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Biomedical subjects

P Rieder

Publications and source records attributed to P Rieder.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Between liberty and control, the private docents and medical teaching in Geneva between 1876 and 1917].

The University of Geneva was founded in 1876 with two sets of teachers established as competitive entities: the salaried professors and the nonsalaried privat-docents. The ease with which physicians obtained the title of privat-docent, a series of abuses of that status and the professors' desire to manage teaching at all levels, resulted in a conflictual situation. The subsequent drive of professors to gain control over all teaching reveals tensions between the medical faculty and the political authorities, but also strains within the medical community itself. Ultimately, the result was the professors' leadership over the rest of the medical community.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1996

[Rapidly progressive ascites].

A 50-year-old woman rapidly developed ascites with jaundice and worsening of general condition. On admission a nodule of the left breast was noted. Workup showed slight anomalies in liver tests and led to the diagnosis of portal hypertension, without visible lesion (CT scan, ultrasonography) of the liver. The patient suffered severe bleeding caused by esophageal varices necessitating urgent sclerotherapy. Several days later, her condition worsened rapidly due to acute respiratory distress syndrome followed by irreversible shock.

Ascites↗
PubMed1995

The repeated measurement of vital capacity is a poor predictor of the need for mechanical ventilation in myasthenia gravis.

OBJECTIVE: Testing the hypothesis that, in myasthenia gravis (MG), repeated measurements of vital capacity (VC) and various parameters derived from this measurement [median or lowest value of measured VCs during hospitalization, VC values < 20 ml/kg body weight (BW) or < 13 ml/kg BW, or an index assessing the variability of VC values during the whole ICU stay] could predict the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV), as has been shown in other neuromuscular diseases with respiratory failure. DESIGN: Retrospective study with medical chart revision of all the patients with MG and respiratory failure admitted to our intensive care unit between 1985 and 1993. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit (15 beds) of a university hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five patients suffering from ten episodes of acute respiratory failure due to their decompensated MG. Repeated measurements of arterial blood gases and VC by trained respiratory therapists, at least every 4 h. RESULTS: There was no difference in any of these parameters between patients eventually requiring MV (four episodes) and those in whom mechanical ventilation was not necessary (six episodes). CONCLUSIONS: VC repeated measurements is a poor predictor of the need for further MV in MG patients. This can probably be ascribed to the erratic nature of MG, a disease whose course is largely influenced by many parameters (infection, treatment modifications, initiation of corticosteroid therapy, stress, psychological factors, etc.). Early admissions to the ICU of MG patients with respiratory dysfunction is thus recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Optimization of filtration and lighting parameters in pictures of the hand using digital luminescence radiography].

The appearance of digital radiographs were markedly influenced by post-processing. To optimise images of the hand, radiographs of 7 patients with arthritis were modified by various filters. 6 observers evaluated the presence or absence of erosive changes during an ROC study and the advantages of low filtration were demonstrated. Further images were prepared of anatomical preparations in which para-articular defects had been made and of a hand phantom covered in perforated plexiglass. Limited filtration and low enhancement factors again provided the best results. Dose reduction of 50% resulted in a significant deterioration in the ability to recognise erosions and artificial lesions.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1991

[Ozone, ventilatory function and bronchial reactivity].

Forty adult hospital workers were followed prospectively in 1989 by monthly assessment of the lung function and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in a rural region in Switzerland. No correlation was demonstrated between these values and the concentrations of tropospheric ozone. Nevertheless, this is not incompatible with previous studies showing impairment of ventilatory function in subjects exposed to ozone, for several reasons: ozone levels in 1989 were low, the indoor concentrations were lower than outdoors and the volunteers performed little or no physical activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Pathologic dens fracture in irradiated malignant neurofibroma].

A pathological dens fracture in a 47 year old patient with malignant neurofibroma is described. These tumours are very rare but the prognosis is very poor because of rapid proliferation and early metastatic progression. In the described case, bone osteolysis remained unnoticed until manifestation of clinical symptoms. The pathological fracture occurred despite irradiation of the dens.

Axis, Cervical Vertebra↗
PubMed1989

Intravenous DSA and dynamic computed tomography for postoperative follow-up of type A aortic dissections.

We undertook a direct comparison of intravenous digital subtraction angiography and dynamic computed tomography in a follow-up study on 37 patients who had undergone surgery on the thoracic aorta for acute or chronic type A dissections. These are minimally invasive and complementary procedures: IV-DSA provides a clear angiographic image of the dissection, with visualization of the true and false channels, their distal extension and the supra-aortic and abdominal vessels they supply. Dynamic CT best demonstrates the proximal extension of the disease; it visualizes clotting in the false lumen and permits a more accurate measurement of the aortic width, and thus early recognition of a developing aneurysm.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Suitability and comparison of compensating filters for thoracic diagnosis].

The effect of three types of filter on the quality of radiographs of the chest was compared. These filters improve visualization of mediastinal structures without significantly reducing the quality of the pulmonary image. In practice the Du Pont filter proved best; the quality of the central and peripheral portions of the lung image is equal to that of an ordinary radiograph and visualization of the mediastinum is improved. The Agfa-Gevaert filter showed no significant disadvantages compared with the ordinary techniques but the improvement in mediastinal visualization is not that marked. The 3 M filter yields poor images of the central portions of the lung and its type of construction prevents the retrocardiac structures from being pictured as well as with the other filters.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[Percutaneous transluminal irradiation of biliary tract cancer using iridium].

In ten patients with biliary carcinomas, percutaneous biliary drainage was instituted and intracavitary irradiation performed, using 192iridium with a dose of 40 to 80 Gy. Eight of these patients had been found to be inoperable at laparotomy and two had had a recurrence. In half the patients there was a reduction in the degree of stenosis due to the tumour, but in only one patient was it possible to remove the draining catheter. Survival time in eight patients was between one and eight months, average 5 months. Two patients survived for eleven and twelve months respectively. The relatively poor results are due to extensive metastases. On the other hand, there can be no doubt about the effectiveness of this treatment on locally confined tumours, in view of the reduction in the obstruction caused by the tumour.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Comparison of a standard x-ray film with a high-latitude film in thoracic diagnosis].

A comparison of chest radiographs using two films of different gradation (Cronex 4 and Cronex L (R)) shows that the relevant structures are visualized if the technique is optimal, and that the assessment speed is not prolonged. For visualizing the peripheral vessels it seems to be particularly important to employ a technique that provides rich contrasts. However, the less contrasty film makes it definitely easier to visualize the mediastinal structures and the retrocardial vessels. Imaging of the costopleural marginal zone was hardly improved by the L film type, using the technique employed here.

Humans↗