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Biomedical subjects

P Scheinmann

Publications and source records attributed to P Scheinmann.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Anatomoclinical approach in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. Apropos of 12 cases].

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is an infrequent condition whose severe and unpredictable prognosis justifies extensive etiologic investigations. We have assembled 12 cases of IPH (nine children), three adults). In seven patients, pulmonary bleeding was demonstrated upon bronchoalveolar bleeding was demonstrated upon bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) that recovered numerous hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages (Golde index: 247 +/- 53). All 12 patients underwent a surgical lung biopsy. Light microscopy studies showed hemosiderosis, often with lymphoid hyperplasia (n = 11), and occasionally with large germinal centers (n = 4), interstitial mastocytes (n = 7), ferric tattoo of the elastic network (n = 4), and a variable degree of interstitial necrosis (n = 4). Ultrastructural studies were performed in six cases and showed swelling of capillary endothelial cells (n = 5), interruptions in the endothelium (n = 3), tattoo of basement membranes (BMs) and elastic tissue (n = 3), intracapillary platelet aggregates (n = 2), and focal thickening of capillary BMs (n = 2). Four biopsies were studied using immunofluorescence (IF): no deposits of immune complexes were found. Indirect IF assays for antiglomerular and alveolar BMs was performed in two patients and was negative in both.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Nasal eosinophilia in children: its use in the nasal allergen provocation test.

This pediatric cytological and clinical study aimed at assessing the value of nasal eosinophilia during nasal provocation tests for identifying an offending allergen. The population studied comprised 50 children aged from 4 to 18 yr; 39 of these had well-characterized allergic rhinitis, which in 21 cases was combined with asthma, and the remaining 11 had nonatopic chronic rhinitis. Nasal secretions, collected by nose blowing, were stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa or Wright stain. The percentage of nasal eosinophils was obtained by examining the cells in the whole slides. Counts were carried out on secretions collected before challenge, after insufflation of saline solution (for verification), and 40 min after insufflation into each nostril of an allergen (housedust mite extract). The nasal provocation test was considered positive when insufflation of the allergen increased nasal eosinophilia by more than 10%, provided that the prechallenge proportion of eosinophils was less than 50%. No increase in specific bronchial resistance was noted. These results indicate that nasal provocation tests are safe, even in asthmatic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Clinical improvement in advanced cancer disease after treatment combining histamine and H2-antihistaminics (ranitidine or cimetidine).

In a randomized study 31 patients with advanced cancer disease in whom classical anticancer therapy had been abandoned received a daily combination of subcutaneous histamine and oral H2-antihistaminics. In 27 patients, treatment induced a marked clinical improvement as shown by a large rise in performance status (Karnofsky scale). Ten patients were still alive 3-14 months after initiation of treatment. Average survival in the 31 treated patients (172 +/- 113 days) was significantly longer than in 34 non-treated patients with similar advanced cancer (26 +/- 16 days, P less than 0.00001). In six treated patients, the size of liver and lung metastases decreased. Histamine was perfectly tolerated up to 4 mg/day.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Value of bronchoalveolar lavage in the management of severe acute pneumonia and interstitial pneumonitis in the immunocompromised child.

The diagnostic value of 73 bronchoalveolar lavages was assessed in 67 immunocompromised children (aged 3 months to 16 years) with pulmonary infiltrates. Thirty one children had primary and 19 secondary immune deficiency, 14 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and three AIDS related complex. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed during fibreoptic bronchoscopy, under local anaesthesia in all but two. One or more infective agents was found in eight of 11 patients with severe acute pneumonia and in 26 of 62 patients with interstitial pneumonitis. In interstitial pneumonitis, the most frequently encountered agents were Pneumocystis carinii (12), cytomegalovirus (8), and Aspergillus fumigatus (3). The yield was related to the severity of interstitial pneumonitis. The mean cellular count and cytological profile in lavage returns from patients with varying infective agents or underlying pathological conditions showed no significant difference, except in those children with AIDS and AIDS related complex who had appreciable lymphocytosis (mean percentage of lymphocytes 28 (SD 17]. In children with AIDS and chronic interstitial pneumonitis lymphocytosis without pneumocystis infection was observed in eight of nine bronchoalveolar lavage returns and was suggestive of pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia. Finally, bronchoalveolar lavage produced a specific diagnosis from the microbiological or cytological findings in 44 instances (60%). Transient exacerbation of tachypnoea was observed in the most severely ill children but there was no case of respiratory decompensation attributable to the bronchoscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a safe and rapid examination for the investigation of pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised children. It should be performed as a first line investigation and should reduce the use of open lung biopsy techniques.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

[Demonstration of Langerhans cells in the human bronchial epithelium].

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis of six specimens revealed for the first time a small number of Langerhans cells in non-neoplastic bronchial epithelium. These cells were usually found either interspersed perpendicularly between columnar epithelial cells or just above the basal lamina with extending cytoplasmic processes. Usually few Birbeck granules, especially located in the Golgi region, were present throughout the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on semi-thin sections with a polyclonal anti-S-100 protein. The population of S-100 positive cells represented about 1% of all the epithelial cells. Not all ultrastructurally identified Langerhans cells were shown to be positive for S-100 antigen. Our results suggest that Langerhans cells could be a constant cellular constituent for the normal bronchial epithelium. The exact function of Langerhans cells in the respiratory epithelium remains to be investigated, but they may have an immunologic function, such as antigen presentation to T lymphocytes.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1987

[Diffuse mediastinal, retroperitoneal and hepatic neurofibromatosis in 4-year-old child. Value of puncture biopsy guided by computerized tomography].

A case of neurofibromatosis in a 4 year-old girl is reported. Extensive localization to mediastinum, retroperitoneal space and liver is particularly infrequent. Histological diagnosis was obtained through a needle biopsy of the retroperitoneal space and the liver under the control of CT scan X-ray. Prognosis seems to be related to the tracheal compression.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

[Genital tuberculosis in a 14-year-old girl].

The authors report the case of a 14 year-old girl presenting with pulmonary, adrenal and genital tuberculosis. Pelvic pain was the presenting symptom. Association of familial contamination, phlyctenular Mantoux test, apex infiltrate with a calcified nodule on chest x-ray film and numerous pelvic calcifications on plain films of the abdomen led to diagnosis. The authors emphasize the importance of the supervision of Mantoux test and the necessity of treatment of any latent primary tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Decreased skin response to intradermal histamine in cancer patients.

The skin response to intradermal injections of serial dilutions of histamine was studied in 68 cancer patients and 29 noncancer, nonallergic subjects. In cancer patients with primary tumor with or without metastasis, incidence and size of wheals and flare were markedly depressed by comparison with control subjects. Pseudopods were rare, and itching was absent. Similar results were observed in patients in which excisions of the primary tumor dated from less than 5 weeks. In contrast, when excision dated from greater than 2 months, skin tests returned to almost normal values. Intermediate values were obtained in patients with metastases alone. This decrease in skin response to histamine was not due to a peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients, since results of electrophysiologic studies were not different in cancer and noncancer patients. The presence of a tumor mimics the effects of general administration of histamine H1 antagonists on the skin response to histamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Eosinophilic lung in children].

Pulmonary eosinophilia is an anatomo-clinical entity in which pulmonary parenchymatous infiltrates are associated with tissue hypereosinophilia. Blood eosinophilia which is very frequent but not absolutely constant makes the diagnosis likely. Four case reports illustrating pathophysiological mechanisms show its reality in pediatrics as well as its etiological diversity: parasitosis (filariasis), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis complicating cystic fibrosis, vasculitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) and chronic pulmonary eosinophilia, the last diagnosis being a diagnosis of exclusion. Pulmonary eosinophilia is rare in children and might not be recognized by pediatricians. Diagnosis might be urgent, in the case of dyspnea, hypoxia and/or threatening respiratory signs. The severity of some pulmonary eosinophilias emphasizes the toxicity of the eosinophil granulocyte content. Especially, the major basic protein is capable of destroying the pulmonary epithelium and of facilitating human basophil degranulation. The effect of corticosteroid therapy, spectacular in chronic pulmonary eosinophilia, may be related to their inhibitory effect on eosinophils and by stabilizing cellular membranes.

Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary↗
PubMed1985

Mucoid impaction of bronchi. A scanning electron microscopic study.

An example of mucoid impaction in the culminal bronchus in a potentially asthmatic child is related. Histological sections of the plug showed the characteristic pattern with clusters of eosinophils and other cells within the impacted mucus, which consisted of mainly sulfated glycoproteins. Scanning electron microscopy revealed new data on the three-dimensional structure of the plug. Ten to fifteen micron thick fascicles of partially rolled-up mucous fibres surrounded wide meshes filled with eosinophils and other components. As far as can be determined, this is the first reported ultrastructural description of this particular lesion.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Tissue histamine levels in male and female mast cell deficient mice (W/Wv) and in their littermates (Wv/+, W/+ and +/+).

Histamine levels have been determined in nine tissues of four kinds (W/Wv, Wv/+, W/+, +/+) of WBB6F1 male and female mice, and mast cells have been counted in the skin and the fundus of W/Wv and +/+ mice. By comparison with +/+ mice (1) the association of the two alleles Wv and W induced a drastic decrease in tissues histamine levels and in mast cell number. (2) The allele Wv alone induced a marked decrease in tissue histamine levels but less important than the two alleles W and Wv. (3) In contrast, the allele W alone induced at least in some tissues, an increase in tissue histamine levels. In W/+, Wv/+ and +/+ fertile mice, tissue histamine levels were higher in females than in males. In contrast, in W/Wv mice which are sterile, no difference between males and females was observed.

Alleles↗
PubMed1985

In vivo and in vitro anti-tumour activity of dimaprit.

Dimaprit, a histamine H2-receptor agonist, injected daily i.p. to fibrosarcoma-bearing mice, induced a decrease in tumour growth and an increase in survival. Dimaprit, added to tumour cell cultures (10(-4) M), inhibited the incorporation of 3H-thymidine while embryonic cell cultures were unaffected. This particular anti-tumour activity is probably H2-independent as histamine and impromidine have no effect on tumour cell cultures.

Animals↗