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Biomedical subjects

P Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to P Sanders.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Bromocriptine treatment of acromegaly.

The effects of oral bromocriptine in acromegaly have been studied. A dose of 5 mg six-hourly suppressed circulating growth hormone (GH) levels in nine out of 11 patients treated for seven to 11 weeks. This was associated with considerable clinical improvement in all patients, with abolition of excessive sweating, reduction in soft-tissue thichening, loosening of rings, decrease in shoe size, improvement in facial features, and loosening of dentures. Metabolic changes included improvement in glucose tolerance and reduction in hydroxyproline excretion. Unlike the actions of growth hormone release inhibiting hormone the suppression of GH was not accompanied by a reduction in insulin or glucagon secretion, though prolactin levels were suppressed. Side effects other than mild constipation were not seen when the full dose regimen was reached by slowly increasing the dose from 2-5 mg once daily. Bromocriptine holds promise as a safe and orally effective medical treatment to augment surgical or radiotherapeutic measures directed at the pituitary tumour. Its efficacy during longterm administration remains to be established.

Acromegaly↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immediate and long-term results of radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ectopy for cure of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using a focal approach.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is frequently initiated by focal activity originating in the pulmonary veins. We present the early and long-term results of a focal approach to pulmonary-vein ablation for cure of paroxysmal AF. AIMS: The aim of this study was to establish the effectiveness of focal pulmonary vein radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for cure of paroxysmal AF. METHODS: Fifty-one consecutive patients (35 male; 45+/-11.4 years) were considered for RFA on the following criteria: (i) symptomatic drug refractory AF, (ii) high-density atrial ectopy, bursts of atrial tachycardia or AF, (iii) absence of structural heart disease and (iv) provision of informed consent. Pulmonary vein mapping and RFA were by single trans-septal puncture, which was only performed in patients with adequate focal activity at the time of procedure. Focal activity was present spontaneously or was elicited by isoprenaline, burst pacing or AF induction and cardioversion. RESULTS: One patient was excluded from the analysis due to non-pulmonary vein triggers. Trans-septal mapping and RFA were not performed in 22 patients (44%) due to: (i) inadequate ectopy (17), (ii) recurrent AF (1), (iii) inability to cross septum (2) and (iv) multiple foci (2). Of 28 patients, RFA was attempted with procedural success in 23 patients (82%), with no acute complications. Mean fluoroscopy time for patients having RFA was 29+/-11.5 mins. Pulmonary vein stenosis occurred in one case. Ten patients had symptomatic recurrence and, of those, two had further RFA. At a mean follow up of 11+/-8 months, 15 patients (54% ablated, 30% of the total cohort) remained free of AF without antiarrhythmics. CONCLUSION: This series highlights the low long-term success rate of RFA to cure AF by targeting pulmonary vein initiators using a focal approach. Electrical pulmonary vein isolation may provide better long-term results.

Atrial Fibrillation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New trends in regulatory rules and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin.

Since the introduction in the 1940s of antibiotics as drugs against bacterial infections in human and then veterinary medicine, two major events have caused a shift in the antibiotherapy era: (1) the emergence of resistant bacteria and (2) the awareness of the limits of new drug development. It rapidly became urgent to set up measures in order to evaluate the importance of resistant bacteria and their origin as well as to limit the dissemination of resistant vectors (bacteria and bacterial genes). This led to the establishment of guidelines and regulatory rules necessary for risk assessment and clearly dependent upon monitoring and research organisations. At a veterinary level, the possible dissemination of multiresistant bacteria from animals to humans, through feeding, urged various national European and international institutions to give general recommendations to monitor and contain the emergence and diffusion of resistant strains. This paper gives an overview of the evolution of regulatory rules and monitoring systems dealing with multiresistant bacteria.

Animal Diseases↗
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The crucial question of standardisation when measuring drug consumption.

The reliability of drug consumption studies will depend on agreement on an international unit of measurement and the provision of accurate descriptions of patterns of use. This measurement unit should permit comparisons between countries and periods of time. Different units have been proposed and published. Consumption may be expressed in terms of pharmaceutical firm turnover, therapeutic costs, weight (total weight or dose equivalent), treatment doses such as defined daily dose and prescribed daily dose, or as number of items or packages sold. The advantages and disadvantages of the different evaluation units used in veterinary medicine are reviewed.

Animals↗
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Residues of lindane in plasma and fat of sheep after dipping.

Ten 5-6 year-old unshorn ewes were dipped in a 0.025% lindane solution. Lindane residues in fat and plasma were analysed by gas liquid chromatography with an electron capture detector. The sensitivity of the method was 0.02 microgram/g for fat and 0.005 microgram/ml for plasma. Blood samples of 5 sheep were collected up to 84 days. The highest concentration of lindane detected in plasma was 107 +/- 37 ng/ml, 48 h after treatment. The disposition of lindane in plasma was studied by linear regression. Omental fat samples were removed by biopsies at 7 or 14 day intervals for 154 days. Fat concentrations of lindane were very high, respectively 30.46 +/- 14.6 ug/g, 8.09 +/- 4.57 micrograms/g, and 1.72 +/- 0.81 micrograms/g, 7, 28 and 70 days after dipping. In plasma and fat, the coefficients of elimination calculated by linear regression were similar (0.00190 +/- 0.00053 h-1 for plasma, 0.00196 +/- 0.00031 h-1 for fat). The tolerance recommended in France (2 micrograms/g in fat) was obtained 59.7 +/- 9.7 days after this treatment.

Adipose Tissue↗
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Chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline residues in milk and tissues from cows and bullocks treated with an injectable formulation.

A commercial formulation of chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline was administered to dairy cows and bullocks by the intramuscular route. Concentrations of drugs were determined in milk and edible tissues by high-performance liquid chromatographic and microbiological methods. The data allowed the calculation of withdrawal times for milk (4 and 17 milkings for chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline, respectively) and for tissues (35 days for chloramphenicol, more than 35 days for oxytetracycline, depending on the levels at the injection sites). Hence oxytetracycline residues were the most persistent in these types of foods, according to our dosage scheme.

Animals↗
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Comparison of automated liquid chromatographic and bioassay methods for determining spiramycin concentration in bovine plasma.

The performance of a liquid chromatographic (LC) method for spiramycin measurement in bovine plasma has been compared with that of a microbiological method. Plasma samples were obtained from cattle administered spiramycin intravenously. Comparison tests used were intraclass correlation (r1), correlation (r), and Student's paired t-test. For concentrations lower than 2.5 IU/mL, microbiological values were higher than LC values. This difference in results modified pharmacokinetic interpretation and might be explained by the presence of microbiologically active metabolites.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic determination of chloramphenicol in calf tissues: studies of stability in muscle, kidney, and liver.

A liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the measurement of chloramphenicol (CAP) in muscle, liver, and kidney. The mean recovery levels were 82.6, 75.3, and 79.2% in muscle, liver, and kidney, respectively. The method was repeatable and reproducible for CAP measurement in muscle, with a detection limit of 1 microgram/kg. Investigation of CAP stability in muscle, liver, and kidney showed that CAP stability in muscle was good at -20 degrees C; for spiked liver and kidney, degradation of CAP was observed, and the use of piperonyl butoxide (PB) for metabolism inhibition was recommended for recovery and linearity studies. However, PB was unnecessary for preservation of treated animal tissues if samples were cut into cubes and cooled at -20 degrees C, just after slaughter, pending analysis. With these limitations, CAP can be measured in liver and kidney.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Homeopathy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Colic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiresidue method for confirmation of macrolide antibiotics in bovine muscle by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

A particle beam/liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric (PB/LC/MS) method capable of determining 5 macrolides in bovine muscle is described. Spiramycin, tylosin, tilmicosin, erythromycin, and josamycin residues in bovine muscle are confirmed by reversed-phase LC/MS incorporating gradient elution. Macrolides are extracted from tissue with chloroform, and the extract is purified with a diol solid-phase extraction cleanup. The 5 macrolides are identified by negative and positive chemical ionization with selective ion monitoring of 2 ions in each mode. The procedure confirms the presence of each macrolide at 50 micrograms/kg in spiked samples.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of residues of flumequine and 7-hydroxyflumequine in edible sheep tissues by liquid chromatography with fluorimetric and ultraviolet detection.

A simple, sensitive, and rapid method for simultaneous determination of residues of flumequine and its microbiologically active metabolite 7-hydroxyflumequine in 100 mg sheep edible tissues (muscle, liver, kidney, and fat) by liquid chromatography is reported. After liquid-liquid cleanup with ethyl acetate, tissue extracts were injected onto a Select B column. The 2 compounds were determined by ultraviolet and fluorimetric detection. The method was repeatable and reproducible for flumequine and 7-hydroxyflumequine in muscle, liver, kidney, and fat, with limits of detection below 2 and 3 micrograms/kg for flumequine and 7-hydroxyflumequine, respectively. Mean recoveries for flumequine were 90 +/- 7, 82 +/- 7, 89 +/- 5, and 82 +/- 6% in muscle, liver, kidney, and fat respectively. Mean recoveries for 7-hydroxyflumequine were 91 +/- 2, 90 +/- 4, 86 +/- 3, and 84 +/- 4% in muscle, liver, kidney, and fat, respectively.

Adipose Tissue↗