p24 antigen and HIV screening.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
Biomedical subjects
P Rouger
Publications and source records attributed to P Rouger.
Spanish Rhnull family caused by a silent Rh gene: hematological, serological, and biochemical studies.
Another example of rare red cells that failed to react with all anti-Rh and anti-LW antibodies was discovered in a Spanish woman suffering from a severe hemolytic anemia typical of the Rhnull syndrome. Family study and Rh blood typings demonstrated clearly that the proposita was homozygous for a silent Rh gene complex (Rhnull of the amorph type) that she inherited from her parents who are first cousins. Western blot analysis carried out with glycosylation-independent antibodies directed against the Rh polypeptide and the LW glycoprotein, respectively, confirmed that these protein components were absent from the red cells of the proposita. In addition, the patient was typed U-positive, again in agreement with the presence on her red cells of 45-75 kDa glycoproteins detected with the murine monoclonal antibody 2D10.
Adult↗
[Target epitopes of monoclonal antibodies against ABH structures].
Comparing the reactivities of murine and human monoclonal antibodies directed against the antigens of A, B, and H blood groups by using different techniques (agglutination, inhibition by synthetic oligosaccharides and salivary antigens, tissue immunofluorescence, the use of an anti-idiotype antibody) enabled us to show a high heterogeneity of anti-A, anti-AB antibodies and, to some extend, anti-B and anti-H antibodies. Despite this diversity, the determination of the antibody specificity thanks to synthetic antigens made it possible to distinguish several groups of anti-A, B, AB, and H antibodies and to establish a classification that takes also their reactivity towards salivary and tissue antigens into account. On the contrary, few correlations were found between these tests and the ability of antibodies to agglutinate red blood cells of the different ABO-system variants.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
[Method for studying anti-complement reagents: use of freeze-thawed sensitized erythrocytes].
The use of red blood cells coated with complement fractions using low ionic strength saline conditions is part of the evaluation of anti-complement antibodies, specially monoclonal antibodies used for antiglobulin reagents. This work shows that such cells stored in liquid nitrogen allow satisfactory long-term studies except for the anti-C3g antibodies.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
[DNA polymorphism in a Brazilian population: relationship to allele frequencies in France].
The allele frequency distribution of two highly polymorphic DNA sequences was determined in a population from the metropolitan area of Fortaleza (Northeast Brazil). DNAs from 234 individuals were digested with Pvull and successively hybridized to each probe: alpha-Globin 3'HVR and Mucin HVR. The resulting allele frequencies were compared to those observed in a French population. There is no statistically significant difference between these populations in the 3'HVR system. On the contrary, the distribution is statistically different in the Mucin HVR/Pvull system.
Alleles↗
Passive immunotherapy in AIDS: a randomized trial of serial human immunodeficiency virus-positive transfusions of plasma rich in p24 antibodies versus transfusions of seronegative plasma.
To assess the place of passive immunotherapy in the treatment of AIDS, a randomized study was conducted that evaluated the safety and short-term efficacy of serial transfusions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive plasma in 18 patients. Heat-inactivated anti-HIV antibody-rich plasma was compared with seronegative fresh-frozen seronegative plasma given in addition to zidovudine and other conventional prophylactic treatments. Seven transfusions every 2 weeks of immune plasma significantly reduced (2 vs. 8, P = .016) the number of opportunistic infections. Antigenemia became undetectable. When transfusions were stopped, positive p24 antigenemia returned at a level higher than before treatment and was correlated with a severe clinical deterioration, suggesting a rebound effect. This trial suggests that passive immunotherapy is promising in AIDS treatment. It confirms also that plasma donation does not affect donors' CD4 cell count over a 1-year period. In patients with severe immunodeficiency, special attention should be paid to withdrawal of an effective therapy as virologic relapse may be explosive and poorly tolerated.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I and II DNA amplification in HTLV-I/II-seropositive blood donors of the French West Indies.
To confirm the presence of DNA from human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), HTLV-II, or both in individuals found HTLV-I/II-positive through systematic screening of blood donations in Guadeloupe (French West Indies), 42 blood donors repeatedly positive for HTLV-I/II by ELISA were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three primer pairs (env, pol, tax) targeted on conserved regions of HTLV-I or -II sequences (or both) and six probes (two generic, two HTLV-I-specific, two HTLV-II-specific) were used in a multiplex PCR. HTLV-I sequences were detected in 31 individuals (74%). All 31 subjects positive by Western blot (WB) harbored HTLV-I sequences. Fifteen individuals (48%) were positive with the three primer pairs used, 10 (32%) with two, and 6 (20%) with one. Subjects indeterminate or negative by WB were all negative by PCR. No HTLV-II sequences were detected with specific probes. The results indicate the absence of HTLV-I and -II infection in individuals with indeterminate WB, the presence of HTLV-I DNA in individuals positive for WB in the French West Indies, and the absence of HTLV-II infection in the cohort.
Adult↗
Expression of CD11b (Leu15) antigen on CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ peripheral lymphocytes. Estimation of CD3+8+11b+ and CD3+4-8-11b+ T-cell subsets using a single laser flow cytometer.
CD11b (Leu15) epitope is expressed on 20-30% of peripheral blood lymphocytes, including CD16+ large granular lymphocytes and CD8+ cells. This study confirms that 30% of CD8+ lymphocytes and virtually all CD16+ NK cells from healthy subjects express this determinant. In parallel, our data show that various proportions of CD3+4-8-, TCR-delta cytotoxic T lymphocytes and occasionally CD4+ lymphocytes subsets could also express this epitope. The CD8+11b+ phenotype is associated with suppression of T-cell proliferative response and has been extensively used to characterize suppressor T lymphocytes. Since about 25% of CD8 lymphocytes are non-T (CD3-) and express the CD16 NK antigen (CD8+16+3-), the expression of CD11b was also studied on CD8+3+ T-cell and CD8+16+ NK-cell subsets. To this end, we developed three methods using a flow cytometer equipped with a single laser and two fluorescence detectors. Results showed that T CD8+3+11b+ and NK CD8+16+11b+ lymphocytes account for 30% and 70% of CD8+11b+ cells respectively. Consequently, the CD8+3+11b+ phenotype would be more specific for suppressor T lymphocytes than the total CD8+11b+ phenotype which includes high proportions of CD16+ NK cells.
Antigens, Differentiation↗
Quantification of HTLV-1 proviral copy number in peripheral blood of symptomless carriers from the French West Indies.
The development of human T-cell leukemia type 1 (HTLV-1) diseases are related to an increase in the proviral copy number (VCN) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Twenty symptomless anti-HTLV-1-positive blood donors, as well as four symptomatic individuals, all from the French West Indies, were studied. The VCN in PBMCs was determined by quantitative PCR. The VCN values for asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (range of less than 100 to approximately 9,500/micrograms of DNA) was nearly always less than the values for symptomatic carriers (range of approximately 5,500 to approximately 29,000/micrograms of DNA). Consequently, the proportion of HTLV-1-infected PBMCs in symptomless and in symptomatic individuals ranged from less than 1/1,500 to approximately 1/16 and approximately 1/27 to approximately 1/5, respectively. No correlation could be found between VCN and age or sex, suggesting the importance of factors other than age and sex as influences on the VCN number.
Adult↗
Cholestasis induces major histocompatibility complex class I expression in hepatocytes.
The hepatic expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens is normally limited. However, aberrant expression occurs in cholestatic diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of cholestasis itself on hepatocyte MHC expression and to determine if immunosuppressive drugs might modulate this expression. Liver fragments taken from six patients with extrahepatic cholestasis and eight control patients were analyzed for MHC expression by direct immunofluorescence. MHC class I expression by hepatocytes was present in six of six cholestatic patients and zero of eight control subjects. Hepatocytes did not express MHC class II in either group. In further studies, cholestasis was induced in rats by ligation-section of the bile duct. Five groups of rats were studied: control, 3-day cholestasis, 5-day cholestasis, 5-day cholestasis plus cyclosporine, and 5-day cholestasis plus corticosteroids. Hepatocyte MHC class I expression was detected by immunofluorescence in bile duct-ligated rats but not in control animals. Flow-cytofluorimetric analysis of isolated hepatocytes showed that the percentage of hepatocytes expressing MHC class I increased from day 0 (9.9%) to days 3 (50.2%) and 5 (82.9%); this hyperexpression was not modified by cyclosporine (79.7%) or corticosteroids (77.9%). The percentage of hepatocytes spontaneously expressing MHC class II was low (0.05%) and was not significantly modified by cholestasis or immunosuppressive drugs. Thus, a nonimmunological factor such as cholestasis is able to modulate MHC expression. The liver may become more vulnerable to immune destruction in the presence of cholestasis, and immunosuppressive treatment has no effect on this phenomenon.
Aged↗
No evidence of HIV-1 infection in seronegative hemophiliacs and in seronegative partners of seropositive hemophiliacs through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and anti-NEF serology.
We prospectively studied a well-characterized cohort including 60 seronegative hemophiliacs or von Willebrand's disease patients, 6 seronegative female sexual partners of seropositive hemophiliacs, 59 seropositive hemophiliacs or von Willebrand's disease patients and 2 seropositive partners of seropositive hemophiliacs (used as positive controls), and 117 seronegative low risk individuals (used as negative controls). PCR assay, performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using three primer pairs in the gag, pol, LTR regions, showed no positive results in the 60 seronegative patients, in the 6 seronegative partners of seropositive patients and in the 117 seronegative low risk individuals, while PCR was positive with at least one primer pair in 53 (87%) of 61 seropositive patients. Anti-nef serology (Western-blot) was negative in seronegative patients, in seronegative partners of seropositive patients and positive in 58% out of the seropositive individuals. These results strongly suggest an absence of HIV-1 infection in individuals with a lastingly negative HIV serology.
Base Sequence↗
Intrathecal synthesis of IgG subclasses in multiple sclerosis and in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 50 neurological patients (24 multiple sclerosis (MS), ten acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 16 other neurological diseases (OND)) and ten controls were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG subclass quantification and for the calculation of intrathecal synthesis (ITS). Total IgG was determined by two methods: electroimmunodiffusion (EID) and ELISA. A highly significant correlation was established between both methods. The existence of ITS was proved by the IgG/albumin ratio, the IgG index, Tourtellotte's formula, and Schuller's formula. In AIDS patients all IgG subclasses showed an increase in the CSF, whereas in sera only the IgG1 was significantly increased. CSF of MS patients showed a predominant increase of IgG1 whereas no significant modification of IgG subclasses was observed in sera. In most of the AIDS patients there was an ITS of IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4, but rarely (3/10) IgG2. In contrast, a polyclonal ITS of IgG was exceptional (1/24) in MS patients. No significant correlation could be established between clinical data and IgG subclass ITS in MS. The variations of each IgG subclass in serum and in ITS were not significantly correlated. Measurement of each IgG subclass and calculation of ITS seems essential in order to analyze any subclass antibody repertory inside the central nervous system.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[DNA polymorphism: comparison of allelic frequencies obtained with two HVR probes in a population from Northeastern Brazil and in two other ethnic groups].
DNAS from 325 individuals representing 2 different populations (234 Brazilians and 91 Asiatics) were analysed for Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs). These DNAs were digested with Pvu II enzyme and successively hybridized to two HVR probes: alpha globin-3'HVR and Mucin-HVR. An allele frequency distribution was determined for each couple probe/enzyme and each ethnic groupe studied. The results were compared with frequencies observed in french population and we showed that there is no statistic significant difference between allele frequencies obtained with the couple probe/enzyme 3'HVR/Pvu II in Brazilian and French populations. We also showed that both populations studied (Brazilian and Asiatic) do not follow a Hardy-Weinberg balance.
Adolescent↗
[Restriction fragment study (RFLP) of DNA polymorphism in criminology: quantitative and qualitative analyses beginning with dried blood and semen on various supports].
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) purified from various forensic samples was characterized by RFLP (Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism). DNA isolated from dried bloodstains and dried semen stains was digested with restriction endonucleases (HinfI, PvuII, TaqI) and fractionated by electrophoresis on 0.7% agarose gels. After transfer to a filter, DNA was hybridized with different radioactively labeled recombinant probes: with HinfI, G3, MS1, MS8, MS31, MS43, cloned from 33.6 and 33.15 Jeffreys probes, with PvuII 3'HVR, with TaqI MR24/1. This probes recognize polymorphic DNA regions, so variation between individuals at fundamental level of their DNA can be used to discriminate them. Therefore, pattern of RFLP detected by this test was used to determine the probable identity of different samples. DNA was isolated and detected by Southern blot from since 50 microliters dried bloodstains (HinfI, G3, MS1, MS31), from various specimen bloodstains and from dried semen stains. Highly variable minisatellites cloned from Jeffreys probes took more satisfaction for sensitivity than others. However, DNA polymorphism analysis can be used with caution because method limits can be perturbed interpretation of results.
Base Sequence↗
[Technical methods for the ultimate verification at the patient's bedside].
In 1987-1988 the National Reference Center for Blood Groups checked samples of reagents and cards utilized in ultimate pretransfusion tests at the patient's bedside as described in the circular published on the 17th of May (1985) by the "Direction Générale de la Santé". This inquiry shaved some deficiencies concerning the storage conditions, the patency of the reagents and the absence of anti-A + B reagent. Taking these results into account, some modifications are considered in order to improve the realization of these tests which are regarded in France as the last major step for the security of the red blood cells transfusion.
Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
[The role of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of infection by HTLV-I/II virus].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
DNA, Viral↗
Frequency and prognostic importance of thrombocytopenia in symptom-free HIV-infected individuals: a 5-year prospective study.
The exact frequency of HIV-associated thrombocytopenia (TCP), defined as platelet count less than 150 x 10(9)/1, was studied in 435 symptom-free HIV-seropositive individuals. At the baseline control, 23 (5.5%) had TCP. TCP individuals had a significantly lower mean CD4 lymphocyte count than the non-TCP individuals. During a mean follow-up of 30 months, 79 out of the 435 individuals (18%) had TCP at least once. During the study period, only 1% of our patients had a platelet count less than 50 x 10(9)/l. TCP was more frequent in intravenous drug users than in other risk groups. A spontaneous normalization of platelet count was observed in more than 50% of TCP individuals.
Adult↗
Dichotomy of two CD8+ lymphocyte subsets in HIV infection. Depletion of CD8+ CD3- and expansion of CD8+ CD3+ subsets: consequence on the CD4/CD8 ratio.
In order to highlight the underlying mechanism(s) of the CD8 lymphocyte expansion in the HIV infection, two distinct CD8 subsets were analysed: T CD8bright+ CD3+ with MHC-restricted activity, and non-T CD8dim+ CD3-, which performs natural killer (NK) activity. It consists of a cross-sectional study including 168 HIV-infected patients (74 CDC stage II, 48 CDC stage III and 46 CDC stage IV) compared among them and to 60 healthy individuals. We observed an expansion of CD8+ CD3+ cells which masks a depletion of CD8+ CD3-. The comparative study showed that the expansion of the CD8+ CD3+ is relatively higher than that of total CD8+ lymphocytes and that the depletion of the CD8+ CD3- subset is severe, begins early and remains constant through the HIV progression. The comparison of CD4/CD8 and CD4/CD8+ CD3+ ratios showed that the latter could possibly be a better indicator in the HIV infection. The mechanism of inverted CD4/CD8 ratio in healthy individuals was also clarified. The CD8+ CD3+, CD8+ CD3- and CD4/CD8+ CD3+ parameters would be more specific markers than total CD8 and CD4/CD8 ratio especially in therapy trials.
Adult↗