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Biomedical subjects

P Ryan

Publications and source records attributed to P Ryan.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

A methodology for intensive case-finding and monitoring of drug use in Mexican community.

An intensive case-finding model of drug use is presented with respect to its advantages and limitations. Two approaches were used: (a) direct, in which the questions concerning drug use were asked openly by the field-workers, and (b) indirect, where the field-workers obtained information about drug use from general conversation with interviewees. The indirect approach was found to be very useful in contacting new drug users and in assessing the psycho-social context of drug use. This research suggests that the intensive case-finding method is suitable for a community where the majority of drug users form cohesive groups, while it was found to be less effective for the study of isolated cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy with anal dilatation in the treatment of fissure in ano.

A comparison of the outcome of the treatment of fissure in ano by a lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy (LSS) and by an anal dilatation (AD) has been made retrospectively through a questionnaire sent to patients who were operated upon between three months and five years beforehand. The questionnaire was completed by 86 patients who underwent the LSS, and 74 patients who underwent the AD. The two groups were comparable in age, but there were slightly more males in the LSS group. The results appear to favour the LSS, the patients in this group recording a recurrence of pain and problems of incontinence significantly less often than those in the AD group.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Abdominal injuries in survivors of road trauma before and since seat belt legislation in Victoria.

At St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, the number of patients admitted annually with road crash injuries has remained almost constant for the past 14 years. Comparing admissions in the seven years before and during the seven years since enactment of seat belt legislation in Victoria, there has been no change in the proportion of those admitted with abdominal injuries, in the number of associated non-abdominal severe injuries, or in the death rate of those admitted with abdominal injuries. There has, however, been a significant increase in the number of patients admitted with injuries of the gastrointestinal tract and diaphragm. It is suggested that this increase is due to incorrect wearing of the lap component of seat belts with resulting acute abdominal compression.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1978

Experimental replacement of the cervical oesophagus with a free transverse colon autograft using microvascular anastomoses.

Microsurgical revascularization in the neck has improved the survival rate of free small-bowel grafts used to replace the cervical oesophagus. Colon vessels are larger than those in the jejunum, and even with naked-eye technique good results have been reported following free colon grafting of the oesophagus. The authors thought it might be possible to achieve even better results using microvascular anastomoses in the neck, and in this way replaced the cervical oesophagus in each of 15 dogs with a free transverse colon autotransplant. Four dogs died during operation and four within three days, two of the latter with graft necrosis. The next seven dogs survived eight days or more, and all their colon grafts were viable. Where patent arteries were demonstrated (three cases) the mucosa and myenteric plexuses of the graft survived. In all four dogs where the arteries were thrombosed or not demonstrated, the mucosa was absent, myenteric plexuses were absent in three, and one graft was grossly stenosed. Among these seven dogs there were three fistulae, one where graft arteries were patent and two where they were not; immediate anastomotic healing was not guaranteed by graft survival or arterial patency.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The present status of proximal gastric vagotomy.

It is now clearly established that proximal gastric vagotomy, which has been in clinical use for over seven years, had lower mortality and morbidity rates than all other forms of operation currently used in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer. Although no long-term figures are yet available, the ulcer recurrence rates is not likely to be greater than that for truncal vagotomy. The technique is not without problems, however, and has yet to gain wide acceptance in this country.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1978

five years' experience with proximal gastric (highly selective) vagotomy.

In the five-year period 1972 to 1976 the author's preferred treatment for patients with chronic duodenal or prepyloric peptic ulcer requiring surgery was proximal gastric vagotomy. In spite of this preference, only two-thirds of such patients were so treated. Most patients with bleeding and stenosis were treated by bilateral truncal vagotomy and drainage, and a few by Pólya gastrectomy. Proximal gastric vagotomy proved to be a safe elective operation without mortality and with a proven ulcer recurrence rate so far of 6%. Compared with those who had bilateral truncal vagotomy and drainage, the proximal gastric vagotomy patients complained less often of diarrhoea but more often of weight loss and reflux. Two patients have had persistent postprandial non-peptic pain, thought possibly due to upper gastric ischaemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Carcinoma of the rectum at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne.

Public patients admitted to a public hospital with carcinoma of the rectum were older and had more advanced lesions than those generally reported. Elderly patients were often unfit for any definitive treatment. Only half of all patients had curative resections and half of these lives five years; survival was related to stage. Palliative resection proved safe and worth while. Late diagnosis of rectal cancer among the aged and the poor demands improvement in our standards of community health care.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Modification by prostaglandins E1 and E2, indomethacin, and arachidonic acid of the vasoconstrictor responses of the isolated perfused rabbit and rat mesenteric arteries to adrenergic stimuli.

In isolated perfused rabbit mesenteric arteries, prostaglandin (PG) E1 and E2, 1-5NG/ML, did not alter the basal perfusion pressure, but reduced the vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation; the responses to injected norepinephrine were reduced by PGE1 and variably affected by PGE2. In contrast, in rat mesenteric arteries PGE1 and PGE2, 1-5 ng/ml, potentiated the vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation and to injected norepinephrine. In rabbit mesenteric arteries, the inhibitor of PG synthesis, indomethacin, augmented the responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and to injected norepinephrine, whereas in rat mesenteric arteries indomethacin inhibited the responses to both adrenergic stimuli. Arachidonic acid, a PG precursor, reduced the vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and to injected norepinephrine in rabbit, whereas in rat, potentiation of the responses to adrenergic stimuli occurred. Since these effects of arachidonic acid were abolished by the simultaneous infusion of indomethacin, they appear to be mediated through conversion of arachidonic acid to PG. We conclude that prostaglandins modulate adrenergic transmission in mesenteric arteries and this effect is species dependent.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Diabetes in children.

Juvenile diabetics comprise approximately five per cent of the total diabetic population. The sex incidence in children is approximately equal and it can occur at any age. However, it would seem that the peak ages for its onset in childhood are between eight and twelve years.

Adolescent↗