Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Schaffer

Publications and source records attributed to P Schaffer.

120 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Cancer registries: their interest and practical problems.

Cancer registries record all new cases of cancer within the population they survey. Thus they provide accurate regional measurements of cancer morbidity and mortality and their geographical distribution. This form of epidemiology allows the study of regional variations and alterations with the passage of time. It also allows the study of environmental factors that might cause cancer. The work of the French regional cancer registries is described to illustrate these points. The problems of running a cancer registry are also set out and suggestions are made for future organization. The statistics gathered by such registries indicate possible methods for the early detection and treatment of some cancers and provide evidence of the long-term effects of all kinds of therapy. The socio-economic aspects of cancer can also be measured by the registry, thus providing valuable data for use in the planning of health care in any community.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed1982

Incidence and prevention of thrombosis of the subclavian vein during total parenteral nutrition.

In this study, we were able to document by radionuclide venogram the presence of thrombosis of the subclavian vein in seven of 22 patients receiving standard total parenteral infusions. By adding 3,000 U.S.P. units of heparin to each liter of infusate, we were able to reduce the number of instances of thrombosis to two in 24 patients. Although none of the patients in the heparin therapy group experienced laboratory or clinical manifestations of anticoagulation, we suggest that further studies be done to investigate the reduced heparin concentrations to determine the lowest effective level. Based upon these observations, we currently recommend that 3,000 U.S.P. units of heparin be added to each liter of total parenteral nutrition solution infused through a subclavian venous catheter.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Involvement of eucaryotic deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases alpha and gamma in the replication of cellular and viral deoxyribonucleic acid.

In an effort to identify the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase activities responsible for mammalian viral and cellular DNA replication, the effect of DNA synthesis inhibitors on isolated DNA polymerases was compared with their effects on viral and cellular DNA replication in vitro. DNA polymerase alpha, simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication in nuclear extracts, and CV-1 cell (the host for SV40) DNA replication in isolated nuclei all responded to DNA synthesis inhibitors in a quantitatively similar manner: they were relatively insensitive to 2',3'-dideoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (d2TTP), but completely inhibited by aphidicolin, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate (araCTP), and N-ethylmaleimide. In comparison, DNA polymerases beta and gamma were inhibited by d2TTP but insensitive to aphidicolin and 20--30 times less sensitive to araCTP than DNA polymerase alpha. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA polymerase and DNA polymerase alpha were the only enzymes tested that were relatively insensitive to d2TTP; DNA polymerases beta and gamma, phage T4 and T7 DNA polymerases, and Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I were 100--250 times more sensitive. The results with d2TTP were independent of enzyme concentration, primer-template concentration, primer-template choice, and the labeled dNTP. A specific requirement for DNA polymerase alpha in the replication of SV40 DNA was demonstrated by the fact that DNA polymerase alpha was required, in addition to other cytosol proteins, to reconstitute SV40 DNA replication activity in N-ethylmaleimide-inactivated nuclear extracts containing replicating SV40 chromosomes. DNA polymerases beta and gamma did not substitute for DNA polymerase alpha. In contrast to SV40 and CV-1 DNA replication, adenovirus type 2 (Ad-2) DNA replication in isolated nuclei was inhibited by d2TTP to the same extent as gamma-polymerase. Ad-2 DNA replication was also inhibited by aphidicolin to the same extent as alpha-polymerase. Synthesis of CV-1 DNA, SV40 DNA, and HSV-1 DNA in intact CV-1 cells was inhibited by aphidicolin. Ad-2 DNA replication was also inhibited, but only at a 100-fold higher concentration. We found no effect of 2'-3'-dideoxythymidine (d2Thd) on cellular or viral DNA replication in spite of the fact that Ad-2 DNA replication in isolated nuclei was inhibited 50% by a ratio of d2TTP/dTTP of 0.02. This was due to the inability of CV-1 and Hela cells to phosphorylate d2Thd to d2TTP. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that DNA polymerase alpha is the only DNA polymerase involved in replicating SV40 DNA and CV-1 DNA and that Ad-2 DNA replication involves both DNA polymerases gamma and alpha.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1979

[Geographic distribution in some latin countries of cancers of the alimentary tract (author's transl)].

Geographic distribution in some latin countries of cancers of the alimentary tract. A comparison of alimentary tract cancer incidence rates has been undertaken from the results of 5 latin cancer registries. The most striking features are the high incidence rates for gastric cancers in the provinces of Zaragoza and Piemont, for colorectal cancers in the canton of Geneva, and in the countries of Côte-d'Or and Bas-Rhin. Tumour localization in the large bowel differs significantly between Geneva and the French counties. The canton of Geneva has the highest rate for cancer of the pancreas, French countries for cancer of the oesophagus in males. Sex ratio for primary cancer of the liver differs considerably from one region to another.

Digestive System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

[Incidence of new cases of cancer in 1975 in the Department of Bas-Rhin].

The recording of new cases of cancer in the Bas-Rhin department interest about 883 000 persons in 1975. 3 073 cancer cases have been registered. The data show an incidence of 424 per 100 000 for male population and 309 per 100 000 among female population. Among male population: lung cancer is the most frequent, it represents 17.1 per cent of male cancers with an incidence of 72.5. In second position cancer of the rectum and recto-sigmoid which represents 7.9 per cent of cancers; it has an incidence of 33.4 per cent. Then followed in this order: prostate cancer with an incidence of 32.3, colon cancer with an incidence of 30.1, cancer of the stomach, and bladder. Among female population: breast cancer is by far the most frequent, it represents 27.5 per cent of all cancers, the incidence is 88.4; next corpus uteri cancer with an incidence of 29.5; colon cancer with an incidence of 25.4, followed by cervix uteri cancer with an incidence of 22.1. The genital localizations, on the whole represent 23.2 per cent of cancers with an incidence of 75.3. It is too early to interprete the recorded disparities among the different districts, nevertheless, one can think that the low rates reported in some districts is due to an under-recording.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Experimental infection of squirrel and marmoset monkeys with attenuated Herpesvirus saimiri.

Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) was propagated in vero cells for 3 passages at 39 degrees and cloned 3 times at 34 degrees. This virus was inoculated into cotton-topped marmoset and squirrel monkeys; all inoculated monkeys became infected as HVS was reisolated after their circulating lymphocytes were cultured with vero cells and measurable levels of antiviral antibodies developed that were measured by immunofluorescence and/or neutralization tests. None of the inoculated monkeys developed any signs of overt disease and all inoculated monkeys have survived 9 to 14 months postinoculation. The attenuated virus appears to be genetically stable as virus isolated from an infected marmoset was passed 3 times in vitro and then inoculated into other marmosets, which became infected and remained clinically well. Marmosets latently infected with attenuated HVS were not protected when challenged with a large dose (770 plaque-forming units) of oncogenic HVS, although these marmosets survived about 3 times longer than did inoculated control marmosets.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cylindrical epithelioma of nasal cavities and accessory sinuses. Anatomoclinical study of 26 cases].

Report of a series of 26 cases of cylindrical epithelioma of the nasal cavities and accessory nasal sinuses. These neoplasms constitute a remarkably homogenous group the main characteristics of which are following: -- uniform histological pattern, similar to that of the epitheliomas of the colon, -- ethmoidal location in almost all cases, -- preferential occurrence in wood-workers, for instance in the Bas-Rhin. The prognosis depends on the extension of the epithelioma verified in 16 patients during the intervention. Recurrences caused death in 13 patients of this series. Ganglionic or distant metastases are rare. Six patients, i.e. 24 p. 100 had a favourable evolution of at least 3 years. Discussion about the therapeutics of the primary tumor and of its recurrences.

Adult↗