in chickens and the recessive autosomal Laron-type dwarfism in man, and growth hormone releasing hormone receptor for the recessive "little" mutation (lit) in mice. Apart from these particular cases, growth rate is a quantitative polygenic trait which has a moderate heritability (close to 0.30) and is influenced by prenatal and postnatal maternal effects. Increase in the average coefficient of inbreeding in a population is also known to result in lower growth rate. Divergent selection experiments have shown that upward or downward selection on growth is effective, sometimes with asymmetrical responses, but patterns of changes in underlying physiological traits appear to differ among experiments.

Alleles↗
PubMed1999

Effects of the halothane genotype and slaughter weight on texture of pork.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the halothane (HAL) genotype, slaughter weight (SW), and the HAL x SW interaction on compositional and textural traits of raw and cooked pork. Pigs were bred to exhibit one of the three HAL genotypes (NN, Nn, and nn) with otherwise equivalent genomes. The nn halothane reactors are known to typically produce PSE pork, whereas NN pigs do not typically produce PSE pork. Pietrain x Large White gilts and boars, all with verified Nn genotype (by DNA test), were mated to obtain F2 littermates of the three HAL genotypes. These pigs were slaughtered at either 101 +/- 3 ("light") or 127 +/- 3 ("heavy") kg BW and were evaluated for longissimus muscle traits. The pH at .5 h after death (pH1) was 6.35, 6.13, and 5.68 in NN, Nn, and nn pigs, respectively. Sarcomere length was greater in nn than in NN and Nn pigs (1.94 vs 1.83 and 1.85 microm, respectively). Mechanical resistance was higher in nn than in NN pigs for both raw and cooked meat. Meat from nn pigs was judged by a trained panel to be less rough, more cohesive, harder, more fibrous, less granular, more elastic, and less easy to swallow than meat from NN pigs. For most traits under study, the heterozygotes were intermediate between the homozygotes but closer to NN than to nn pigs. Muscle from heavy pigs had longer sarcomeres and less moisture than muscle from light pigs. The n allele of the HAL gene unfavorably affects pork texture, and this effect is maintained throughout the range of 101 to 127 kg BW.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1999

Influence of the three RN genotypes on chemical composition, enzyme activities, and myofiber characteristics of porcine skeletal muscle.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the RN genotype on skeletal muscle characteristics in pigs sharing otherwise the same polygenic background. Animals were genotyped for RN on the basis of RTN (Rendement Technologique Napole) records using segregation analysis methods. Samples of longissimus (L) and semispinalis capitis (S) muscles were taken from 39 rn+/rn+, 38 RN-/rn+ and 37 RN-/RN- pigs slaughtered at 108 +/- 8.6 kg live weight. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate synthase (CS), and beta-hydroxy-acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HAD) were measured on both muscles to assess glycolytic, oxidative, and lipid beta-oxidation capacities, respectively. Histological examinations and chemical analyses were performed on L muscle. The energetic metabolism of the white L muscle was more oxidative in RN-/RN- than in rn+/rn+ pigs, as shown by increased CS and HAD activities (P < .001), decreased LDH activity (P < .001), larger cross-sectional area of IIA (P < .05) and IIB-red (P < .05) fibers, higher relative area of IIA fibers ( P < .05), and lower relative area of IIB-white fibers (P < .001). No significant difference was found between heterozygous and homozygous carriers of the RN- allele, except for CS activity, which was lower in RN-/rn+ than in RN-/RN- pigs. In L muscle, the RN- allele led to a large increase in glycolytic potential (+3.5 phenotypic SD between homozygotes) and lightness (+.7 SD), and a decrease in ultimate pH, dry matter, and protein contents (-1.7 to -2 phenotypic SD for these three traits), with an almost completely dominant effect. No differences were found between genotypes for intramuscular fat and hydroxyproline contents. In the red S muscle, the presence of RN- had no influence on enzyme activities. These results indicate that the RN genotype greatly influences compositional and histochemical traits and metabolic enzyme activities in a muscle type-dependent manner, with a completely or incompletely dominant effect of the RN- allele.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Phenotypic and genetic parameters for longissimus muscle fiber characteristics in relation to growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in large white pigs.

A total of 383 barrows and gilts from a French Large White experimental herd were slaughtered at 100 kg BW. Samples of longissimus muscle were taken to categorize myofibers according to their contractile (I, IIA, and IIB) and metabolic (oxidative and nonoxidative) properties. Myofiber percentages, cross-sectional areas (CSA), and relative areas were measured. Growth rate, carcass composition, muscle chemical composition, metabolic enzyme activities, and meat quality traits were also measured to estimate phenotypic and genetic correlations between these traits and myofiber characteristics. Genetic parameters were estimated using a REML procedure applied to an individual animal model. Heritabilities of fiber traits were moderate to high (h2 = .20 to .59). Highest heritabilities were found for type I fiber percentage (h2 = .46 +/- .11), type IIBw fiber percentage (h2 = .58 +/- .11), and type I fiber cross-sectional area (h2 = .59 +/- .10). For a given fiber type, the relative area was phenotypically and genetically more closely related to the percentage than to the CSA. Phenotypic correlations between fiber type composition and other traits were low. Genetically, growth rate, carcass leanness, and loin eye area were positively related to fiber CSA. Intramuscular fat content was not related to fiber type composition (r(g) = -.05 to .06), whereas it was positively related to fiber CSA (r(g) = .68). Type IIBw fiber percentage was related to pH at 30 min (r(g) = -.46), pH at 24 h (r(g) = -.62), glycolytic potential (r(g) = .31), and lightness of color (r(g) = .55) of longissimus muscle.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

[Comparison of anti-ischemic effect of bepridil and diltiazem evaluated by exercise test in patients with coronary disease. A multicenter study. Groupe d'Investigateurs].

Bepridil (Cordium) is a calcium channel blocker which has been demonstrated to be effective in the preventive treatment of angina. Few controlled trials have compared bepridil to diltiazem (Tildiem), the reference calcium channel blocker. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bepridil in stable coronary patients. 148 patients (139 M, 9 F, mean age: 58 +/- 8.6 years), with documented coronary artery disease and positive stress test after 5 days of placebo were included. After double-blind randomization, they received bepridil (300 mg/day ion 3 doses), or diltiazem (180 mg+/day in 3 doses) for 15 days. A stress test was then performed under the same conditions as on inclusion. The anti-ischaemic efficacy of the two drugs was comparable. Total work increased from 4,552.4 +/- 2,179.4 Kpm a 6,103.2 +/- 2,849.2 Kpm with bepridil (p < or = 0.0001) and from 4,524.8 +/- 2,160.5 Kpm a 5,848.3 +/- 2,800.3 Kpm (p < or = 0.0001) with diltiazem, with no intergroup difference. Duration of effort was significantly prolonged: from 10.5 +/- 3.0 min to 12.5 +/- 3.3 min with bepridil (p < or = 0.0001) and from 10.5 +/- 2.9 min to 12.1 +/- 3.4 min with diltiazem (p < or = 0.0001), with no intergroup difference. The time to onset of 1 min of ST depression increased significantly between the two stress tests, from 8.36 +/- 2.7 min to 10.82 +/- 3.4 min with bepridil (p < or = 0.001) and from 8.02 +/- 3.0 min to 10.53 +/- 3.6 min with diltiazem (p < or = 0.001), with no significant difference between the two groups. The clinical safety of the two products was comparable. On the electrocardiogram, the QT interval was significantly prolonged with bepridil, from 368.6 +/- 37.5 msec to 393.6 +/- 38.7 msec (p < or = 0.0001), reflecting cellular impregnation of the drug.

Bepridil↗
PubMed1996

Accurate mapping of the "acid meat" RN gene on genetic and physical maps of pig chromosome 15.

It has been shown that a major gene, called RN, is responsible for the RTN technological yield, a meat quality porcine trait. Experimental families informative for the segregation of RN gene were constituted from animals belonging to the Laconie composite line. We have previously mapped the RN gene to Chromosome (Chr) 15 (Milan et al. Genet. Sel. Evol. 27, 195-199, 1995). A Chr 15 map was established with 16 markers. The RN gene was found to be located between markers Sw120 and Sw936, at 2 cM from Sw936 (LOD = 38.1). In addition, by localizing Sw936 at 15q21-22 using DISC-PCR, we also located RN on the physical map.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Angina pectoris in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.

The existence of a history of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with angina pectoris is frequently associated with certain patient characteristics, including an established history of coronary artery disease (CAD), depressed left ventricular function in some patients and multivessel coronary disease. Angina is a symptom which reveals the persistence or recurrence of myocardial ischaemia. It is uncertain whether persistent myocardial ischaemia after MI is an adverse prognostic factor. In fact, the most important known prognostic factor is left ventricular function. Before choosing an anti-anginal therapy in patients with a history of MI, coronary angiography should be performed in order to investigate the possibility of left main or multivessel CAD. Angina patients with impaired left ventricular function may benefit from revascularization but the prognostic value of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in these patients remains to be assessed. Medical anti-anginal therapy for symptoms, added to routine background treatment, is indicated when the results of revascularization are unsatisfactory or if there is an absence of indication, or a contra-indication, for revascularization procedures. Particular attention should be paid to the possible additive negative inotropic or chronotropic effects of beta-blockers and certain calcium antagonists on the myocardium.

Angina Pectoris↗