Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Russell

Publications and source records attributed to P Russell.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Autoimmune oophoritis: a clinicopathologic assessment of 12 cases.

Twelve cases of histologically confirmed autoimmune oophoritis are described. Eight presented with symptoms and laboratory evidence of premature ovarian failure (POF). Four were diagnosed unexpectedly after hysterectomy for endometrial pathology or for sequelae of cystic enlargement of the ovaries. Two of eight patients tested had serum anti-ovarian autoantibodies (Aab), while five of seven had anti-adrenal Aab. Two women had, or subsequently developed, Addison's disease, and two patients had Hashimoto's disease at presentation. All women with this disease risk the development of adrenal failure and hypothyroidism. Microscopically, 11 cases showed a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate that spared primordial follicles but involved, with progressive intensity, early and late preovulatory follicles and corpora lutea. Sparse perivascular and perineural inflammatory infiltrates were also present. The twelfth case appeared to be a unique case of granulomatous oophoritis, considered autoimmune because of the folliculotropic nature of the inflammatory process. Three cases showed evidence of follicular dysplasia.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1990

Composite mucinous and granulosa-cell tumor of ovary: case report of a unique neoplasm.

A 63-year-old woman presented with signs and symptoms of an estrogen-producing ovarian tumor. At laparotomy, this tumor proved to be a multilocular right ovarian mass 20 cm in greatest diameter. The cystic spaces were lined by typical benign mucinous epithelium of the endocervical type, while the greatly thickened cyst walls contained a diffuse proliferation of granulosa cells. These two disparate components were intimately mixed at a variably complex interface to form a composite tumor. While composite tumors showing sex cord-stromal and epithelial elements are well documented, they have all, to date, been of moderately to poorly differentiated androblastomatous or Sertoli-Leydig cell type, associated with heterologous mucinous elements of intestinal differentiation. The combination of granulosa-cell tumor with mucinous elements of endocervical or müllerian type has not hitherto been reported and is of uncertain histogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1990

Human cDNAs encoding homologs of the small p34Cdc28/Cdc2-associated protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

The Cks1 protein is a component of the Cdc28 protein kinase in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This paper reports the cloning of two homologs of the S. cerevisiae CKS1 gene from human cells. These homologs, CKShs1 and CKShs2, both encode proteins of 79 amino acids that share considerable homology at the amino acid level with the products of CKS1 from S. cerevisiae and suc1+ from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Both human homologs are capable of rescuing a null mutation of the S. cerevisiae CKS1 gene when expressed from the S. cerevisiae GAL1 promoter. S. pombe suc1+ expressed from the GAL1 promoter is also capable of rescuing a S. cerevisiae cks1 null mutation. Ckshs1 or Ckshs2 protein linked to Sepharose beads can bind the Cdc28/Cdc2 protein kinase from both S. cerevisiae and human cells. The CKShs1 and CKShs2 mRNAs are expressed in different patterns through the cell cycle in HeLa cells, which may reflect specialized roles for the encoded proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Cytogenetic studies in perinatal death.

Following tissue culture cytogenetic studies were performed on tissue obtained from 136 fetuses who died in the perinatal period (98 stillbirths and 38 neonatal deaths). The gestational age of the stillbirths was evenly distributed between 20 and 40 weeks (1 was 42 weeks) while 74% of the neonatal deaths were term babies. Analyzable metaphases were obtained in 45 stillbirth specimens (46%) and 32 neonatal specimens (84%). Abnormal karyotypes were identified in 7 of the stillbirths (15.5%) and 8 of the neonatal deaths (25%) and all these were from babies with congenital anomalies identified at autopsy. Time delays were crucial to the success of culture from stillbirths, but specimens obtained from neonatal deaths could be grown successfully up to 3 days after death. Generally the placenta was more viable than other tissues, including skin, cartilage and muscle. Whereas growth was obtained in 69% of fresh unexplained stillbirths, no tissue from the macerated stillbirths grew. This is a group which may have a high abnormality rate. We recommend that if fetal assessment during pregnancy suggests a compromised fetus and there are no maternal factors to account for this, an amniocentesis be performed.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1990

Periodic biosynthesis of the human M-phase promoting factor catalytic subunit p34 during the cell cycle.

The product of the CDC2Hs gene is the protein kinase subunit of the M-phase promoting factor, which is required for entry into mitosis. The activity of this kinase is regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner by reversible phosphorylation and through association with other proteins. We report here that in HeLa cells, the abundance of the CDC2Hs mRNA and the rate of synthesis of the encoded protein, p34, vary in a cell cycle-dependent manner.

CDC2 Protein Kinase↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis of alpha-crystallin by a cell line derived from the lens of a transgenic animal.

Cultured cells derived from transgenic animals have not generally been utilized to investigate questions in cell biology; however, to study the properties of proteins from the lens of the eye, a cell line which synthesizes alpha-crystallin was established from a transgenic mouse. All the alpha-crystallins, alpha A, alpha B, and alpha Insert, accumulate in the cell line. The alpha-crystallin, 1.6% of the cellular protein, is found in large molecular weight aggregates similar to the aggregates found in the normal mouse lens. The alpha-crystallins in the lens cells correspond exactly to both the unmodified and the phosphorylated alpha-crystallins found in the lens of the mouse, suggesting that some post-translational modification of the mouse alpha-crystallin may be important to the structure of this protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma. A clinicopathologic study of 31 cases.

The rate and clinical features of patients admitted to King George V Hospital with extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma during a 9-year period were reviewed. In this time, 31 of 236 (13%) patients with an initial diagnosis of invasive serous ovarian carcinoma fulfilled the surgicopathologic criteria for this entity. All patients had disseminated tumor equivalent to ovarian Stage III and IV disease (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO]) and with predominantly high-grade neoplasms. They were managed by surgical exploration, tumor debulking where possible, and postoperative chemotherapy. A comparison with a contemporaneous series of 139 patients with primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma matched for stage and grade of disease and managed similarly showed no difference in actuarial survival. The median survival times were 11.3 months for patients with extraovarian serous papillary carcinomas and 13.5 months for patients with equivalent primary ovarian neoplasms. The features of the disease and the treatment regimens used are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Conservation of mitotic controls in fission and budding yeasts.

In fission yeast, the initiation of mitosis is regulated by a control network that integrates the opposing activities of mitotic inducers and inhibitors. To evaluate whether this control system is likely to be conserved among eukaryotes, we have investigated whether a similar mitotic control operates in the distantly related budding yeast S. cerevisiae. We have found that the protein kinase encoded by the mitotic inhibitor gene wee1+ of fission yeast, which acts to delay mitosis, is able also to delay the initiation of mitosis when expressed in S. cerevisiae. The wee1+ activity is counteracted in S. cerevisiae by the gene product of MIH1, a newly identified gene capable of encoding a protein of MW 54,000, which is a structural and functional homolog of the cdc25+ mitotic inducer of fission yeast. Expression of wee1+ in a mih1- strain prevents the initiation of mitosis. These data indicate that important features of the cdc25+-wee1+ mitotic control network identified in S. pombe are conserved in S. cerevisiae, and therefore are also likely to be generally conserved among eukaryotic organisms.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Changing character of cervical cancer in young women.

To examine the hypothesis that the pattern of cervical cancer is changing data on women presenting with the disease over 34 years were studied retrospectively. During 1953-86, 2628 women with cervical cancer were referred to a large tertiary referral hospital in Sydney; 418 were aged 35 or less. During the period of review the proportion of young women with the disease increased from under 9% in the 1950s and 1960s to about 25% in the 1970s and 1980s; a similar but less pronounced trend was apparent for the whole of New South Wales in the 1970s and 1980s. The prevalence of less common morphological types of cervical cancer increased throughout the period, particularly in the young. Pelvic lymph node metastases were identified in younger patients with stage Ib and IIa tumours more commonly in the later years of the study, suggesting that the disease was becoming more severe. Overall rates of recurrence improved over time, but an apparent increase in early recurrences was observed in young patients with Ib and IIa tumours and without nodal disease. The results suggest that the clinical and pathological behaviour of cervical cancer changed over the period of review.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Site-specific growth of the prostate xenograft line UCRU-PR-2.

A xenografted small-cell, undifferentiated prostate (SCUCP) cancer line, UCRU-Pr-2, was implanted at different sites within nude mice to examine the effect of local environmental factors on tumor growth and behavior. All tumors that grew were small-cell carcinomas. Fragments implanted within muscle and under the kidney capsule were locally invasive; however, tumors that grew subcutaneously or intraperitoneally showed no invasion. UCRU-Pr-2 did not grow in the spleen or the liver. No induced metastases were observed in the lung after intravenous injection. The sites of implantation did not allow the outgrowth of subpopulations as detected by the parameters used: light and electron microscopy, expression of tumor markers, levels of hormone production, and DNA flow cytometry. Electron microscopy, which showed both glandular and neuroendocrine differentiation within the same cell, does not support a dual-cell origin of SCUCP.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Abnormal expression of the RI subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in Y-79 retinoblastoma cells.

The cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases of Y-79 retinoblastoma cells were analyzed by DEAE Sephacel column chromatography, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunoblotting. Both type I and type II protein kinases (characteristic of fetal and mature retina respectively) were observed. In addition, free RI (type I regulatory subunit) was present in Y-79 cells; three other retinoblastoma cell lines also showed evidence of free RI in immunoblot analysis. Northern blot analysis of poly A+-enriched RNA from Y-79 cells showed a 4.5 kb RI transcript and a 6.0 kb RII transcript. The single 4.5 kb RI message is typical of normal retina, in contrast to other tissues and cell lines in which a 2.0 kb message predominates. Since RI expression appears to be post-transcriptionally inhibited in normal retina, it is suggested that free RI dimers in retinoblastoma is the result of loss of repression of translation of this transcript and that the free RI pool may contribute to the unregulated growth of these cells.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1989

Developmental expression of the RI subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in retina.

Type I and type II isoenzymes of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase were identified by anion exchange chromatography and immunoblotting in human retina at various stages of development. The type I form was typical of the early fetal stage during which proliferation and migration were the primary cellular processes. In later stages of differentiation and maturation, RI was no longer detected: the RII isoform, which appeared at the end of the proliferative phase, being the only isoform seen in mature retina, with a doubling of the specific activity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Northern blot analyses showed that an RI transcript of 4.5 kb was present not only in fetal but also in mature human retina. The RI transcript was also found in fetal and adult bovine retina and in adult monkey retina. In vitro translation of mature retinal RNA produced a protein identical in size to authentic RI which was precipitated by anti-RI antiserum. Expression of RI in retina thus appears to be regulated during development. The presence of the mRNA for the RI subunit in the adult retina suggests that the regulation might be post-transcriptional.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Sequential cytogenetic studies in an ovarian cancer cell line.

Cytogenetic analysis of a human ovarian carcinoma cell line JoN was performed at passages 6, 43, and 89. At passage 6 there were pseudodiploid and pseudotetraploid cells containing up to 22 markers. Pseudodiploid cells predominated. Significant differences were seen in the later analyses. At passages 43 and 89, cells had a modal number of 44 and 88 chromosomes with four new reciprocal translocations and loss of all unidentified markers. There was retention of one identified marker throughout plus one that gradually disappeared. Karyotypes at passages 43 and 89 were identical, suggesting stability of rearrangements. These changes indicate continuing chromosomal rearrangements in culture, not necessarily creating more complexity.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of the proteins of calf and cow trabecular meshwork: development of a model system to study aging effects and glaucoma.

The proteins from the trabecular meshwork (TM) of calf and cow eyes were analysed to determine if differences in composition were present and to examine whether this tissue could be used as a framework for the study of glaucoma. Differences in polypeptide composition or amount of protein could be detected with extractions using either acetic acid, neutral buffers and urea, or guanidine hydrochloride. In general, the results suggest that an aggregation of proteins may be occurring with aging. The acid-soluble fraction of both calf and cow TM resembled older human TM specimens with the most prominent protein around 68 kD. To test the utility of the bovine TM system, a mixed function oxidation system was used to determine how the proteins of the TM would react to oxidative stress. Aggregation of the proteins in calf TM as well as actin could be demonstrated, consistent with the idea that the aggregation seen in the cow TM might be the result of oxidation of this tissue. The present study lays a foundation for future work on bovine TM and is consistent with the hypothesis that aging changes in this tissue might be a result of oxidative processes.

Actins↗