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Biomedical subjects

P Schuster

Publications and source records attributed to P Schuster.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Placebo-controlled study of lisinopril in congestive heart failure: a multicentre study.

A double-blind randomised, parallel, placebo-controlled study was performed in patients with congestive heart failure, at 13 centres in 10 countries, to assess the efficacy and safety of lisinopril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. After a 2-week run-in period, 130 patients receiving digoxin and/or diuretics were randomised to 12 weeks of treatment with lisinopril 5 mg daily (87 patients) or with placebo (43 patients), with an option to increase lisinopril dosage to 10 or 20 mg. Patients treated with lisinopril improved significantly more than placebo-treated patients (p less than 0.05) for all clinical parameters except oedema and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea. Left ventricular ejection fraction rose by 8% in lisinopril patients compared to 2% in the placebo group, while the cardiothoracic ratio and echocardiographic end systolic diameter fell in the lisinopril group (p less than 0.01) but not in the placebo group. Exercise duration was greater in the lisinopril group at all timepoints, and the increase in exercise duration at 12 weeks was greater by more than 2 min in the lisinopril group as compared to the placebo group (p less than 0.01). Changes in clinical and noninvasive parameters such as the New York Heart Association status, were well correlated with changes in exercise duration. Four patients in the lisinopril group and three in the placebo group died in this study, and there were 31 adverse clinical experiences in the 87 lisinopril-treated patients compared to 13 in the 43 placebo-treated patients. We conclude that lisinopril in doses of 2.5-20 mg/day is well tolerated and effective in patients with heart failure who are receiving digitalis and diuretics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Angular synthesis in upper tibial valgus osteotomy in osteoarthritis. Apropos of a series of 544 cases].

Five hundred and forty-four valgus osteotomies for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee have been performed by two teams working separately over a period of twenty years between 1964 and 1984. From this series the results of a technique which aims to combine precision of correction with stability of fixation have been assessed. The clinical results in the short and medium term are encouraging. Above all, it seems that improvement in the osteoarthritis can be maintained for ten years or more, that is to say greater than the mean expectation of life of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A flow system for the study of shear forces upon cultured endothelial cells.

A parallel plate chamber in a flow system has been designed to study the effects of fluid shear stresses on cells. The system was applied to the study of cultured endothelial cells grown on cover slips which were accommodated in recessed wells in the base plate. Dye injection studies in the chamber indicated laminar flow over the cells. Shear rates measured over the cover slips by an electrochemical technique were found to be linear with flow rate. Laser doppler anemometry showed parabolic profiles between the plates. Endothelial cells subjected to flow showed a correlation between the time required for orientation and the magnitude of the shear stress.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

Mood-dependent learning. I. Endogenomorphic and psychoreactive depressions--influence of positive and negative feedback on expectancy shifts.

Influenced by Seligman's definition of 'learned helplessness' we studied the change of expectancy after positive and negative reinforcement before the onset and in the course of treatment of endogenomorphic and psychoreactive depressions. Before the onset of treatment patients do not exhibit any systematic change of expectancy after positive or negative reinforcement, in the course of treatment reaction to reinforcement is demonstrable, the type of treatment administered during the observation period causes differences in behavior.

Achievement↗
PubMed1986

Results of learning experiments in the course of treatment of endogenomorphic depression. A comparison of electroconvulsive and pharmacological treatment.

In this study we attempted to break down short-term effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on memory into anterograde and retrograde amnesia, and for the latter we again separated short-term store performances from those connected with the long-term store of memory. Our experiments included complicated learning tasks. Although impairment caused by ECT was demonstrable in all three test fields, complicated conditioning experiments stored in the long-term store proved to be most sensitive to the disturbing effect of ECT.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Hemodynamics during long-term combination therapy of arterial hypertension].

In 20 patients with essential arterial hypertension, grade II or III, the haemodynamic effect of a fixed combination of antihypertensive drugs (bemetizide, triamteren, bupranolol and dihydralazine) was studied by percutaneously-introduced flow-guided catheter in the pulmonary artery before, after three weeks and at the end of a six-month period of treatment; systemic arterial blood pressures were measured by the cuff method. Mean pressures, both at rest and on exercise were significantly and persistently lowered. Mean blood pressure at rest fell from 184/110 mmHg before treatment to 167/98 mmHg after three weeks, and to 158/93 mmHg after six months. The initial blood pressure on exercise was 226/129 mmHg, which fell after three weeks to 199/113 mmHg and after six months to 190/106 mmHg. At the same time, pulmonary artery pressure (as a measure of preload) fell by 23% at rest and 30% on exercise. Exercise tolerance of the patients rose by 28%. Pressure-heartrate product fell by 18%, as a pointer to an additional favourable effect on left ventricular oxygen consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Psychotherapy of depression].

A distinct separation between a pathological grief reaction and "psychosomatic" depressive syndromes is suggested, which would offer the possibility of selecting a specific psychotherapeutic method. The so-called regrief therapy (Volkan) is recommended for the treatment of the pathological grief reaction and supportive and expressive psychoanalytical methods for the "psychosomatic" depressive syndromes.

Depression↗
PubMed1985

The immunobiology of basal cell carcinoma: an in situ monoclonal antibody study.

A semi-quantitative, immunoperoxidase monoclonal antibody technique was used to study the mononuclear cells surrounding 32 basal cell carcinoma specimens from 30 patients. Tumours were analysed in subgroups based on recurrence, size and ulceration. T cell counts were high (greater than 3 out of 4) for all groups while T helper/inducer and T suppressor/cytotoxic cell counts were equal (approx. 2). Macrophage counts were low for all groups, about I X 2, while B cell and Ia positive cell counts were high (greater than 3). T/B cell and T helper/suppressor cell ratios approached one for the tumours as a whole as well as the sub-groups. The relative importance and contribution of cell mediated vs. humoral immunity in keeping basal cell carcinomas in check is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Quantification of 'regressive thinking' by use of the Rorschach test. Leading symptom of the borderline syndrome?

In this study we have attempted to objectify the diagnosis of the borderline syndrome by the use of formal Rorschach testing criteria. The randomly selected protocols of 140 subjects between the ages of 17 and 25 were subjected to cluster analysis of currently accepted scoring criteria for such phenomena as prevalence of primary process thinking and disturbance of reality testing. We were unable to demonstrate a cluster of scored responses supposedly typical for the borderline syndrome. Conversely, however, the protocols of patients clinically diagnosed as borderline did show some 'typical' Rorschach signs.

Adolescent↗