Changes in the distribution patterns of chondrocytes in the permanent hyaline cartilage were studied in order to analyze a process of differentiation quantitatively. Sections of 29 specimens of arytenoid cartilage and 42 specimens of Carina tracheae from newborn up to the age of 91 years were used. The chondrocytes were transferred via a mirror to paper, and the resulting patterns were analyzed. Various distribution functions were calculated. The most important one is the pair correlation function. The behavior of the differentiation is resembling in both organs. Especially in arytenoid cartilage there were found the following results: The clearest process of differentiation took place up to the 3rd decade of life. Initial hard core distribution is followed by soft core distribution up to the final of puberty. After the 2nd decade of life clustering was found. The grade of differentiation decreases in the 5th decade of life and later.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphometric proof of function-related aging].

In a new book of W. Frolkis and co-workers there is emphasized the dependence of aging processes on the cell functions. Besides always demonstrable universal mechanisms each kind of cell shows its specific aging in dependence on its function. This is the case in different tissues and organs too. We show that in muscle tissues, in the comparison of the kidney with the submaxillary gland and in the appearance of collagen type I and III in the anterior and middle part of the human vocal cord.

Cell Survival↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypotheses on aging--status and problems].

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Aging↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Quantitative detection of the differentiation processes of cartilage tissue].

The onset of ageing during childhood and adolescence is accompanied by a variety of differentiation processes, whereas ageing later in life is characterized by dysdifferentiation. One of the subjects in the present discussion is the "Dysdifferentiation hypothesis of ageing". So far differentiation has been described only in qualitative terms. The paper uses the example of hyaline cartilage development (chondrogenesis) to show that a quantitative approach to differentiation is possible, which at the same time enables random-critical study. The method used for this is stochastic geometry.

Cartilage↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphometric findings of a peculiarity in the aging of the lymphatic system].

The size of sections of lymph follicles in the pharyngeal tonsils of sixty-four children and juveniles between two and twenty-one years of age was determined histomorphometrically. The measurements were followed by linear regression and correlation analyses and determinations of mean differences by Student's t-test. It was possible to show that lymph follicles start decreasing in size already from the third year of life onward. Moreover, lymph follicle size decreases with the frequency of infections, and there is a positive correlation between the histomorphometrically determinable follicle size and the macroscopic size of the organ.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Histomorphometric contribution to W. Beier's exponent of the aging function].

We determined aging changes of the nucleus-cytoplasm-relation in the epithelium of the epiglottis and intestine of human beings and rats. The results were compared with data about the proliferation of connective tissue and the decrease of muscle cells in the wall of the intestine and in the ciliary muscle. We adapted exponential functions to the measured results. For comparing the several equations and the derivable aging velocities, the nucleus-cytoplasm-relation must be transformed into nucleus volume rate of the total cell volume. Similarities in the decrease of the aging speed in the course of life and in the value of the exponent of the aging function by W. Beier (approximately equal to 0,03) were demonstrated.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Age-related changes in systematic inhomogeneities of articular cartilage].

We have considered the question of the quantification of differentiation processes. We investigated articular cartilage of the Caput femoris in 22 cases aged from 0 to 77 years. We measured cell size and volume density. During aging a shifting of the layer with the maximum cell size in relation to the joint surface as well as the formation of two layers with different volume densities take place. We believe that the changes in nutritional and load conditions during life play a role in these processes. We describe these with the term "diversification", characterizing the process of the changing of the degree of structural order.

Adolescent↗