Biomedical subjects

P Reizenstein

Publications and source records attributed to P Reizenstein.

259 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Alternating combination chemotherapy does not delay development of refractoriness in myeloma.

Sixty-seven patients with stage II and III myeloma were subjected to 3 consecutive prospective phase II studies. Nineteen patients had received melphalan - prednisolone (melphalan group), 17 cyclophosphamide - vincristine - prednisolone (cyclophosphamide group) and 22 alternating combinations of 7 cytostatics and prednisolone (alternating group). Nine patients were unevaluable. The median time until response was achieved was 5, 5 and 3 months respectively. The purpose of the study was to see if combination or alternating combination chemotherapy can delay the appearance of refractoriness. Patients were regarded as refractory after progression, which was defined as advance from stage II to stage III, and, in stage III as an increase of the monoclonal serum protein of more than 25% and/or the monoclonal urine protein of more than 100% despite continued treatment. Refractoriness was not delayed by alternating combination treatment. Thirty per cent of the patients became refractory after 10 months of response in the melphalan group and after 11 months in the cyclophosphamide and the alternating chemotherapy groups. The results remained after stratification for stage.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A phase II study of alternating combination chemotherapy in 55 myeloma patients. A comparison with non-alternating combination chemotherapy and treatment with a single cytostatic.

Fifty-five consecutive patients with stage II and III myeloma were treated at 7 centers with alternating combinations of 7 cytostatics and prednisolone. 30/48 evaluable patients responded to the combination chemotherapy, 10/55 patients died within 15 months, and the median survival was 40 months. No advantage could be shown over a previous non-alternating combination of two cytostatics. However, stage III patients had a significantly better survival statistically (p less than 0.05) than earlier patients from the same center given only one cytostatic.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Doxorubicin, vincristine, bleomycin, cytembena and cisplatin as combination chemotherapy for squamous cell lung cancer.

Thirty-nine evaluable patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin, oncovin, bleomycin, cytembena and cis-platin. Objective responses were seen in 46 per cent of the patients. Patients with limited disease had a response rate of 56 per cent. Two of the four complete responses were endoscopically and histologically verified. The median survival time was 37.6 and 26.3 weeks for patients with limited and extensive disease, respectively (p less than 0.05), and 29.9 weeks for the whole group. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicities were moderate. There was one drug-related death due to septicemia and 2 reversible acute renal failures. The chemotherapeutic combination appears to be relatively effective. It causes some tumor regression and may extend the survival of responding patients with acceptable quality of life. Maintenance chemotherapy with CCNU, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, procarbazine alternating with vinblastine, nitrogen-mustard, methotrexate, procarbazine, frequently had to be discontinued because of severe toxicity.

Acrylates↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Difference between monoclonal antibodies against the common acute leukemia antigen from two different hybridomas.

Antibodies directed against the common acute lymphoid leukemia antigen (CALLA) were obtained from 2 hybridomas: J5 (Schlossman, mice sensitized with patient ALL cells), and Vil-A1 (Knapp, sensitization with the Reh cell line). The percentage of lymphoid cells reacting with these 2 monoclonal antibodies were compared. Antibody dilution curves indicated that the dilutions used yielded maximum percentages of positive cells. The percentage of CALLA-positive cells with the J5 antibody was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than that found with the Vil-A1 antibody in 16 non-neoplastic inflammatory tonsils and in 13 non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphatic leukemia lymph-nodes (p less than 0.05). In contrast, the difference between CALLA positive cells with J5 and Vil-A1 was not significant (p greater than 0.5) in 19 acute lymphoid leukemias. The difference between the ALL-cells, presumably pre-B, and the B-cells from the non-ALL subjects was also statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The results suggest that the two hybridomas form antibodies against different CALLA epitopes. Vil-A1 seems somewhat more specific for ALL than J5.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Differentiated treatment of myeloma. A non-randomised phase two study.

Seventeen consecutive, well stratified stage II and III myeloma patients were given differentiated, combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, daunorubicin, etoposide, teniposide, lomustine (CCNU), procarbazine, cytosine arabinoside, and prednisolone), which was more intensive in advanced stages and changed as soon as the patients became refractory. A comparison was made to a previous series of 17 consecutive patients treated with a simple regime of melphalan-prednisolone. Within the first 15 months only one patient in the study group given differentiated treatment died in contrast to 6 patients in the melphalan control group. The median survival times after diagnosis were 45 and 29 months, the 3-year survival 58 and 43%, respectively, and the survival for the first 15 months significantly (p less than 0,05) better in the group given differentiated treatment. The significant difference remained, when comparable patient groups were selected.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Modifying the biological response to acute myeloid leukemia I. BCG, allogeneic leukemic cells and spontaneous cytotoxicity.

The natural killer activity was measured in lymphocytes from 21 healthy controls and 18 patients with acute myeloid leukemia in complete remission. Seven patients were treated with chemotherapy alone and 11 were given chemoimmunotherapy. Immunotherapy consisted of BCG and allogeneic, viable leukemic cells. The NK activity was found to be significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in the chemotherapy group than in the controls. In the chemoimmunotherapy group a normal NK activity was maintained.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Formation and effects of leukotrienes and lipoxins in human bone marrow.

The present results demonstrate leukotriene and lipoxin synthesis in human bone marrow and link these findings to biological effects in the same tissue. However, the mechanisms behind the described effects on myeloid progenitor cell growth are presently unknown. It is conceivable that both leukotrienes and lipoxins may act through modulation of endogenous cytokine production. However, it should be noted, that these lipoxygenase products totally failed to induce colony growth in the absence of GM-CSF. Moreover, the role of lipoxins in the bone marrow needs to be further clarified, since LXA4 induced both synergistic (with GM-CSF) and antagonistic (with LTC4) effects on progenitor cell growth. A possible pathophysiological role for leukotrienes and lipoxins may be suggested in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Thus, the capacity of hematological cells from CML patients to synthesize LTC4 was significantly increased. In addition, we have recently reported that CML platelets possessed a markedly decreased ability to participate in transcellular synthesis of the potential inhibitors of myelopoiesis, LXA4 and 5(S),12(S)-diHETE (Stenke et al., 1991b). Moreover, the production of these compounds was totally abolished in platelets obtained from CML patients in blastic crisis. Further studies should aim at defining the mechanisms behind the regulatory actions of leukotrienes and lipoxins in normal and leukemic human myelopoiesis.

Bone Marrow↗