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Biomedical subjects

P Rubini

Publications and source records attributed to P Rubini.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Experimental administration of 19-nortestosterone and dexamethasone in cattle: elimination of the two drugs in different biological matrices.

19-Nortestosterone (19-NT) is one of the mostly recurrent anabolic agents on the black market of illicit drugs. Dexamethasone (DEXA) is licensed for therapy in veterinary practice but its misuse, although often suspected, has seldom been demonstrated. The excretion of 19-NT and DEXA is well documented when the compounds are administered independently but poor information is available in literature for instances when both drugs are administered as a mixture. To evaluate a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for anabolic residues in urine, blood and faeces, the effect of the simultaneous administration and the subsequent elimination of the two drugs, two animals were injected (4 times) with 19-NT and another two (4 times) with 19-NT-DEXA. After preparation and a sequential clean-up on C18 and alumina columns, the samples were analysed by means of a specific 19-NT radioimmunoassay kit and an anti-DEXA antibody. Detection limits for both drugs were 0.5 ppb in blood samples and 2.0 ppb in urine and faecal samples. After the final treatment, positive 19-NT results were recorded at 14 and 21 d in urine and faecal samples, respectively. In the same matrices, positive DEXA values were found at 11 and 28 d, respectively. In the same matrices, positive DEXA values were found at 11 and 28 d, respectively. Urinary excretion was the main metabolic path both for 19-NT and DEXA; only 30% of the residues were excreted via the faeces. The simultaneous injection of DEXA and 19-NT increased the urinary excretion of 19-NT; however, the excretion of 19-NT via faecal matter was similar for both groups.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1993

[Intraoperative blood autotransfusion in general surgery].

The use of intraoperative autotransfusion is progressively increasing both in emergency and in elective surgery. Intraoperative autotransfusion reduces the risk of infection and alloimmunization and allows a considerable saving of homologous blood. The authors describe their experience in the field of intraoperative autotransfusion by means of Dideco Autotrans BT 597. This equipment was employed in 172 patients submitted to general and vascular surgery. It is stressed the safety of this device particularly in trauma and vascular surgery where the quick availability of blood is essential.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗
PubMed1991

[Aneurysms of the popliteal vein. Description of 2 cases].

Primitive vein popliteal aneurysms are an extremely rare pathology whose treatment is still matter of controversy. Its rare incidence, the diagnostic and clinical problems ensuing to the possible pulmonary embolism, explain the interest developed by these lesions. The authors report two cases of popliteal vein aneurysm observed in their Institute and diagnosed because seat of vein thrombosis and source of pulmonary embolism.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1990

[Defibrotide and heparin in the prevention of deep venous thromboses. A controlled study].

Forty-one surgical patients at risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were treated with defibrotide (400 mg/b.i.d./i.v.) or with heparin (5000 UI/t.i.d./s.c.). Neither DVT nor pulmonary embolism was evidenced. In the heparin group the healing rate was longer and during the first three days bleeding from the surgical wound was more pronounced. In particular one patient of the heparin group had to interrupt the treatment for haemorrhage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Opiate receptor binding studies in the mouse vas deferens exhibiting tolerance without dependence.

The apparent lack of dependence in highly opiate-tolerant isolated mouse vas deferens may conflict with unitary theories postulating a common biochemical mechanism for both phenomena. Therefore, attention focused on binding sites of the opiate receptors which in this tissue are located presynaptically. Binding studies conducted with homogenate of highly tolerant vasa deferentia revealed no significant different results as compared to naive tissues. Further studies examined the effect of guanine nucleotide on opiate receptor interaction. Apparently, mu-, delta- and kappa-opiate receptors in the mouse vas deferens proved resistant to the regulatory action of guanine nucleotide in naive and tolerant tissues. From these experiments, it is concluded that the binding characteristics of opiate receptors in the mouse vas deferens do not change with chronic activation. In addition, the lack of an effect of guanine nucleotide on opiate binding leads to the suggestion that binding sites are not coupled to adenylate cyclase in this tissue. Taken together, these findings draw the attention to the coupling mechanism of opiate receptors in the mouse vas deferens which may play a key role in the adaptational mechanisms following chronic opiate exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Functional opiate receptors in the guinea-pig ileum: their differentiation by means of selective tolerance development.

A differentiation of multiple opiate receptors in the electrically stimulated longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparation of the guinea-pig ileum is described employing the technique of tolerance development of selective opiate receptors. Apparently, mu- and kappa-opiate receptors are clearly differentiated in this tissue, since highly tolerant mu-receptors (80-fold) coexist with kappa-receptors of almost normal sensitivity and vice versa. Attempts to demonstrate delta-receptors failed, as there was complete cross-tolerance between mu- and delta-agonists. It is proposed that delta-agonists bring about their action via mu-receptors in this preparation. Although mu- and kappa-receptors have been demonstrated, neither of them appear to represent a uniform population.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laparoscopic fundoplication in gastroesophageal reflux disease: reflexions on a personal caseload].

Ninety-two patients with severe, proton-pump-inhibitor-dependent gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were submitted to surgery and operated on by the same surgeon (SC) over the past 7 years (mean age: 42; range: 23-74 years). Partial fundoplication was performed in 14 patients with impaired oesophageal motility, while 78 total fundoplications were done in the others, 51 without, and 27 with division of the short gastric vessels. The mean follow-up was 29.5 months (range: 1-85 months). Conversion to open surgery was necessary in 6 patients (all in the first 40 cases). Perforation of the gastric fundus and early migration of the stomach into the mediastinum were the two most important complications observed. The mortality was nil. 39% of the patients complained of postoperative dysphagia but only five required endoscopic (4) or surgical (1) treatment. The percentages of dysphagia after partial fundoplication and total fundoplication with or without division of the short gastric vessels were 28%, 37% and 47%, respectively. In 83.7% the patients were satisfied with the clinical results and in 84% of cases medical treatment was avoided after surgery. On the basis of these data, laparoscopic surgery appears to be a good option for gastro-oeophageal reflux disease in selected patients with a poor response to, or dependent on medical treatment. However, the results of surgery may be subject to the limitations of a learning curve, as in all complex laparoscopic procedures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vascular homografts: clinical results].

The authors review the results of clinical experiences regarding arterial and venous homografts. For the treatment of mycotic aneurysms and infected prostheses, in situ repair with vascular homografts represents a valuable alternative to conventional surgical treatments. In fact the large caliber arterial homografts allow safe in situ reconstruction, decrease early and midterm mortality and reinfection rates; the best results are achieved in case of infected grafts, whereas the prognosis of vasculo-enteric fistula remains very poor. The small caliber arterial homografts also have demonstrated satisfactory results in term of patency, although further experiences with longer follow-up are required. Vein homograft constitutes an alternative by-pass conduit for limb revascularisation in patients who lack adequate autogenous vein: although limb salvage rate is satisfactory, long term patency rate is poor when compared with autogenous veins. Improvement of preservation methodics, pharmacological control of rejection and tissue engineering represent the future perspectives in this field.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidentaloma of the adrenal glands: analysis of 9 surgical cases].

In the assessment of incidentally discovered adrenal masses the detection of hormonal activity and the evaluation of benignity or malignity, either primary or metastatic, constitute the most important issues. This article reports 9 asymptomatic adrenal masses: The histopathological diagnosis consisted of cortical adenoma in 5 cases, adrenal metastatic mass in 2, respectively from a pulmonary microcytoma and from a renal carcinoma, a myelolipoma with leukemic infiltration and an hemorrhagic pseudocyst in the remnants. Evaluation of biochemical activity showed no endocrinological abnormality in all patients except in two cases of adenoma: the positivity of the 1 mg dexamethasone test, the low serum DHEAS levels and a concordant scintigraphic uptake were consistent with the pre-Cushing syndrome in the first case, whereas the ACTH inhibition revealed by low serum DHEAS levels without other hormonal alterations were the biochemical pattern in the second. Ultrasonography has been helpful in the diagnosis of adrenal mass in 6 cases, whereas CT scan allowed an etiopathogenetic diagnosis in 8 cases. All patients were submitted to adrenalectomy through the conventional surgical accesses; in 4 cases the adrenalectomy was performed as a associated intervention during vascular or gastrointestinal surgery. No postoperative death occurred. At follow-up ranging from 3 to 6 years, we recorded 4 deaths: the causes were represented by the progression of the primary malignancy in 2 patients that have been operated on for adrenal metastatic tumors, by hemorrhagic shock from an aorto-duodenal fistula and by systemic infectious complications respectively in the remnant two cases. The other patients were well and the endocrinological assessment showed normal findings. The Authors, according with data from literature, suggest an essential biochemical screening to evaluate the adrenal function in case of incidentally discovered mass: it is characterized by determination of plasma and urinary electrolytes, catecholamines, serum DHEAS and 17-OH progesterone levels, dexamethasone suppression test. In case of asymptomatic mass suspect for pheochromocytoma we advocate the MIBG scintigraphy.. The adrenocortical scintigraphy (NP 59) provides both anatomical and functional characterization of the adrenal glands: the concordant or discordant imaging patterns are useful in the diagnosis of benignity or malignancy. Although the management of patients with incidentally discovered masses remain controversial, we advocate adrenalectomy when they are hormonally hypersecreting, increasing in the diameter or malignant and in association with other abdominal operation.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗