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Biomedical subjects

P Russo

Publications and source records attributed to P Russo.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Histopathologic and ultrastructural correlates of tumor growth suppression by high energy shock waves.

High energy shock waves (HESW) are cytotoxic to tumor cells as determined by vital staining and impaired ability of viable cells to form colonies in a clonogenic assay. In addition, direct exposure of tumor nodules to HESW results in suppression of tumor growth rate. In order to identify histopathologic and ultrastructural correlates of these observations, R3327AT-3 prostatic tumor cells were exposed to HESW in vitro and in vivo. Damage to cells in suspension was manifested by fragmentation of cells to form debris. At the ultrastructural level, mitochondria were swollen and contained distorted cristae following exposure of tumor cells to HESW. In vivo exposure of tumor nodules to HESW did not cause a distinct histopathologic or ultrastructural effect that could be qualitatively distinguished from spontaneously occurring cell death. Hemorrhage and necrosis were observed in muscle and fibroadipose tissue adjacent to tumor. The mechanism of HESW-induced cytotoxicity is not clear from our studies. Evidence of damage of normal tissues exposed in vivo and tumor cells in vitro is reflected in histomorphological changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Memory self-assessment and performance in aged diabetics and non-diabetics.

Non-insulin dependent diabetes in older adults is associated with elevated depression and a greater decline in certain aspects of cognitive functioning than is found with normal aging. This study sought to determine whether diabetics report more memory complaints in carrying out their daily activities, and if memory self-assessments are reflective of performance on laboratory tasks. Middle-aged (55-64 years) and old (65-74 years) diabetics and non-diabetic control subjects were studied. Results showed that both diabetes and increased age were associated with poorer performance on some cognitive tests as well as with more self-reported memory problems. When depression levels were statistically controlled, the diabetes variable was no longer a significant predictor of memory complaints. The usefulness of self-assessments as an adjunct to more objective cognitive test measures was discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Transaortic closure of ventricular septal defect in patients with corrected transposition with pulmonary stenosis or atresia.

In 12 patients having corrected transposition with pulmonary stenosis (n = 8) or atresia (n = 4), the associated ventricular septal defect was repaired transaortically. Ages ranged from 4 to 50 years (mean 14.3). The hemoglobin ranged from 13.2 to 22.4 g/dl (mean 16.6), the hematocrit ranged from 40.2% to 68.2% (mean 49.0%), and the arterial oxygen saturation ranged from 63% to 97% (mean 83.8%). Associated anomalies included atrial septal defect (n = 11), double-outlet right ventricle (n = 7), dextrocardia (n = 4), and mesocardia (n = 2). Ten patients received an extracardiac conduit. There were two in-hospital deaths from low cardiac output. None of the 10 survivors had complete heart block, residual ventricular septal defect, aortic incompetence, or coronary arterial injury. Transaortic closure of ventricular septal defect is preferred in corrected transposition because it minimizes complete heart block (the conduction system courses subendocardially in the pulmonary ventricle), allows secure placement of the patch (on the high-pressure side of the defect), and limits coronary arterial and anterior papillary muscle injury (the pulmonary ventriculotomy for conduit anastomosis may be made in an apical location).

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1986

Effects of bonellin on lipids.

A comparative study was conducted on the ability of bonellin, the green pigment of Bonellia viridis, and hematoporphyrin to induce photoperoxidation of lipids in solutions and in erythrocyte ghosts. The inhibiting effect of two free radical scavangers, acetyl-homocysteine-thiolactone and meclofenoxate, indicates that bonellin-induced lipid peroxidation involves free radical production. The relation between bonellin and defence mechanism of Bonellia viridis is discussed.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1986

Extrarenal rhabdoid sarcoma.

Rhabdoid sarcoma is a tumor of unknown etiology that usually occurs in the kidneys of infants and small children. We report an adolescent with a rhabdoid sarcoma of the chest wall. In addition to the patient's age and the site of the tumor, other unusual features of this case were as follows: positive staining of tumor cells with neuron-specific enolase, the presence of chronic, active, hepatitis that apparently developed coincident with the sarcoma, and the presence of widespread hemosiderosis. Two of the patient's siblings died in infancy with degenerative neurologic disease, hepatomegaly, and multiple congenital anomalies. The histochemical findings and family history lend support to previous suggestions that some rhabdoid sarcomas may be of neural crest origin and may be heritable lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Spectral analysis of dual jerk waveforms in congenital nystagmus.

Congenital nystagmus (CN) is a disorder of the ocular motility characterized by oscillatory eye movements preventing the correct fixation of a target. Many typical waveforms of eye position recordings have been recognized and classified in the literature: in jerk CN a slow phase eye movement is followed by a fast phase, giving rise to a typical saw-tooth waveform, while in pendular CN the eyes exhibit a periodic motion, giving rise to an approximately sinusoidal waveform. Dual jerk waveforms seemed to show small, rapid oscillations superimposed on a jerk-like wave-form, thus being originally classified as a mixture of jerk and pendular CN. On the contrary, a theoretical model of CN has appeared recently, which suggests a possible interpretation of the small amplitude oscillations in dual jerk waveforms as consecutive pieces of growing and decaying exponentials. By spectral analysis of dual jerk waveforms in a number of patients with CN, we show that the oscillations are truly sinusoidal in nature, thus suggesting the possibility of a different explanation of dual jerk waveforms in CN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Single fiber EMG and cardiovascular reflexes in botulism: a follow-up study.

A patient with botulism was studied at different times after intoxication using various autonomic tests of the cardiovascular reflexes, and by single fiber EMG (SFEMG). The control of heart rate and blood pressure appeared markedly impaired in the early stage of the disease as well as SFEMG. Autonomic function recovered more slowly as neuromuscular transmission. Monitoring autonomic derangement in botulism may give the opportunity to select patients at risk for cardiac or respiratory arrest.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMed1986

Superoxide generation during cardiopulmonary bypass: is there a role for vitamin E?

The cytotoxic metabolites of oxygen [superoxide (O-2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl (OH.)] have been demonstrated to be involved in the peroxidation of membrane lipids consequently altering membrane composition, morphology, and function. Of all the lines of defense adopted by living organisms against toxic oxygen free radicals, vitamin E is most effective in the prevention of membrane damage. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been shown to activate complement and cause sequestration of leukocytes which can recruit, adhere, and stimulate release of cytotoxic oxygen radicals. A prospective study of 30 patients evaluated the effects of CPB with and without an exogenous free radical scavenger (Group I, N = 20, control) and (Group II, N = 10, vitamin E) on H2O2 (a marker of oxygen free radicals) malonaldehyde (a marker of lipid peroxidation), transpulmonary leukosequestration, and plasma levels of vitamins E and C. Group I showed a progressive increase in H2O2 during CPB from 65 +/- 6 to 130 +/- 11 micron/ml (P less than 0.0001); plasma vitamin E decreased from 15 +/- 3 to 6 +/- 1 mg/liter (P less than 0.0001) while vitamin C increased from 1.6 +/- .3 to 2.3 +/- .3 mg/dl (P less than 0.0001). Group II showed no significant increase in H2O2 (from 78 +/- 8 to 93 +/- 5 microns/ml) during CPB and a significant reduction in H2O2 levels compared to Group I (P less than 0.001); plasma vitamins E and C did not change significantly in Group II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1986

High energy shock waves suppress tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.

Exposure of the Dunning R3327AT-3 rat prostatic carcinoma and SK-Mel-28 human melanoma, in vitro, to high energy shock waves resulted in a reduction in cell viability as determined by trypan blue exclusion and a decrease in the number of colonies formed in a clonogenic assay. Flow cytometric determination of DNA content in R3327AT-3 cells treated in vitro indicated a selective diminution of cells in the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. When R3327AT-3 cells exposed to high energy shock waves were subsequently injected into rats, or tumor bearing animals were treated by high energy shock waves targeted at the tumor, a delay in tumor growth was observed. These observations indicate that high energy shock waves are cytotoxic to tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Additional research into the possible use of high energy shock waves in the non-invasive destruction of animal and human tumors is warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Polyamine localization and biosynthesis in chemically fractionated rat retina.

For elucidation of polyamine localization and biosynthesis in various cell types of rat retina, the putrescine, spermidine, and spermine contents as well as the ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities have been measured in retinal cell layers obtained by the selective cytotoxic action of iodoacetate on photoreceptor cells and of monosodium glutamate on higher-order retinal neurons. A notable depletion only in spermine content was associated with loss of the visual cell layer. Total ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities per retina were significantly lower in all chemically fractionated tissue, but loss of the photoreceptor layer produced the greatest decrease. The specific activities of these enzymes did not show marked changes in rat retinas deprived of inner neurons. The data support the suggestions that polyamine synthesis, storage, and catabolism have different distributions in the retinal layers and that the spermine levels and the high value of the spermine/spermidine molar ratio might depend essentially on the proportion of rods to cones.

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase↗
PubMed1986

Use of internal mammary artery grafts for multiple coronary artery bypasses.

The internal mammary artery (IMA) is the preferred conduit for coronary artery bypass (CAB) because of its good late patency. Previously use of the IMA for CAB was limited to single anastomoses. During the last 22 months we have broadened indications for the IMA by using it for multiple distal anastomoses in 190 patients. The 166 men and 24 women ranged in age from 33 to 79 years (mean 59 years) and had an average of 2.7 diseased vessels. An average of 3.6 coronary arteries per patient were bypassed, and 65% of the distal anastomoses were made with the IMA. One hundred forty-five patients had bilateral IMA grafts and 45 patients had single IMA grafts with multiple distal anastomoses. Postoperative complications were infrequent and mortality was 0.5%. Risk of bleeding requiring reexploration was 3.4%, risk of perioperative myocardial infarction was 2.1%, and sternal complications occurred in 2.1% of patients. Eighty-seven patients consented to postoperative arteriography. All IMA grafts were open and 98.5% of distal anastomoses were patent. These good early results with the IMA support its wider use for bypass of multiple coronary arteries with a potential for improved late survival and functional results after CAB.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Oxygen free radical generation during cardiopulmonary bypass: correlation with complement activation.

To determine the relationships among complement activation, pulmonary leukosequestration, and oxygen free radical generation, we prospectively studied 15 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for myocardial revascularization. Plasma levels of C3a, C4a, and hydrogen peroxide (a marker of oxygen free radical generation) were measured before, during, and after extracorporeal circulation. The results confirm that cardiopulmonary bypass activates complement via the alternate (C3a) pathway. This first phase of complement activation was accompanied by an increase in plasma H2O2 (from 80 +/- 8 to 155 +/- 13 microM/ml; p less than .001) and by pulmonary sequestration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Protamine administration after cardiopulmonary bypass further activated complement via the classical (C4a) pathway but was not accompanied by a change in plasma hydrogen peroxide. We hypothesize that both complement activation and excess oxygen free radical generation contribute to the pathophysiology of extracorporeal circulation.

Blood Cells↗
PubMed1985

[Rapid method for evaluating intra-erythrocyte Na+ activity].

The measurements of intracellular "Na+ activity" was performed in 10 ml of heparinized venous blood. First the blood was three times washed in isotonic magnesium chloride solution (114 mmol/l). Thereby the buffy coat was removed. Then the microhematrocrit was taken for packet cell volume determination. After the erythrocytes were lysed by ultrasound. Sodium "Na+ Activity" is measured in the hemolysate by Ion-Selective electrode. With this method all "pipetting" operations are eliminated and for the "Na+ activity" determination was used ion-selective electrode with an indirect measurements, which is less influenced by the matrix. Reference intervals determined for a healthy population were 7.3 +/- 0.6 mmol/l.

Adolescent↗