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Biomedical subjects

P Scheinmann

Publications and source records attributed to P Scheinmann.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Continuous treatment of asthma in children with theophylline retard].

Continuous sustained-release theophylline therapy was used in 61 children with severe asthma, aged 5 to 16 years. Mean treatment duration was 5 months 8 days (range: 8 days-16 months). The necessary dosage to obtain correct blood theophylline levels was 18 +/- 3.6 mg/kg/day (range: 10-31 mg/kg/day). The adaptation of the doses to blood theophylline levels and regular check-ups confirmed intrapatient variability and the dose-dependent disposition of theophylline. In 35 of the 42 children (82%) who were observed for more than 3 months, theophylline induced a decrease of the frequency of the attacks and a better attendance to school. Nine times out of 30, oral steroid administration or sustained-release cosyntropin injections could be stopped and in 15, the dosages could be decreased by at least 50%. Evaluations of pulmonary function, performed several times in 12 children, showed that theophylline induces significant bronchodilatation, mostly of the large bronchi.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Tissue histamine levels in male and female normal and nude mice.

In comparison with those in normal (+/+) mice, tissue histamine levels were lower in athymic (nu/nu) female mice and higher in athymic male mice. The sexual difference was less marked or absent in nu/nu mice. These results show (a) that endocrine factors are involved in the distribution of tissue histamine, and (b) that the thymus cannot be considered as the main source of tissue histamine in pathogen-free mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Decrease in tumour growth by injections of histamine or serotonin in fibrosarcoma-bearing mice: influence of H1 and H2 histamine receptors.

C3H and C57 BL/6 mice carrying methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas were injected i.p. daily with histamine, metiamide (anti-histamine type-2 receptor), histamine + metiamide, mepyramine (anti-histamine type-1 receptor), serotonin and methysergide (anti-serotonin). Inhibition of tumour growth and lengthened survival were observed with histamine and histamine + metiamide. The best results (both on tumour growth and survival) were obtained with serotonin. Survival was increased by metiamide and decreased by mepyramine and methysergide. In histamine-treated and in serotonin-treated mice, histological studies of the tumours showed large and numerous foci of haemorrhagic necrosis. Stimulation of histamine type-1 or serotonin receptors and inhibition of histamine type-2 receptors play a beneficial role in the host's defence against tumours.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of pulmonary function of whole lung irradiation for Wilm's tumour in children.

The effect of whole lung irradiation on lung function was investigated in 48 children treated for Wilm's tumour with pulmonary metastases. Lung function tests were performed before irradiation and were repeated annually for as long as possible, the length of follow-up varying from two to 17 years. A reduction in both lung volume and in dynamic compliance was clearly observed. In some patients these changes occurred in the early post-irradiation months, but in most the decrease observed progressed over longer periods of time. Static pressure volume curves, blood-gases, and carbon monoxide transfer were normal. These findings make it unlikely that post-irradiation pulmonary fibrosis was involved. Another explanation for the decreased lung volume and dynamic compliance might be failure of alveolar multiplication. Muscular injury is unlikely as the patients were able to produce normal transthoracic pressures. A failure of chest wall growth is also possible and would explain the progressive restrictive impairment but not the early lung function changes. It is suggested that the early effects detected in some patients were the result of lung injury and that later effects resulted from impaired chest wall growth.

Child↗
PubMed1982

[Hyperlucent pulmonary areas caused by stenosis or bronchial atresia in children].

From 1976 to 1979, 4 congenital bronchial abnormalities (1 stenosis, 3 atresias) have been observed and cured at Hospital des Enfants Malades Paris. The pulmonary distension with impaction of mucous secretion evocates the diagnosis. The bronchography shows the stenosis of the atresia. The pulmonary function testing confirms the hypoperfusion and the hypoventilation. The surgical indication is done in order to prevent complications and to suppress the compression of the lung. The results are good. The pulmonary testing function is correct long while after the operation. The authors discuss the surgical indication in function of the increasing of the lung.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1981

In vitro influence of theophylline on anti-IgE-induced release from leucocytes and whole blood in asthmatic children.

Two groups of asthmatic children were found with regard to the influence of theophylline on the anti-IgE-induced histamine release from whole blood. In th first group (21 children), histamine release was obtained both from whole blood and washed leucocytes and was inhibited by 10(-4) M theophylline. In the second group (5 children), histamine release required the presence of plasma and was not inhibited by 10(-4) M theophylline. Theophylline treatment was efficacious only in children of the first group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The influence of intraperitoneal injections of histamine on tumour growth in fibrosarcoma-bearing mice.

Twenty C57BL/6 male and 20 C3H female mice carrying a methyl cholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma received, daily, intraperitoneal injections of histamine dihydrochloride (1.8 mg or 6 mg histamine base/mouse). In all histamine-treated C57BL/6 mice, tumour growth was significantly slower than in control mice until day 18. Thereafter, the tumour growth rate of treated compared to control mice was accelerated. In 10 out of 20 C3H mice, tumour growth was significantly slower until day 25; in histamine responsive C3H mice, histological studies showed numerous and large loci of acute haemorrhagic necrosis in the tumours.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Increased tissue histamine in tumour-bearing mice and rats.

Tissue histamine levels were studied in C3H and C57BL/6 mice bearing a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma, in Wag rats bearing an aflatoxin B1-induced hepatoma, and in Commentry rats bearing a grafted hepatoma. Histamine levels were significantly higher (1.5 to 3 fold) in the tumour-bearing animals for ventral and dorsal skin, skeletal muscle and stomach fundus. Total histamine content was increased in the spleen. In C3H mice with McC3-1 fibrosarcoma, the excision of the tumour or its partial regression by intratumoral injections of corynebacterium parvum induced a reversion to normal values. The tumour thus appears responsible for the increased histamine levels in tissues distant from the tumour.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The pharmacokinetics of isoniazid in children (author's transl)].

The purpose of this study, which involved 134 children aged between 0.5 and 17 years, was to investigate the metabolism of isoniazid (INH) in children and to provide guide-lines for dosage. The distribution of slow (55,5%) and fast (44,5%) acetylators was the same in children as in adults. However, the mean of INH inactivation index were lower (0.23 and 0.48) while distribution volumes, (1.30 +/- 0.06 and 1.57 +/- 0.17 1/kg) and total plasma clearances (5.39 +/- 0.43 and 14.7 +/- 1.5 ml/Kg/min) were higher than in adults. Plasma half-lives were similar in children and adults. These results indicate that INH is more rapidly metabolized in children owing, it is suggested to a higher liver weight : body weight ratio and to a more pronounced first pass effect. The doses of INH therefore must be higher in children and strictly adapted to each individual.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Respiratory sequelae of severe measles (author's transl)].

Six healthy children, 5 boys and 1 girl aged from 13 months to 4 years had a severe measles bronchopneumonia. The end result is established chronic airflow obstruction. On a background of fairly severe respiratory failure there were paroxysms of breathlessness with fever, wheezes and cyanosis which were little affected by bronchodilators or steroids. The anatomical basis of this syndrome is before all else a bronchiolar obstruction, shown at autopsy in a child dying after four months of the illness. But also there is a disorder of the large bronchi with bronchiectasis and problems with ventilation centrally and/or peripherally. The major radiological signs are airways distension which is always clearly in keeping with emphysema and a thickening of the peri-bronchial walls which are clearly visible on tomography. Thus it appears that measles, as with other respiratory viruses, can lead to permanent sequelae in very young children. It is however possible that the respiratory sequelae may be due to associated viral infections, with adenovirus in particular. On the practical level, the occurrence of an early and severe measles pneumonia in a young child and its persistence with a hypoxia and a lowering of dynamic compliance requires a prolonged follow up and a guarded prognosis. Unfortunately the treatment of this type of chronic airflow obstruction is only symptomatic.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1980

[Bronchospasms induced by acetylcholin and free running exercise. A comparison in 50 asthmatic children (author's transl)].

Fifty asthmatic children were tested for cholinergic bronchial sensitivity and subjected to a free running exercise test; 92% of them showed hypersensitivity to acetylcholine challenge, and exercise-induced bronchospasm occurred in 80%. On pooling the results, 98% had a positive response to at least one of the tests. Qualitatively, there was a correlation between exercise-induced bronchospasm and bronchial sensitivity to acetylcholin in 38 of the 50 children. Quantitatively, however, no correlation could be found between the severity of the exercise-induced bronchospasm and the threshold dose of acetylcholin. This could be explained by the fact that the non-immunological spasmogenic mechanisms involved in the two tests are different.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1980

Histamine levels in mouse tissues of different strains: influence of sex.

The sex related difference in histamine levels of various mouse tissues was investigated in several mouse strains. In all of them the histamine levels were higher in female animals than in males. Thus experiments on histamine in mice must be carried out in animals matched for sex and strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Histamine levels in mouse tissues: influence of castration.

The influence of castration on histamine levels in mouse tissues was investigated in Swiss mice. Only in female mice castration led to a significant decrease in the histamine content of dorsal and ventral skin, skeletal muscle and kidney. This effect was found 2 weeks after castration. A long-term study is being presently undertaken.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Measurement of blood theophylline levels in the child: will this affect methods of prescription? (author's transl)].

Twelve children aged between 2 and 13 years received an oral dose of 5 mg/kg of pure theophylline, and 28 children aged between 2 and 15 years were given 10 mg/kg/day of the same drug in 3 or 4 divided doses for 3 days. In the first group blood theophylline levels were higher than 10 microgram/ml, after 1 or 3 hours, in only 3 children, two of whom were receiving erythromycin at the same time. Six hours and 12 hours later, none of the serum levels were higher than 10 microgram/ml. In the second group, estimations were performed on the 4th day. At 8 a.m., when the last dose had been given 12 hours previously, blood theophylline levels were all less than 10 microgram/ml (mean: 4.03 +/- 0,88 microgram/ml). Two hours and four hours after the usual morning dose, serum levels of greater than 10 microgram/ml were found in respectively 35 and 25% of the children only. Since the bronchodilator effect of theophylline is optimal for serum levels of greater than 10 microgram/ml, the dose currently recommended in France (10 mg/kg/day) would thus appear to be insufficient in most instances. However, increase in individual doses must be guided by serum estimations, which make it possible to avoid complications related to overdosage.

Adolescent↗