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Biomedical subjects

P Rajna

Publications and source records attributed to P Rajna.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Place of phenytoin in treatment of resistant epilepsy.

A retrospective therapeutical follow-up of 64 therapy-resistant epileptics treated by phenitoin (DPH) is made chronically. In the study 232 treatment periods of at least two years' duration were analyzed. Distribution of DPH therapeutic combinations was evaluated according to the type of epilepsy, seizure form, seizure frequency, elements of patient compliance, and results of serum level measurements. According to the author's opinions DPH is still one of the most effective agents in the treatment of resistant epilepsy, but in most cases as a constant component of antiepileptic bitherapy. Its pharmacokinetic features and optimal dosage show great individual variability, larger than that of other drugs and, in cases of combined drug regimens, interactions may more frequently be expected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Life events and seizure frequency in epileptics: a follow-up study.

On the basis of 2227 examinations of 272 epileptic patients the connection between the seizure frequency and life events of negative or positive emotional nature was analysed. Negative life events went with a deterioration, positive factors with a decrease of seizure frequency in most cases. Results of antiepileptic serum measurements suggest that emotional factors exert their effect by influencing the patient's compliance. Supposed intrapsychic patho-mechanisms of this connection are briefly discussed. Authors' results stress the importance of psychic care of epileptics simultaneously with medical treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Social integration of long-term paraphrenic patients with low-dose depot neuroleptic medication].

All long-term patients with the diagnosis "paraphrenia systematica" out of one region were included in this study. 53 patients were treated in an in-patient psychiatric unit between 1979 and 1981 and were available in this study. Parenteral Fluphenacin-Decanoate (25-75 mg monthly) was given. Before, during and after Fluphenacin (each schedule lasting for at least 20 weeks) psychopathological and social evaluations were done. We used quantitative scales: NGI (Nurses Global Impressions) and BPRS (Brief psychiatric Rating Scale). Good Socialization showed a striking correlation to parenteral Fluphenacin-treatment. Differences in the present state psychopathology were not able to explain the social difference. During parenteral treatment 49 patients switched from badly socialized (NGI: more than 12 points) to well socialized (NGI less than 7 points). 18 patients stopped parenteral neuroleptic treatment for various reasons. 13 Patients out of this group had to be readmitted to the psychiatric hospital, while those staying on their parenteral neuroleptic drug-treatment stayed well socialized.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

K-complex formation of the EEG in sleep. A survey and new examinations.

The first part of the work offers a survey of the literature on the K complex. In the second part the authors' own investigations are discussed. The data come from three series of experiments: 1) from five sleeps of eight subjects (s) observed under different experimental conditions: 2) from twenty-one nights spent without stimulation and fourteen nights at acoustic stimulation of the same s; 3) from the analysis of the K complexes appearing in stimulated and non-stimulated periods alternating every five minutes of stages 2 in the first cycles of 6 sleeps of another s. In five sleeps of an identical s the K complexes were examined also by means of averaging. The frequency of the K complexes was greater in the stages 2 ascending type than in those of descending type. Sensory stimulation increased the formation of K complexes in the ascending slopes of the cycles to a higher degree than in the descending ones. Repression of the K complexes appearing on the effect of stimulation in the ascending slope was more marked than in the descending one. These findings indicate a close connection of the formation of K complexes and phasic sensory activation. At the same time a connection between K-complex formation and the measure of sleep synchronization was observed. From evening to morning the frequency of K complexes decreased from cycle to cycle, parallel with the decrease in the depth of sleep. Similarly, the frequency of the K complexes measured in stages 2 showed a relationship with the depth of the cycles: the deeper the sleep in the given cycle, the more the K complexes found in unit time in stages 2 belonging to the cycle anchoring the measured stage 2. The EEG responses that could be identified with K complexes elicited by means of acoustic stimuli could be demonstrated by averaging in the whole slow-wave sleep. It is assumed that the EEG phenomena of K complex-type of spontaneous sleep arise under the effect of continuous sensory activation, hence they correspond with nonspecific evoked potential elements, and therefore the K complex can be regarded as a building stone of slow-wave sleep. At the same time K complexes were interpreted as conflict products of sensory activation and sleep-protecting influences and considered important indicators of the dynamics of the sleep-waking system.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Pharmaco-EEG profiles of antidepressants. Pharmacodynamic studies with fluvoxamine.

1 Antidepressant drugs produce significant changes in human brain function as reflected in the quantitatively analysed EEG. Two main types of pharmaco-EEG profiles may be differentiated: a thymeretic (desipramine-like) profile characterised mainly by an alpha increase suggesting activating properties and a thymoleptic (imipramine- or amitriptyline-like) profile showing a concomitant increase of slow and fast activities and a decrease in alpha activity indicating also sedative qualities. A small number of compounds exhibit still different profiles. 2 Aside from determining the type of EEG changes, the pharmaco-EEG method seems to be of value in determining time and dose efficacy relations at the target organ, the human brain. Moreover, the relationships between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics may be determined. 3 Fluvoxamine, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) re-uptake inhibitor from the new class of 2-aminoethyloximethers of aralkylketones, produced a typical thymoleptic pharmaco-EEG profile after oral doses of 75 mg in a double-blind placebo-controlled study involving 10 healthy volunteers. Fluvoxamine (75 mg) induced less augmentation of slow activity than 75 mg imipramine, indicating less sedative properties of fluvoxamine than imipramine. 4 After 75 mg fluvoxamine psychometric tests demonstrated a tendency towards an improvement in attention, concentration, psychomotor activity, after-effect and mood and a significant increase in critical flicker fusion frequency as compared with placebo. Comparison with the reference drug, 75 mg imipramine, revealed a significant superiority of fluvoxamine regarding concentration, psychomotor activity, tapping, reaction time, mood and affectivity. 5 Side-effects (mostly tiredness) were seen in five out of 10 subjects after 75 mg fluvoxamine and in eight out of 10 subjects after 75 mg imipramine. There were no clinically relevant changes in pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Vigilance level-dependent tonic seizures--epilepsy or sleep disorder? A case report.

A case with vigilance level-dependent, nightly occurring, generalized, axial, tonic motor seizures without any ictal or interictal scalp electroencephalographic expression is presented. A pathological sleep pattern with many arousals, superficial sleep, and an interrelation between the seizures and the arousal episodes was demonstrated. An epileptic excitation discharge during the seizures was verified on the right cingular cortex by stereoencephalography. The physiopathogenesis and differential diagnostic problems in the interpretation of such cases as a sleep disorder or an epileptic mechanism are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Event-related non-specific responses (K-complexes) during sleep.

EEG responses to sensory stimuli were obtained by averaging. In averages representing the reactivity of the approx. 5 min sleep period, the fluctuation of the amplitude of the obligatory part was evaluated. The deepening of sleep was reliably indicated by the increase in amplitude while the lightening of sleep by a decrease in amplitude within stage 2. In longer sleep periods beside the above tendency a micro-fluctuation occurred as evidence of the fine fluctuations of the sleep level within the phases. The synchronization response could be followed by this method even in the deep sleep stages and the above behaviour of the amplitudes of averages remained unchanged. This shows that the synchronization response to arousal stimuli is a uniform phenomenon during the whole slow-wave sleep. Our results support the assumption that the spontaneous or evoked synchronization phenomena in sleep are the products of the dynamic balance in the sleep-arousal system. An increase of amplitude may indicate an increase in the tonus of the sleep system while its decrease an opposite process. The present observations, similarly to our earlier results, may be adapted well to the sleep model based on the phasic activation and reciprocal induction theory.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Micro-arousals during nocturnal sleep.

In 8 young adult human subjects EEG- and polygraphic characteristics of transient shifts towards arousal (micro-arousal, MA) have been studied during sleep under five different experimental conditions in 40 night sessions. Out of the five applied experimental situations, two (psychostimulant application and sensory stimulation) resulted in a shift of the balance between the systems of sleep and arousal towards an increased activity of the arousal system, while an other condition (rebound following partial sleep deprivation) led to an opposite change to a rise in "sleep pressure". An inverse correlation has been found between the frequency of MA and the depth of sleep, a finding consistently observed in every subject and in every experimental situation. During the process of sleep periodic changes in the dispersity of MA could be seen; the number of MA-s decreased and increased according to the descending and ascending slope of the sleep cycles. During the ascending slope of cycles there was a coupling between the occurence of MA-s and the changes of phases. Increases in the level of activation and in sleep pressure did not influence the occurrence of MA-s. Increasing the tone of the arousal system in chemical way, or by means of enhancing the phasic sensory input resulted in a reduction of the difference between the number of MA on the descending and ascending slopes of cycles. During the phases of sleep, the spontaneous occurrence of MA-s went parallel with the possibility to evoke MA-s by sensory stimuli. These data show that MA is a regular phenomenon of nocturnal sleep; MA manifests itself as a result of phasic functioning of the reticular arousal system and plays a role in the organization of those periods of the sleep cycle, which tend toward arousal. It is suggested that MA-phenomenon is considered a standard measure of sleep and that it could represent an indicator of the function of the arousal system controlled by external or internal mechanisms during sleep.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensory stimulation for inhibition of epileptic seizures.

Simple acoustic stimuli were delivered at the onset of absence seizures in 23 investigations of 19 patients. In 79 of 139 observations, the stimulation promptly inhibited the seizure. The most effective inhibition was achieved in the first 3 s of the absence seizure. An automatic system of self-stimulation is recommended for further investigations. Following solution of some theoretical questions and technical problems, the suggested method can become a new therapeutic modality in seizure treatment.

Acoustic Stimulation↗