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Biomedical subjects

P Robert

Publications and source records attributed to P Robert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Trimipramine: acute and lasting effects on sleep in healthy and major depressive subjects.

The acute effects of trimipramine on sleep EEG patterns were investigated in six depressed inpatients and six healthy volunteers. The effects of long-term administration were then assessed in depressed patients after 4 weeks of treatment. Sedative effects of the drug were more pronounced in healthy subjects while sleep parameters of depressed patients seemed less sensitive to the drug. Chronic effects tended to correct most of the sleep disturbances seen in depressed subjects with respect to the natural organization of sleep. The major sleep effect of trimipramine concerned REM latency which was lengthened in both groups, independently of the treatment protocol.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Disorders of circadian rhythms in depression].

The authors make a synthesis of studies about circadian rhythms in depression and of hypothesis to explain them. They successively study trials on the phases, on the average levels, on the amplitude of rhythms. They conclude the most significant troubles are, shortening of latency on paradoxical sleep for phases, slump of melatonin levels, blunded amplitude of every parameter. Among possible explanations, they present and discuss a trouble of oscillators, a decrease of sensitivity to external synchronizers and a trouble in rhythm coupling.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

Effect of cold preservation on lymphocyte adherence in the perfused rat liver.

A study was designed to determine if cold preservation induces an increase in lymphocyte adherence to liver sinusoids on reperfusion. Rat livers were stored at 1 degree C in University of Wisconsin solution for 45 min, 8 hr, or 30 hr, and then reperfused for 90 min at 37 degrees C in an isolated perfused rat liver apparatus. Just prior to reperfusion, isogeneic rat lymphocytes prepared on a Ficoll-Paque gradient were added to the perfusate. In some studies lymphocytes were labeled with a fluorescent lipophilic membrane marker. There was no change in the number of circulating lymphocytes in an anhepatic circuit. When livers were present in the circuit, lymphocytes were lost from the perfusate into the liver in all studies, with the most rapid decrease occurring within 10 min of reperfusion. The length of preservation had a marked and statistically significant effect on the rate of disappearance of lymphocytes from the perfusate. Reduction by 50% of the number of lymphocytes infused did not affect the results when expressed as percent lymphocytes remaining in perfusate. To exclude the possibility that the loss of lymphocytes into the liver was due to a damaged subpopulation of lymphocytes, two livers stored 3 for 45 min were put into the circuit in sequence. The percent reduction in cells due to exposure to a second liver was not significantly different from that observed when cells were exposed only to a single liver. Histological studies showed fluorescence-labeled lymphocytes adherent in sinusoids, and the number of labeled cells was directly related to the length of preservation. Cold preservation induces an increase in lymphocyte adherence in the reperfused liver, which might be important in graft malfunction and rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Open trial of a calcium antagonist, nimodipine, in acute mania.

Following previous works showing an action of calcium channel blockers in mania, this trial explores the clinical efficiency of another anticalcic agent, nimodipine, which has been selected for its specific action on the CNS. Our design has been a 7-day controlled open trial. We included six inpatients diagnosed according to DSM III-R criteria as having mild to acute mania. Evaluations have been made by clinical scales, electroencephalography, electrocardiography, and extensive biological blood tests. No other medication than nimodipine was allowed excepted i.m. droperidol in case of severe excitement. We used nimodipine at a dose of 360 mg/day. The results showed good clinical efficiency in each of our six inpatients, with an important and significant improvement of scales scores. We noticed an early and significant action on mood without important sedative effect. The treatment has been well tolerated, without biological effects. Further studies are needed, but nimodipine could be an alternative treatment to the neuroleptics with a different type of action, less sedative and more specific on mood.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of fibrosis in the disse space in noncirrhotic alcoholic liver disease.

In 40 alcoholic noncirrhotic patients, we performed a liver biopsy and determined the wedged hepatic vein pressure, the free hepatic vein pressure, and the intrahepatic vein pressure. In 27 of them, the serum concentration of the N-terminal peptide of type III procollagen (PIIIP) and of the laminin P1 fragment was measured. All the liver biopsies were studied by light and transmission electronic microscopy. A score of collagenization of the Disse space (six classes) was performed using transmission electronic microscopy. 37 of the 40 patients had pathological collagenization of the Disse space which was correlated with intrahepatic pressure (p less than 0.01). The lamin P1 blood level in patients (1.38 +/- 0.51 U/ml) was increased, compared to the values of our controls (0.99 +/- 0.10 U/ml, p less than 0.01) and was correlated with the wedge hepatic vein pressure (p less than 0.01). The PIIIP blood level was not significantly increased except when Mallory bodies were found in hepatocytes (p less than 0.05). The laminin P1 blood level seemed to be a good biological marker for detection of liver fibrosis in long-term alcoholic intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Course of psychosis in Algeria and in France: about 342 cases observed from 1975 to 1985.

The aim of this study was to compare the evolution of psychotic patients in Algeria and in France. In 1975, 105 patients were selected in Algeria and 237 in France. Ten years later, in 1985, all these patients were interviewed. In 1985, we investigated for each subject the evolution of the following parameters: sex, age, DSM-III axis 1 and 5, marital status, social welfare work, and treatment variables. Our results indicate that the improvement of the psychosocial adaptation (DSM-III axis 5) is slightly better in Algeria than in France. Medical and social support seems to be quantitatively less important in Algeria.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The development of psychoses: results of a clinical survey concerning 383 cases followed during 10 years (1975-1985)].

383 psychotics patients were selected in 1975 according to the french classification (INSERM). These initial population was simultaneously subdivided according 2 types of criteria: Diagnosis criteria (DSM III Axis 1), Psychosocial adaptation criteria (DSM III axis V). For each subjects we investigates in 1985 evolution of following data previously collected in 1975: Diagnosis and psychosocial adaptation, Marital status and presence of social welfare work, Treatment variable (Hospitalization and out patient department care, neuroleptic treatment). Results indicate than: psychosocial adaptation criteria are better than diagnosis criteria for outcome judgment. most of the time there is no correlation between high quantity of care and better outcome, furthermore some time there is a correlation between high quantity of care and negative outcome, We must consider, as one explanation of this fact, that it's the more severe patients who use the higher quantity of care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of exocrine pancreatic function by the haptocorrin degradation test of the duodenal fluid collected by endoscopy].

Two groups of biological methods are commonly used to evaluate the exocrine pancreatic function: tests which require tubes for the collection of duodenal juice and the tubeless tests which are indirect tests of pancreatic function. In this study we have attempted to improve a new test: the test of haptocorrin degradation (THD). This test measures the transfer of labelled cobalamin from haptocorrin to the intrinsic factor which is provoked by the degradation of the haptocorrin by proteases in the duodenal juice. We present the results of this test in 90 patients with chronic pancreatitis. THD was first assayed with basal duodenal juice collected by naso duodenal tubing during secretin cerulein stimulation. In this study the sensitivity and specificity of THD was 0.86 and 0.93, respectively. In the second part of this study we demonstrated that the means of collecting duodenal juice had no effect on the results of THD. Duodenal juice was collected during a secretin cerulein test or during a routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after pancreatic stimulation with secretin. The sensitivity and specificity of THD was 0.90 and 0.94, respectively, when duodenal juice was collected during endoscopy. THD was significantly correlated with the NBT-PABA test, steatorrhea, and with the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the duodenal juice. In this study, NBT-PABA was less sensitive than THD for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (sensitivity was 0.70 and 0.89, respectively). The specificity of THD was estimated at 0.94. THD seemed to be a valuable adjunct to test pancreatic function. As upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is usually performed in patients with proved or suspected chronic pancreatitis, THD seems to have a place of choice among the other tests of pancreatic exocrine function. Further evaluation of this test by a multicentric prospective trial is now needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Antidepressant effect of 5-methoxypsoralen: a preliminary report.

5-Methoxypsoralen (5 MOP) administered daily (40 mg at 9 p.m.) was compared with placebo in the treatment of severe depression. The clinical response was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale after 1 week of treatment. Our preliminary data indicate that patients receiving 5 MOP improved significantly after 1 week, whereas patients treated with placebo did not. The stimulating effect of 5 MOP on the melatonin secretion may be involved in this clinical effect.

5-Methoxypsoralen↗
PubMed1985

A magnetic device to stimulate selected whiskers of freely moving or restrained small rodents: its application in a deoxyglucose study.

After receiving an intraperitoneal injection of [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a total of 28 mice which had pieces of metal wire glued to certain whiskers (all others were clipped) were exposed to magnetic field bursts. The stimulated whiskers were B1 (freely moving mice, set I) or whiskers C1-3 and E1 (restrained mice, set II) on the left side. In set I, stimulated mice were compared with animals of various control groups. Autoradiography demonstrated an activation of columnar shape overlying the presumed corresponding barrel contralateral to stimulation; in a part of the ipsilateral barrelfield, 2-DG uptake was depressed significantly. In the subnuclei caudalis and interpolaris of the trigeminal brainstem complex a spot of activation was observed ipsilaterally but there was no depression contralaterally. Whereas several animals of the control groups showed some aspects of these responses, they were consistent only in stimulated mice. In set II, animals received stimulation with different intensities. 2-DG uptake was higher in barrels C1-3 than in E1. It increased with increasing intensity. The same observations were made in two nuclei of termination. The device we describe here can be used to study stimulus-specific responses at various levels of the somatosensory pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A logistic regression analysis of multiple noninvasive tests for the prediction of the presence and extent of coronary artery disease in men.

The incremental diagnostic yield of clinical data, exercise ECG, stress thallium scintigraphy, and cardiac fluoroscopy to predict coronary and multivessel disease was assessed in 171 symptomatic men by means of multiple logistic regression analyses. When clinical variables alone were analyzed, chest pain type and age were predictive of coronary disease, whereas chest pain type, age, a family history of premature coronary disease before age 55 years, and abnormal ST-T wave changes on the rest ECG were predictive of multivessel disease. The percentage of patients correctly classified by cardiac fluoroscopy (presence or absence of coronary artery calcification), exercise ECG, and thallium scintigraphy was 9%, 25%, and 50%, respectively, greater than for clinical variables, when the presence or absence of coronary disease was the outcome, and 13%, 25%, and 29%, respectively, when multivessel disease was studied; 5% of patients were misclassified. When the 37 clinical and noninvasive test variables were analyzed jointly, the most significant variable predictive of coronary disease was an abnormal thallium scan and for multivessel disease, the amount of exercise performed. The data from this study provide a quantitative model and confirm previous reports that optimal diagnostic efficacy is obtained when noninvasive tests are ordered sequentially. In symptomatic men, cardiac fluoroscopy is a relatively ineffective test when compared to exercise ECG and thallium scintigraphy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Anesthetic induction with Althesin or diazepam in patients undergoing an aortocoronary bypass].

The haemodynamic effects of induction of anaesthesia with diazepam (group D) and Althesin (group A) were studied in 25 coronary patients under betablockers with good myocardial function. Haemodynamic variables monitored were vascular pressures, cardiac output and systolic time intervals. The effects of both drugs were observed when used alone (time I) and in combination with fentanyl, pancuronium and nitrous oxide (time II). The results seemed to show that Althesin (12.51% fall in SI and 10.79% increase in PEP/LVET) depressed myocardial function more than diazepam (no significant difference), but the introduction of fentanyl, pancuronium and nitrous oxide removed the differences between the drugs as to their effect on myocardial performance. These drugs added a depressant effect to diazepam (13.83% fall in SI and 15.77% increase in PEP/LVET) without increasing Althesin's negative inotropic effect. However, in group A at time II, the pulmonary arterial pressure, the wedge pressure and the pulmonary vascular resistance were significantly reduced, while they remained stable in the diazepam group.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗