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Biomedical subjects

P Ryan

Publications and source records attributed to P Ryan.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Role transition from graduate to staff nurse: a qualitative analysis.

The purpose of this study was to describe the initial steps in the role transition of graduate to staff nurse. During the first 3 weeks of an orientation to a clinical unit in an acute care hospital, graduate nurses and their preceptors used feedback sheets to document the learning activities of the graduate nurse, communicate the need for and evaluation of learning experiences, and plan activities to meet the continued needs of graduate nurses. Daily feedback sheets from 27 orientees and preceptors were analyzed using content analysis. A model representing the process and components of role transition was developed. The model was based on five themes which emerged from the data: Real Nurse Work, Guidance, Transitional Processes, Institutional Context, and Interpersonal Dynamics. Analysis of results revealed that the initial transition of a graduate nurse to the role of a staff nurse was a dynamic and interactive process occurring between the graduate nurse and the preceptor. Guided learning led to progress in balancing increasingly complex care within a specific institution. Interpersonal dynamics among staff, preceptors, and graduate nurses affected the process of role transition.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for ulcerative reflux oesophagitis: a case-control study.

A case-control study was undertaken to investigate the effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and other analgesic medications and family and medical history on the risk of ulcerative reflux oesophagitis (URO). We recruited 191 cases with URO diagnosed at endoscopy, 162 hospital controls who had also undergone endoscopy and 140 community controls from the Adelaide metropolitan area. From these three groups of subjects, 134 case-community control pairs, Matched on age, sex and postcode of residence and 142 case-hospital control pairs, matched on age, sex, hospital and endoscopist, were formed. Elevated non-significant risks were found in those smoking at least 20 cigarettes per day relative to those who never smoked (relative risk = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 0.9-3.9 in case-hospital control pairs; relative risk = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 0.9-3.7 in case-community control pairs). There was no elevation in risk associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with alcohol consumption, factors related to medical and reproductive history, nor with family history except for paternal history of heartburn (relative risk = 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-5.4 in case-hospital control pairs; relative risk = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.0-4.0 in case-community control pairs). With the possible exception of smoking, no other risk factors for ulcerative reflux oesophagitis related to lifestyle are apparent.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the nursing minimum data set to describe nursing interventions for select nursing diagnoses and related factors in an acute care setting.

This study describes the prevalence of nursing interventions across six nursing diagnoses and their related factors using the framework of the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS). Six nursing diagnoses (pain, potential for injury, anxiety, decreased cardiac output, potential for infection, and knowledge deficit) were among the most prevalent in an acute care setting studied in 1991. The NMDS and a nursing information system using standardized classification systems for nursing diagnoses and interventions provided an opportunity to describe nursing practice. Multiple related factors were identified across all six nursing diagnoses; three or four were selected frequently within each diagnostic category. The related factors also influenced the selection of interventions. Implications for the development of nursing classification systems and recommendations for further research are described.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mapping nursing interventions from a hospital information system to the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC).

TOPIC: Using the Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC) as a standard to classify interventions identified in a hospital intervention system. SOURCES: Literature and the authors experience with standardized data systems for nursing. PURPOSE: To describe the processes used and the issues that arose as interventions from a hospital nursing information system were mapped to interventions in the NIC. CONCLUSIONS: The NIC provided a standard for the classification of nursing interventions from a hospital information system resulting in data that could be compared across sites. Ongoing testing of nursing intervention classifications is recommended.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study (ANBP2). Australian Comparative Outcome Trial of ACE inhibitor- and diuretic-based treatment of hypertension in the elderly. Management Committee on behalf of the High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia.

The Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study (ANBP2) is a comparative outcome trial being conducted in general practices throughout Australia of ACE inhibitor- and diuretic-based treatment in 6000 hypertensive patients aged 65-84 years. The study is using a prospective randomised open-label design with blinding of endpoint assessments. The primary objective is to determine whether there is any difference in total cardiovascular events (fatal and non-fatal) over a five year treatment period between the two treatment regimens. Eligible hypertensive patients (average sitting blood pressure at the 2nd and 3rd screening visits > 160 mm Hg systolic and/or > 90 mm Hg diastolic) may be either untreated or previously treated and should have no history of recent cardiovascular morbidity or serious intercurrent illness. Patients are randomised to one of the treatment arms with randomisation stratified for practice and for age. Following randomisation each patient's blood pressure is managed by his/her general practitioner according to guidelines relevant to each treatment arm. Over 700 patients have now been randomised with recruitment intended to be complete by the end of 1997.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The quiet epidemic.

While the incidence of mental health and substance abuse problems in our society is dramatically high, perhaps even more shocking is the low percentage of those who receive treatment. And though there has been much debate over the cost of providing mental health coverage, attention must be given to the burdens created by not providing necessary care.

California↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The benefits of a nurse-led preoperative assessment clinic.

OPAC has proved itself a valuable service, not only to patients but also in ensuring the efficient management of these patients' care throughout their contact with the hospital. It has been shown that a registered nurse is able to use this service as a means of identifying a variety of problems that can affect patient admission and use this foresight to alleviate patient concerns, plan to enable early discharge and minimise lost and disrupted theatre times. This post has since become a regular provision within the orthopaedic service, funded by the trust, and is a routine service provided to all orthopaedic patients due to undergo elective orthopaedic surgery. In addition, the clinic monitors waiting lists and removes those patients who no longer require or wish to have surgery. Quality care is provided promptly and efficiently on a one-to-one basis and patients experience minimum disruption due to the centralisation of clinic services. Nurse-led clinics appear more cost-effective as they employ a senior nurse instead of a consultant or anaesthetist and this is achieved without losing the quality of patient care. In the new, modern and dependable NHS, nurse-led clinics are the way forward.

Ambulatory Care↗
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Mental health: meeting needs with case management.

Present structures encourage a service-led provision of care. The purchaser-provider split does have the advantage of targeting those most in need and of promoting an individualised service led by client needs. For those with a long-term mental illness, however, a rigid split does not allow multiple needs to be met comprehensively, nor does it allow the work of engaging clients with appropriate services to be based on direct care. Case management is suggested as a flexible means of overcoming these problems.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of foster parents in helping young people develop emancipation skills.

The current focus on preparing youths in foster care for emancipation has largely ignored the critical role foster parents have always played in preparing youths to leave their homes and take their place as successful adults in our society. To assure that programs to enhance youths' skills and abilities to function responsibly are fully effective, they must include foster parents. In doing so, they will exponentially increase the hours of service and training available to eligible youths and develop a resource that will be available to future youths after funds are redirected. It is unrealistic, however, to expect foster parents to provide all of the help that most youths in foster care need. Foster family support and training must be seen as one dimension of an integrated approach that provides all youths with a variety of resources but is specific to the needs of each youth. With appropriate support and training, foster parents can assume professional responsibility for assuring that such plans are implemented, and that youths leaving foster care have what they need to emancipate successfully.

Activities of Daily Living↗