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Biomedical subjects

P Roth

Publications and source records attributed to P Roth.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Posterior circulation aneurysms. Technical strategies based on angiographic anatomical findings and the results of 60 recent consecutive cases.

Ninety-eight patients with aneurysms of the posterior circulation were admitted to our department from 1993 to 1997. Sixty of them underwent microsurgical treatment, mostly in the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Peri- and intraoperative management were carried out according to a structured treatment strategy. Special aspects of surgical technique included extradural selective anterior clinoidectomy for basilar head aneurysms, lateral suboccipital craniotomy and partial condylectomy without laminectomy for aneurysms of the vertebral artery or posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and a trans-Sylvian approach, as used in selective amygdalohippocampectomy, for aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery. A careful angiographic evaluation of the aneurysms in relation to the neighboring important arteries and bony structures was essential for optimal surgical planning. Forty-nine patients (82%) made a good recovery by 3 months after surgery. The mortality was 7%.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Prenatal ultrasonic measurements of the eye and the interorbital distance].

OBJECTIVES: The two-fold objective of this study was to ascertain whether the antero-posterior diameter of the fetal eye is comparable to the transversal diameter and to establish nomograms based on the measurements obtained for ocular diameter (OD), mean interorbital distance (MIOD) and the MIOD/biparietal diameter (BPD) ratio related to gestational age. TYPE: A prospective monocentric study based on 398 sonographic fetal eye measurements. RESULTS: The antero-posterior and transverse ocular diameters of the fetal eye remain comparable throughout pregnancy (R = 0.997, p < 0.0001). They were related to gestational age and BPD. The MIOD/BDP ratio decreased with gestational age. The OD/BPD ratio remained nearly constant. Nomograms were established for OD, MIOD and the MIOD/BPD ratio related to gestational age. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The fetal eye can be measured on any diameter provided the sonographic scan for the measurement is flawless. Nomograms and values are given. Hyper- and hypotelorism and microphthalmia can be found in numerous malformative syndromes. Previously published tables are not well-suited to the French population.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1998

The effects of colony-stimulating factor-1 on the distribution of mononuclear phagocytes in the developing osteopetrotic mouse.

Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), the primary regulator of mononuclear phagocyte (Mphi) production, exists as either a circulating or cell surface, membrane-spanning molecule. To establish transplacental transfer of maternal CSF-1, gestational day-17 mothers were injected intravenously with 125I-mouse CSF-1 or human rCSF-1, and the 125I-cpm or human CSF-1 concentrations were measured in fetal tissue, placenta, and fetal/maternal sera. Biologically active CSF-1 crossed the placenta and peaked in fetal tissue, placenta, and serum 10 minutes after injection. The role of CSF-1 in perinatal Mphi development was examined by studying the CSF-1-deficient osteopetrotic (csfmop/csfmop) mouse. Fetal/neonatal mice, derived from matings of either +/csfmop females with csfmop/csfmop males or the reciprocal pairings, were genotyped and tissue Mphi identified and quantified. In the presence of circulating maternal CSF-1 (+/csfmop mother), Mphi development in csfmop/csfmop liver was essentially complete at birth relative to +/csfmop littermates, but significantly reduced in spleen, kidney, and lung. In the absence of circulating maternal CSF-1 (csfmop/csfmop mother), Mphi numbers at birth were reduced in csfmop/csfmop liver relative to the offspring of +/csfmop mothers, but were similar in spleen, kidney, and lung. We conclude that CSF-1 is required for the perinatal development of most Mphi in these tissues. Compensation for total absence of local CSF-1 production by circulating, maternal CSF-1 is tissue-specific and most prominent in liver, the first fetal organ perfused by placental blood. However, because some Mphi developed in the complete absence of CSF-1, other factors must also be involved in the regulation of macrophage development.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Biokinetic studies in humans with stable isotopes as tracers. Part 1: A methodology for incorporation of trace metals into vegetables.

The metabolism and biokinetics of trace metals in humans can be successfully studied employing stable isotopes of the investigated elements as tracers. For the estimation of the bioavailability and the intestinal absorption from solid food, materials are required which have been intrinsically labelled with the chosen stable tracer, since the use of an extrinsic label may lead to erroneous results. Here a technique for producing intrinsically labelled vegetables is presented and optimized with regard to molybdenum, gadolinium and ruthenium, elements of interest in the field of radiation protection and/or nutrition. These feasibility studies were aimed to determine the most favourable conditions for the production of vegetables containing the selected tracers in amounts high enough to enable successful biokinetic studies in humans. In this optimization study the natural elements were used instead of the more expensive stable isotopes. Mo is readily absorbed both into cress (Lepidium sativum) and into french beans (Phaseolus vulg. var. nanus). Gd uptake into cress is moderate, while Ru may be easily and successfully incorporated only into sprouts of mung beans (Vigna radiata).

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1998

Biokinetic studies in humans with stable isotopes as tracers. Part 2: Uptake of molybdenum from aqueous solutions and labelled foodstuffs.

Molybdenum (Mo) has been identified as an essential trace mental for humans. The present study was aimed at the assessment of data on intestinal Mo absorption from aqueous solutions and from foodstuffs in humans applying the methodology for intrinsic labelling described in Part 1. The intestinal absorption of Mo was investigated by means of a double tracer method in 3 healthy volunteers on a total of 15 occasions. When administered as aqueous solution, almost complete uptake of Mo was observed up to doses of 1 mg and only a slight decrease for higher doses. But addition of black tea reduces the absorbed fraction by about a factor of ten. Studying Mo absorption from food, intrinsically labelled cress showed a reduced uptake as compared to extrinsically labelled cress and aqueous solutions. Even less Mo was absorbed from an extrinsically labelled composite meal. The data obtained demonstrate a pattern of intestinal Mo absorption which is different from that of other essential trace metals, e.g., Fe or Co.

Food↗
PubMed1998

A revised model of molybdenum biokinetics in humans for application in radiation protection.

The biokinetic models used to describe the fate of radionuclides incorporated by humans often lack the support of reliable experimental evidence. Recent investigations conducted in human volunteers using stable isotopes as tracers have shown that some important features of the biokinetics of ingested molybdenum are not taken into account by the model currently adopted by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Compartmental analysis has been used to develop an improved model which better describes the available data. Major modifications with respect to the International Commission on Radiological Protection model concern the description of the urinary excretion and the values of the transfer parameters describing intestinal absorption and distribution to organs. Separate sets of parameter values for liquid and solid materials are also given.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Use of energy color Doppler in visualizing fetal pulmonary vascularization to predict the absence of severe pulmonary hypoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine if the assessment of pulmonary vascularization by energy color Doppler during ultrasound examination can predict the absence of pulmonary hypoplasia before birth in situations where it is a high risk. METHODS: In a prospective study of 12 pregnancies presenting a risk of pulmonary hypoplasia (5 early and prolonged premature ruptures of the membranes, 1 diaphragmatic hernia, 1 chylothorax, 1 pulmonary sequestration, 1 omphalocele, 1 anamnios and 2 Potter's syndromes) energy color Doppler was used to visualize pulmonary vascularization. RESULTS: In 10 cases where pulmonary vascularization could be visualized, none of the infants had pulmonary hypoplasia. In the 2 cases of Potter's syndrome where pulmonary vascularization was not visualized there was a pulmonary hypoplasia. CONCLUSION: The visualization of fetal pulmonary vascularization with energy color Doppler in situations with a high risk of pulmonary hypoplasia can predict the absence of severe pulmonary hypoplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Monitoring early cellular responses in apoptosis is aided by the mitochondrial membrane protein-specific monoclonal antibody APO2.7.

A recently described mitochondrial membrane protein-specific monoclonal antibody, APO2.7, was examined for monitoring early apoptotic responses in anti-CD95 (7C11)-induced Jurkat cells. Jurkat cells were harvested at 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 12, and 18 h after induction of apoptosis, and APO2.7 antibody monitored in unprocessed (no permeabilization agent used prior to staining) and processed (permeabilized prior to staining) cells. Light-scatter changes (decreased forward-scatter and increased side-scatter) by flow cytometry were observed after 3 h, and detection of cell permeability in unprocessed cells, as measured by light microscopic examination of Trypan blue-stained cells and flow cytometric detection of tubulin, showed little change until after 6 h. In addition, unprocessed cells stained with APO2.7 antibody showed little increase in staining until after 6 h following induction of apoptosis, when DNA fragmentation was demonstrated by flow cytometry and gel electrophoresis; however, processed cells stained with APO2.7 antibody showed significant increase in staining after 1.5 h. Detection, using annexin V and flow cytometry, of phospholipid membrane asymmetry from exposure of phosphatidylserine showed greater, apparent nonspecific staining in noninduced cells as compared to the other markers of apoptosis, but nearly paralleled the results of APO2.7 staining in processed cells from 3-18 h following CD95 induction of apoptosis. The data presented herein indicate that the mitochondrial membrane protein-specific antibody, APO2.7, is useful as a marker for the detection of apoptotic cells.

Annexin A5↗
PubMed1997

Lipopolysaccharide induces synthesis of mouse colony-stimulating factor-1 in vivo.

CSF-1 is a hemopoietic growth factor that regulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, cells that are critical in the inflammatory response. In the case of Gram-negative infection, LPS plays an important role by inducing several cell types to produce the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. In this study, we examined the effects of i.p. administration of LPS on CSF-1 expression in the mouse. Two- to sevenfold increases in the CSF-1 concentrations determined by RIA were evident within hours of LPS administration in serum, liver, kidney, lung, spleen, brain, intestine, and heart. While alterations in the CSF-1 receptor-mediated clearance of CSF-1 appeared not to account for the increased growth factor concentrations in LPS-treated animals, there was an early LPS-induced reduction of splenic [125I]CSF-1 uptake consistent with tissue-specific down-modulation of CSF-1 receptors. The results of Northern analysis revealed increased expression of a CSF-1 mRNA species in liver, lung, kidney, spleen, intestine, and heart following LPS treatment, demonstrating that increased synthesis was responsible for the increased tissue CSF-1 concentrations. The increased expression and synthesis of CSF-1 in response to LPS may be essential for mobilizing and activating mononuclear phagocytes in the inflammatory response.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of milk-borne colony stimulating factor-1 on circulating growth factor levels in the newborn infant.

Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) concentrations in colostrum were 20 to 25 times higher than in serum at birth and declined with lactation. No difference in concentrations of circulating CSF-1, however, were noted between breast-fed and formula-fed infants, suggesting that milk-borne CSF-1 may feed back negatively on endogenous growth factor levels, may act locally in the gastrointestinal tract, or may be locally degraded.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A methodology for biokinetic studies using stable isotopes: results of repeated molybdenum investigations on a healthy volunteer.

A method for biokinetic studies in humans using stable isotopes is presented. The technique is based on double tracer administration and on proton activation as the analytical method. As an application, the results of investigations on molybdenum metabolism in humans are reported. The contents of 95Mo and 96Mo in biological samples were determined by inducing (p,n) reactions and by analysing the gamma-rays emitted by the radioactive products. The minimum detectable quantity was 2 ng/mL plasma for both Mo isotopes. Four investigations on molybdenum metabolism were performed on a healthy volunteer subject in the course of 3 yr. Two absorption studies with different amounts of tracers in aqueous solution were performed by giving 96Mo orally and 95Mo intravenously. Two investigations were performed with single oral administration of 96Mo in aqueous solution and of a 96Mo solution mixed with an infant formula respectively. The stability with time of the biokinetic parameters was tested. The fractional absorption values measured in this volunteer were 0.84, 0.98 and 0.95 for three studies with Mo in HCl and 0.51 for a single study with Mo administered in an infant formula, these data are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Selective extradural anterior clinoidectomy for supra- and parasellar processes. Technical note.

Removal of the anterior clinoid process (ACP) facilitates radical removal of tumors or radical neck clipping of aneurysms in the supra- and parasellar regions by providing a wide operative exposure of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the optic nerve and by reducing the need for brain retraction. Over a period of 3 years, anterior clinoidectomy was performed in 40 patients, 30 of whom harbored aneurysms (18 of the ICA and 13 of the basilar artery [one patient had two aneurysms]) and 10 of whom had tumors (four large pituitary tumors, four craniopharyngiomas, and two sphenoid ridge meningiomas). The ACP was removed extradurally in 31 cases and intradurally in nine cases. Extradural clinoidectomy was performed in all cases of pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma and in most cases of basilar artery aneurysm. Intradural clinoidectomy was performed in two cases of ICA-ophthalmic artery aneurysm, two cases of ICA-posterior communicating artery aneurysm, two cases of ICA cavernous aneurysm, one case of basilar artery aneurysm, and two cases of sphenoid ridge meningioma. The outcome was satisfactory in all patients, except for one patient who underwent clipping of a basilar tip aneurysm and suffered a thalamic and midbrain infarction. Three patients who underwent extradural clinoidectomy suffered a postoperative diminution of visual acuity or a visual field defect on the side of the clinoidectomy. These deficits may have been caused either by drilling of the ACP or by other operative manipulation of the optic nerve. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, which required reoperation, occurred in one patient. The authors' experience suggests that the extradural technique of ACP removal is easier and less time consuming than the intradural one and provides better operative exposure. It can be used routinely in treating lesions in the supra- and parasellar regions.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

Colony stimulating factor-1 expression is developmentally regulated in the mouse.

Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) regulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes. To determine whether CSF-1 plays a role in the perinatal development of these cells, CSF-1 protein and mRNA expression in tissues and serum from fetal/neonatal mice and their mothers was analyzed. As fetal/neonatal age increased, CSF-1 concentrations rose in liver, kidney, and lung, declined in brain and serum, and did not change in intestine and heart. Concurrently, fetal/neonatal CSF-1 concentrations were higher in liver, kidney, and serum and lower in lung, brain, intestine, and heart than maternal tissue/serum concentrations, which showed no correlations with gestational or postpartum stage. CSF-1 mRNA was detected in all tissues examined and its expression increased in lung and heart and decreased in brain with increasing fetal/neonatal age. The developmental regulation of mouse CSF-1 expression appears to he important for mononuclear phagocyte development during this period.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria: clinical, biochemical, and enzymatic profile of a severely affected infant.

Blistering of light-exposed skin, pink-stained fluorescing diapers, and fluorescing peripheral erythrocytes led to diagnosis of congenital porphyria in an infant born to consanguineous parents. Although massive coproporphyrinuria and coproporphyrinemia initially suggested a coproporphyrinogen oxidase deficiency disorder, excess porphyrins were chiefly of the isomer I series, implicating a uroporphyrinogen III synthase defect. Congenital erythropoietic porphyria was confirmed by demonstration of a profound defect in the activity of the infant's uroporphyrinogen III synthase (4% of the mean value for nine normal controls) and in both parents at approximately 50% of the mean normal activity. Coinheritance of gene defects for either hereditary coproporphyria or erythropoietic protoporphyria in addition to those for congenital erythropoietic porphyria was excluded by demonstrating normal activities of both coproporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase in the infant. The complicated perinatal and postnatal clinical course and biochemical and enzyme assay data for the infant and his parents are described.

Coproporphyrins↗