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Biomedical subjects

P Roth

Publications and source records attributed to P Roth.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Low-dose doxapram for apnea unresponsive to aminophylline in very low birthweight infants.

This study was designed to test whether the addition of low-dose (less than or equal to 1.5 mg/kg/h) doxapram may help wean from positive airway pressure very low birthweight (less than or equal to 1250 g) infants with apnea unresponsive to aminophylline. Doxapram infusion was started at 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg/h and increased as necessary up to a maximum of 1.5 mg/kg/h. Average birthweight (N = 12) was 1026 +/- 170 g (mean +/- SD, range 740 to 1250), gestational age 27.8 +/- 2.6 weeks (range 24 to 34), postnatal age 24.2 +/- 9.4 days (range 13 to 40), central spun hematocrit 44% +/- 4% (range 38% to 48%), and theophylline level 57.1 +/- 7.7 mumol/L. Doxapram therapy resulted in weaning to a head box in 11 of 12 patients; two required a subsequent course after stopping doxapram. Since the only observed toxicity was mild irritability in one patient, we conclude that very low birthweight infants with apnea unresponsive to aminophylline and older than 1 week of age often respond to the addition of low-dose doxapram with only minimal side effects. Since there was a negative correlation between theophylline level and the effective doxapram dose (r = -.64, N = 13, P less than .05), we recommend that treatment with doxapram be considered in the United States only in those infants with a theophylline level greater than or equal to 88.8 mumol/L, in order to limit the cumulative dose of benzyl alcohol administered.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1991

[Sagittal palatine rugae--a whim of nature?].

The fact that, for the first time in the Erlangen Orthodontic OPD's inventory of casts, sagittal palatine rugae have been observed in a dental student gave rise to a search of the available publications for a similar finding. As there seems to be no comparable observation in the literature, the case with the palatine rugae arranged in this unique pattern is described.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Frequency of tooth agenesis in CLP patients with eruption of all four third molars].

Tooth agenesis was investigated in 101 patients with complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate presenting four third molars. The prevalence was found to be six times higher than in the control group. The most commonly missing teeth were the upper second premolars and the upper lateral incisors. With the exception of one patient, tooth agenesis in the mandible was only found in combination with congenital absence of teeth in the maxilla.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1991

[Hydrophobicity and microbial production. 1. Selection of oleophilic microorganisms and qualitative characterization by several ecologically and technologically relevant activities].

From samples of different origin microorganisms were selected using the property of oleophily. All oleophilic isolates (30 strains are characterized in more detail) proved to be Gram-positive, nonsporogenic bacteria, obviously belonging to the group of coryneforms. They are growing on a broad spectrum of substrates, 11 strains are facultatively methylotrophic. They are utilizing methanol as well as n-alkanes and glucose without any supplines. 6 strains are able to degrade and decolorize triphenylmethane dyes, for example crystal violet and malachite green. Because of the degradative capacities, combined with the hydrophobic properties of the cell surface, the group of the oleophilic bacteria seems to be very promising in relation to the development of environmental technologies and ecological investigations.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1991

[Gorlin-Goltz syndrome].

We present here a case of a patient with Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome treated and followed up for more than 22 years. During the evolution of the disease, we have noted a severe development of symptoms that necessitated the resection of multiple face and trunk basalioms, as well as numerous maxillary keratocysts. One of the cysts has presented the histologic characteristics of an ameloblastic fibroma. Later on, the growth of a squamous cell carcinoma required a partial mandibular resection, primary reconstruction (with AO-plate) and postoperative radiotherapy. Afterwards, a relapse in the symphysar region necessitated, in spite of the presence of lung metastases, another resection of the same region including part of the lower lip with secondary reconstruction by the means of a myocutaneous flap (PMM). A review of the main features of this syndrome has been carried out. With the help of a literature review, all the similar cases already published are here presented and discussed. Furthermore, our therapeutic concept concerning this syndrome is briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Labor and delivery in grand multipara. Retrospective study of 419 cases in 2 1/2 years].

Grand multiparity was long considered to be an obstetric risk factor. Is this still the case in 1990? Four hundred and nineteen deliveries of grand multipara (defined as six deliveries or more) were studied and compared with deliveries of patients of lower parity. There was no evidence of significantly more difficulties in the grand multipara. Age and general condition appear to have more influence than parity on the prognosis of labour and delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lipopolysaccharide enhances monocyte adherence to matrix-bound fibronectin.

Fibronectin (Fn), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with binding sites for collagen, fibrin, heparin, and cell surfaces, is a nonimmune opsonin which up-regulates phagocytic function and facilitates adherence of human monocytes. We have developed a simple assay to study adherence of peripheral blood monocytes to Fn on a gelatin matrix. While cell adherence was enhanced by the presence of Fn in a dose-dependent manner, it was inhibited by peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) cell attachment sequence or by coating the matrix with antibodies directed against Fn. Preincubation of monocytes for 30 min with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at doses of 1-50 micrograms/ml increased adherence to Fn-gelatin but not to gelatin alone, while longer preincubation (24 hr) resulted in similar changes at lower doses (0.01-1.0 micrograms/ml). Enhanced Fn adherence may be essential for monocyte localization to sites of inflammation.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1990

Total removal of craniopharyngiomas. Approaches and long-term results in 144 patients.

The clinical features, perioperative course, and postoperative outcomes of 144 patients who underwent microsurgical resection of craniopharyngioma were reviewed. Overall, 90% of the tumors were completely resected and 7% recurred. Evaluation of those patients who underwent primary resection revealed much better results. The operative techniques and approaches are reviewed in detail. The results of this series suggest that primary total removal of craniopharyngiomas yields the best long-term outcome for the patient. Experience has shown that the larger the tumor the greater will be the damage, both preoperatively and intraoperatively, to vital intracranial structures. Consequently, early diagnosis, at a stage when the tumor is still small, improves the chances of accomplishing complete removal and of achieving good operative results. The early diagnosis of craniopharyngioma, before it can produce devastating neurological defects, continues to be the principal goal of our medical and pediatric colleagues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative study of 2 protocols for antibiotic therapy. Maternal-fetal non-specific bacterial infections during labor].

Two protocols for prophylaxis by antibiotics in labour were compared to see how effective they were in preventing materno-fetal infection in patients who had signs of chorio-amnionitis. There was in increase in E. coli infections in 40% of liquor which were resistant to amoxycillin which had been used right up to now. 135 cases of patients who had received antibiotic treatment in labour were studied. 61 of these were treated with amoxycillin and 74 with piperacillin. The results show that there was a drop of 11.05% in the number of newborns who were infected in the group of patients who were treated with piperacillin. It was not possible using piperacillin to avoid all infections of the mother and fetus. The severity of the infection in the fetus, as judged by the Apgar score and the opinion of the paediatricians, was less serious in the group that was treated with piperacillin. The death rate for both groups was identical: one in each group. Both were caused by E. coli infections. A drop of 11% in post partum maternal infections was noted. Its was shown that piperacillin was more efficacious, but this way of preventing of infections in the mother and fetus lay in finding as early as possible the situation that could increase the risk of infection.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1990

[Hypodontia with anlage of all four third molars].

Orthopantomographic films and anamnestic data of 1553 orthodontic patients presenting four third molars were evaluated for tooth agenesis. Agenesis was found in 94 patients (6.1%). There were no significant differences between male and female patients. The most commonly missing teeth were the lower second premolars followed by the upper lateral incisors and the upper second premolars in decreasing order of frequency. Compared with the data in the literature, these results suggest that agenesis occurs less frequently in patients with anlage of all four third molars.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of methods for detecting human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleotide sequences in clinical specimens.

Specimens from 26 condylomatous lesions, 24 invasive cancer cells, and 33 cervices, without evidence of the diseases, were tested for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by Southern blot hybridization, in situ filter hybridization, or in situ tissue hybridization methods. A total of 89% (23 of 26) of the condylomatous lesions contained HPV DNAs, as determined by one or more of the methods. The positive rates for the detection of HPV DNA in condylomas by the different methods were 82% for Southern blot hybridization, 62% for in situ filter hybridization, and 72% for in situ tissue hybridization. Among the specimens from patients with cancer, HPV DNA was found in 83% (19 of 23) by one or more of the methods. Positive rates of 89 and 70%, respectively, were obtained for cancer lesions tested by the filter in situ and Southern blot hybridization methods; however, only 30% of those lesions were positive by the in situ tissue hybridization method. Thirteen percent of the control cervices were positive for HPV DNA by one or more of the assays. With respect to all disease categories, the methods had comparable sensitivities and specificities, except for the in situ tissue hybridization method, which revealed a specificity of 72% for condylomatous lesions and 30% for invasive cancer cells.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1988

Controversial topics in kernicterus.

The physiology of the blood-brain barrier and its disruption by a variety of pathophysiologic processes in the development of experimental and clinical kernicterus are reviewed. The use of currently available methods for measuring free and bound bilirubin in developing strategies for the prevention of kernicterus and more subtle sequelae of hyperbilirubinemia also are presented.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1988

Macro-prostatic acid phosphatase in a patient's serum.

A patient without prostatic carcinoma had a high concentration of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP; EC 3.1.3.2) in his serum. This PAP was bound to IgG ("macro-PAP"), and IgG autoantibodies against PAP were demonstrated in serum. The patient's IgG prolonged the biological half-life of radiolabeled PAP in rats, suggesting that the formation of IgG-PAP complexes was responsible for decreased PAP catabolism. Furthermore, macro-PAP was inactivated in serum more slowly than PAP. These factors accounted for the increases in the enzymatic activity and antigenic concentration of PAP measured in the patient's serum. Inappropriate therapy was prescribed on the basis of this laboratory result. The diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma requires clinical or histological evidence of malignant disease, and should not rely solely on PAP measurements.

Acid Phosphatase↗